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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Nov 2022Intestinal parasitic infections are common infectious diseases causing many health problems and impaired growth and physical development.. Children under five years old... (Review)
Review
Intestinal parasitic infections are common infectious diseases causing many health problems and impaired growth and physical development.. Children under five years old are the most vulnerable to infections, due to their immature immunity and feeding and exploratory behaviours. This systematic review aimed to assess the relationship between intestinal parasitic infections and undernutrition among children under 5 years old. Fifteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were classified as high-quality studies. Twelve parasites were reported, including , spp., , , , hookworm, , , spp. and . Ascariasis is the most reported infection, with a prevalence ranging from 10.77% in Ethiopia to 57.14% in Malaysia, and is correlated with stunting (OR 2.17 (95% CI 1.14, 4.13), = 0.02). Giardiasis is the second most reported infection, with a prevalence ranging from 4.43% in Ethiopia to 66.33% in the Central African Republic, and is related to an increased risk of stunting (OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.07, 5.10), = 0.03)), wasting (OR 2.90 (95% CI 1.12, 7.49, = 0.03)), and being underweight (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.02, 2.29, = 0.04)). The third and fourth most prevalent infections are and hookworm infections. Intestinal parasitic infections can occur very early in life and cause significant growth retardation. It is important to understand the prevalence and effects of infection based on the parasite species in order to implement therapeutic interventions and prevention controls.
PubMed: 36422922
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110371 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2015The majority of helminth parasites that are considered by WHO to be the cause of 'neglected diseases' are zoonotic. In terms of their impact on human health, the role of... (Review)
Review
The majority of helminth parasites that are considered by WHO to be the cause of 'neglected diseases' are zoonotic. In terms of their impact on human health, the role of animal reservoirs and polyparasitism are both emerging issues in understanding the epidemiology of a number of these zoonoses. As such, Hymenolepis (Rodentolepis) nana, Echinococcus canadensis and Ancylostoma ceylanicum all qualify for consideration. They have been neglected and there is increasing evidence that all three parasite infections deserve more attention in terms of their impact on public health as well as their control.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Animals; Echinococcus; Helminthiasis; Humans; Hymenolepis nana; Neglected Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25743998
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.01.004 -
African Health Sciences Jun 2015Present study aimed to investigate prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Hymenolepis nana in Afghan refugees visiting Central Health Unit (CHU), Kot Chandana (Mianwali,...
BACKGROUND
Present study aimed to investigate prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Hymenolepis nana in Afghan refugees visiting Central Health Unit (CHU), Kot Chandana (Mianwali, Northern Punjab) during two years period (February 2007 to December 2009).
METHODS
A total of 687 stool samples were collected from different age groups of both genders. Samples were processed under sterile conditions after gross examination. Microscopic examination was done on same day along with eggs (H. nana), cyst and trophozoites (G. intestinalis) detection after staining.
RESULTS
The prevalence of G. intestinalis was significantly higher (x2=59.54, p<0.001) than that of H. nana. Females were found more likely to be infected as compared to males (OR: 1.40, 95% CI=1.03-1.92). Prevalence of both parasites decreased with age and highest prevalence was observed in young individuals belonging to 1-15 years of age group (41.8% and 48.7% respectively for H. nana and G. intestinalis, p<0.001). Abdominal distress (OR: 1.13, 95%CI=0.83-1.53), vomiting (OR: 1.13, 95%CI=1.13-1.81) and rectal prolapse (OR: 4.26, 95%CI=1.38-13.16) were the gastro-intestinal clinical symptoms observed in G. intestinalis. Whereas, bloody diarrhea (OR: 1.56, 95%CI=1.00-2.43) and rectal prolapse (OR: 5.79, 95%CI=1.87-17.91) were associated with H. nana infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Intestinal parasitic infections are common among Afghan refugees and serious preventive measures should be implemented to promote the safety and healthy lifestyle of these people.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Afghanistan; Age Distribution; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Giardia; Giardiasis; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Hymenolepis nana; Incidence; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Pakistan; Poverty; Prevalence; Rectal Prolapse; Refugees; Risk Factors; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult
PubMed: 26124784
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.12 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Aug 1916
PubMed: 29008049
DOI: No ID Found -
Helminthologia Sep 2021This first comprehensive report from Punjab province of India relates to patho-physiological alterations alongwith morpho-molecular characterisation and risk assessment...
This first comprehensive report from Punjab province of India relates to patho-physiological alterations alongwith morpho-molecular characterisation and risk assessment of natural infections of and in 291commensal rodents including house rat, (n=201) and lesser bandicoot rat, (n=90). Small intestine of 53.61 and 64.95 % rats was found infected with and , respectively with a concurrent infection rate of 50.86 %. There was no association between male and female rats and and infections (ᵡ = 0.016 and 0.08, respectively, d.f.= 1, P>0.05), while the host age had significant effect on prevalence of and (ᵡ = 28.12 and 7.18, respectively, d.f.= 1, P≤0.05) infection. Examination of faecal samples and intestinal contents revealed globular shaped eggs of without polar filaments (76.50 ± 3.01μm x 67.62 ± 2.42 μm), while smaller sized oval eggs of were with 4 - 8 polar filaments (47.87 ± 1.95 μm x 36.12 ± 3.05 μm). Cestode infection caused enteritis, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, necrosis of villi and inflammatory reaction with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the mucosa and submucosa. Morphometric identification of the adult cestodes recovered from the intestinal lumen was confirmed by molecular characterisation based on nuclear ITS-2 loci which showed a single band of 269 bp and 242 bp for and , respectively. Pairwise alignment of the ITS-2 regions showed 99.46 % similarity with sequences of from USA and 100 % similarity with sequences of from Slovakia, Kosice.
PubMed: 34934388
DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0027 -
International Reviews of Immunology 2014Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetic and... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetic and environmental factors play a role. Infectious pathogens are the likely environmental factors involved in the development of MS. Pathogens associated with the development or exacerbation of MS include bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, the Staphylococcus aureus-produced enterotoxins that function as superantigens, viruses of the herpes virus (Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6) and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families and the protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii. Evidence, from studies with humans and animal models, supporting the association of these various pathogens with the development and/or exacerbation of MS will be discussed along with the potential mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading and bystander activation. In contrast, infection with certain parasites such as helminthes (Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Hymenolepis nana, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercolaris, Enterobius vermicularis) appears to protect against the development or exacerbation of MS. Evidence supporting the ability of parasitic infections to protect against disease will be discussed along with a brief summary of a recent Phase I clinical trial testing the ability of Trichuris suis ova treatment to improve the clinical course of MS. A complex interaction between the CNS (including the blood-brain barrier), multiple infections with various infectious agents (occurring in the periphery or within the CNS), and the immune response to those various infections may have to be deciphered before the etiology of MS can be fully understood.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Gene-Environment Interaction; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Infections; Molecular Mimicry; Multiple Sclerosis; Trichuris
PubMed: 24266364
DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.823422 -
Veterinary Sciences Jul 2022is globally distributed. has been studied as a treatment, including the nematodes and protozoa, but no research results are related to cestodes. Therefore, the aim of...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
is globally distributed. has been studied as a treatment, including the nematodes and protozoa, but no research results are related to cestodes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to target .
METHODS
The natural components of were isolated and added to which was cultured in vitro, to observe changes in the mortality, motility, and morphology. BALB/c male mice infected with were treated with effective components of for 10 days, and the changes were recorded. After the mice were sacrificed, the spleen weight was measured, and a primary culture was performed for the subsequent cytokine and chemokine testing.
RESULTS
The experiment found that 13-hydroxy-(13-S)-pheophytin a and aristophyll-C have clear cestocidal effects in vitro. 13-hydroxy-(13-S)-pheophytin a has been shown to be effective at reducing parasite populations and eliciting host immune responses in vivo. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and GM-CSF in 13-hydroxy-(13-S)-pheophytin a were significantly increased after stimulation, while IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-12p70, and RANTES were unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS
The investigation shows that components of have actual cestocidal activity against .
PubMed: 35878385
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070368 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2017and are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes. Rodents are the main reservoir host of these cestodes. Brown rats () are the best known and most common rats, and...
and are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes. Rodents are the main reservoir host of these cestodes. Brown rats () are the best known and most common rats, and usually live wherever humans live, especially in less than desirable hygiene conditions. Due to the little information of the 2 hymenolepidid species in brown rats in China, the aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and genetic characterization of and in brown rats in Heilongjiang Province, China. Total 114 fecal samples were collected from brown rats in Heilongjiang Province. All the samples were subjected to morphological examinations by microscopy and genetic analysis by PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 () gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. In total, 6.1% (7/114) and 14.9% (17/114) of samples were positive for and , respectively. Among them, 7 and 3 isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced at the and loci, respectively. No nucleotide variations were found among isolates at either of the 2 loci. Seventeen isolates produced 2 different sequences while 7 sequences obtained were identical to each other. The present results of and infections in brown rats implied the risk of zoonotic transmission of hymenolepiasis in China. These molecular data will be helpful to deeply study intra-specific variations within cestodes in the future.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; China; Electron Transport Complex IV; Feces; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Hymenolepis diminuta; Hymenolepis nana; Mitochondria; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; RNA, Helminth; RNA, Ribosomal; Rats; Zoonoses
PubMed: 28719963
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.351 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Mar 2022This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in substance abusers and to reveal its significance.
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in substance abusers and to reveal its significance.
METHODS
The study was conducted in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty Parasitology Research Laboratory and University of Health Sciences Turkey Van Training and Research Hospital between May 2019 and February 2020. The patient group included 150 patients with substance abuse who applied to the Alcohol and Drug Addicted Treatment Center of University of Health Sciences Turkey Van Training and Research Hospital, while the control group included 75 patients who had no chronic illness and did not use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. Stool samples were examined using native-Lugol and modified acid-fast staining methods.
RESULTS
In this study, one or more intestinal parasites were found in 21.3% of 150 patients who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinic and had no chronic illness and did not use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the parasite frequency (p=0.03). In the patient group, was detected in 7.3% (p=0.02), in 6.7%, and in 0.7%. Considering the frequency of parasites in terms of age groups, intestinal parasites were found at a higher rate in the 35 and younger age group (23.8%) than in the 36 and older age group (17.2%). Intestinal parasite positivity was found at the highest rate (23.8%) in those using methamphetamine. Constipation (79.3%) was the most prevalent in parasite-positive substance abusers, followed by diarrhea (23%).
CONCLUSION
This study contributed to the literature by determining the frequency of intestinal parasites in people addicted to substance, and it was revealed that intestinal parasite infections are a negative consequence of substance addiction. Conclusively, our findings revealed that intestinal parasites should be considered in substance abusers. Also, more detailed studies involving more individuals should be conducted to obtain information about intestinal parasite infections.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Blastocystis hominis; Feces; Giardia lamblia; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Parasites; Prevalence; Turkey
PubMed: 35232705
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.47955 -
Current Research in Parasitology &... 2021Numerous experimental studies have been conducted on the rodent tapeworm, . In contrast, less is known about the life-cycle and immunobiology of the zoonotic dwarf... (Review)
Review
Numerous experimental studies have been conducted on the rodent tapeworm, . In contrast, less is known about the life-cycle and immunobiology of the zoonotic dwarf tapeworm, . However, appears to be unique in that; (i) it can complete its entire life-cycle within a single mammalian host, and (ii) cysticercoids that develop in beetle intermediate hosts are tailed, while those that develop in the intestinal tissue of mammals are tailless. This is in contrast to all other spp., which only appear to develop tailed cysticercoids in beetles or experimentally infected immunodeficient rodents. Even though and are phylogenetically much closer to each other than to , when mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) were inoculated with eggs, hatched oncospheres invaded the intestinal tissue and developed into infective tailed cysticercoids in approximately 11 days. Therefore, appears to be truly unique in its ability to develop tailed cysticercoids in beetles and tailless cysticercoids in mammals. These unique evolutionary characteristics are discussed in relation to other cyclophyllidean cestodes, including and spp.
PubMed: 35284891
DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100023