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Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Feb 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts of waterpipe smoking on oral health. The databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts of waterpipe smoking on oral health. The databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Dimensions were searched to find studies evaluating whether waterpipe smokers exhibited any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on their oral cells compared to non-smokers, with regard to mouth neoplasms. Particularly, changes in DNA methylation and p53 expression were assessed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were adopted for the systematic review. Review Manager was utilised for statistical analysis with a significance level at <0.05. To assess the grades of the included articles, a risk of bias analysis was summarised. A forest plot, including some of the included articles included, was created regarding the different grades. A total of 20 studies were included in this review. The results showed that waterpipe smoking has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on oral cells, with a risk difference of 0.16. Although the published articles are few in number, all confirm the devastating effects of waterpipe smoking related to the carcinogenicity. Waterpipe smoking is harmful to oral health. It causes a series of detrimental cellular and genetic modifications such as acanthosis, epithelial dysplasia and hyperparakeratosis. In addition, waterpipe smoke contains several carcinogenic compounds. As it releases many harmful organic compounds, waterpipe smoking increases the incidence of oral cancer.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Water Pipe Smoking; Antineoplastic Agents; Mouth Neoplasms; DNA Damage
PubMed: 36865434
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.6.2022.043 -
Cureus May 2022Autoeczematization, the dissemination of a local eczematous reaction to a distal site, is closely associated with lower extremity edema. Our patient is a 50-year-old...
Autoeczematization, the dissemination of a local eczematous reaction to a distal site, is closely associated with lower extremity edema. Our patient is a 50-year-old man with a past medical history of drug-induced lupus to hydralazine and recent bilateral cellulitis in his lower extremities. He was presented with complaints of vesicles on his palms and soles and a scaling rash that had spread over his torso, arms, and trunk. Laboratory studies found no evidence of an active rheumatological condition with complement C3 and C4 levels being normal and no anti-dsDNA, anti-histone, anti-Smith, anti-ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP), anti-centromere, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-Ro, or anti-La antibodies present. Moreover, syphilis, HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, rickettsia antibody, and antibody testing was negative suggesting a non-infectious etiology of the rash. Hypothesizing a dermatologic origin of the rash, a skin biopsy was performed that revealed intermittent foci of moderate hyperparakeratosis and mild hypergranulosis indicative of eczematous dermatitis. Unfortunately, treatment of the disseminated rash with 10 mg of daily oral prednisone and topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% ointment proved inefficient, and methotrexate therapy was advised. We posit that cellulitis, a soft tissue infection under the skin, is a potential cause of disruption of the skin barrier that leads to activation of autosensitized T cells. These activated T cells circulate to distal areas of the skin and may lead to autoeczematization. The treatment of these id reactions with corticosteroids - both topical and oral - may be insufficient at reducing dermatitis and require the application of systemic methotrexate or cyclosporine. Through this case, we demonstrate the importance of treating id reactions by stepping up the intensity of treatment due to the severity of autosensitization-driven eczema.
PubMed: 35774716
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25310 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Jul 2017Grover's disease is a benign condition of unknown origin characterized clinically by an erythematous papulovesicular eruption and histopathologically by intraepidermal...
Grover's disease is a benign condition of unknown origin characterized clinically by an erythematous papulovesicular eruption and histopathologically by intraepidermal clefting and four different patterns of acantholysis: Darier-like, pemphigus-like, spongiotic, and Hailey-Hailey-like. A case of a 54-year-old female affected by Grover's disease and showing a Darier-like histopathological pattern is described. Polarized light dermoscopy (PLD) revealed the presence of polygonal, star-like shaped yellowish/brownish areas of various sizes surrounded by a thin whitish halo. Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) showed the presence of intraepidermal dark spaces histopathologically corresponding to intraepidermal clefts, roundish, bright cells correlating to acantholytic keratinocytes, target-like cells with a dark center and a highly reflectant halo corresponding to dyskeratotic cells, and epidermal, polygonal, structureless areas reflecting hyperparakeratosis. In conclusion, the use of PLD and RCM combined with clinical presentation, personal/family history, and genetic evaluation may be useful for the non-invasive diagnosis of Darier-like Grover's disease.
PubMed: 29085721
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0703a11 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) May 2018Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is often associated with HIV and other immunosuppressive conditions. It is rare in HIV-negative... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is often associated with HIV and other immunosuppressive conditions. It is rare in HIV-negative patients, but has been reported in patients who use immune-modulating medications (e.g., cyclosporine). The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of OHL in HIV-negative patients and report Langerhans cell counts in these lesions.
STUDY DESIGN
A series of 7 new cases of OHL among HIV-negative patients is described. Langerhans cells were counted using an immunoperoxidase stain for CD1a and light microscopy.
RESULTS
The 7 patients were male, ranging in age from 26 to 69 years. Clinically, all lesions were diagnosed as leukoplakia on the lateral border of the tongue. Microscopic examination revealed hyperparakeratosis and candidiasis in some cases, acanthosis and a band-like zone with clearing of cells in the upper spinous layer, which were EBV-positive by in-situ hybridization. There was a significant decrease in Langerhans cell counts in OHL patients.
CONCLUSION
OHL can occur in HIV-negative patients.
Topics: HIV Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Leukoplakia, Hairy; Male; Tongue
PubMed: 31199724
DOI: No ID Found -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2015Cutaneus leishmaniasis, a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive...
OBJECTIVE
Cutaneus leishmaniasis, a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological skin lesions in cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Antalya, Turkey.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Our study included 28 patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin, Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal (acanthosis, hyper-parakeratosis, atrophy, lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and granuloma formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index.
RESULTS
Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had acanthosis, 4 had epidermal atrophy, and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell granulomas with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical granulomatous lesions. The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions.
CONCLUSION
We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this study. We found that atrophy, acanthosis, and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and atrophy were indicative of late stage disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Male; Parasite Load; Skin; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 25944392
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2015.01300 -
Dermatology Reports Sep 2020Warty Dyskeratoma (WD) is a rare condition consisting in single or multiple papular or nodular lesions of the skin or of the oral mucosamucosa. Histologically, a...
Warty Dyskeratoma (WD) is a rare condition consisting in single or multiple papular or nodular lesions of the skin or of the oral mucosamucosa. Histologically, a cupshaped epidermal invagination centred by a plug of epidermal hyperparakeratosis with suprabasal acantholysis and dyskeratosis is typically observed. A case of post-inflammatory WD, which was also observed by dermoscopy, is described. Dermoscopy showed an eight-shape whitish collarette surrounded by light brown pigmentation. A central white structureless area with an adjacent rosette were observed. Some small rust-coloured blood crusts were also observed in the centre of the lesion; no prominent vascular pattern was detected. The etiopathogenesis of this benign neoplasm could be multifactorial. Dermoscopy of WD is not specific but may help to ruling out other skin tumors.
PubMed: 33408834
DOI: 10.4081/dr.2020.8791 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Dec 2016Verruciform Xanthoma (VX) is a rare lesion of the oral cavity. Histologically, it is characterized by papillary or verrucous proliferation of squamous epithelium and...
Verruciform Xanthoma (VX) is a rare lesion of the oral cavity. Histologically, it is characterized by papillary or verrucous proliferation of squamous epithelium and numerous foam cells. VX arising in the tongue is comparatively rare, as most cases of VX in oral cavity occur in gingiva. A 65-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with a mass on the left side of the tongue. The lesion was yellowish, and its surface was granulated. The patient had neither tenderness nor any symptoms. The lesion was clinically diagnosed to be a benign tumor, and hence, biopsy was performed, according to which it was diagnosed as hyperparakeratosis. Based on this diagnosis, the tumor was excised under general anesthesia. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of stratified squamous epithelium with parakeratosis and elongated rete ridges. Aggregation of foam cells was observed between and under the rete ridges. From these features, a diagnosis of VX was made. The patient has had no local recurrence as of three years post-operatively.
PubMed: 28209012
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/22157.8965 -
Journal of Oral Science Sep 2009Oral squamous papilloma (OSP) is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, which results in a papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. Twelve patients...
Oral squamous papilloma (OSP) is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, which results in a papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. Twelve patients suspected to have oral papilloma underwent excisional biopsy for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. The majority of the patients (75%) were females, and the most prevalent site was the tongue, followed by the palate. The round and whitish form was present in 58.4% of the cases. The lesions were softened/flaccid in 66.7% of cases and a pedunculated attachment was seen in 75% of the lesions. The histopathologic examination revealed hyperparakeratosis, occasional basal hyperplasia, and koilocyte-like cells in 100% of the specimens. Immunohistochemical assays utilizing BP53-12 and Pab240 antibodies for p53 protein showed negative or weak immunostaining (91.6%) for both immunomarkers in all the epithelial layers examined. The findings suggest the benign nature of the lesions and small possibility of becoming malignant.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Papilloma; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Viral Proteins; Young Adult
PubMed: 19776503
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.51.367 -
Dental Research Journal Mar 2013Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Oral Lichenoid Lesions (OLLs) are clinically and histopathologically similar lesions but with different etiologies and treatment plan, thus...
INTRODUCTION
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Oral Lichenoid Lesions (OLLs) are clinically and histopathologically similar lesions but with different etiologies and treatment plan, thus differentiating these two has been the center of many researches. Studies in different populations have been performed on clinical and histopathologic features of OLP and OLLs. Thus aim of the present study was to evaluate and also compare the clinical and histopathologic features of these two diseases in a 10-year period in Esfahan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive-analytic study was based on retrospective survey of 232 records with clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of OLP and OLLs available from archive of oral pathology, Esfahan dental school 2000-2010. Data was statistically analyzed by use of independent t-test, Fisher exact, and Chi-square.
RESULTS
Involvement of lip was the only clinically significant difference between OLP and OLLs, most seen in OLLs. Band-like inflammatory infiltrate mainly composed of lymphocyte, saw toothed rete ridges, Max Joseph space, and atrophic epithelium was significantly seen in OLP. While hyperkeratosis, deep connective tissue infiltrate composed of eosinophil, neutrophil, and plasma cell were seen in OLLs.
CONCLUSION
Involvement of lip was the only clinically significant difference between OLP and OLLs. Histopathologically strict band like infiltration, atrophic epithelium, saw toothed rete ridges, and Max Joseph space are reliable criteria for differentiation of OLP as deep connective tissue infiltration and hyperparakeratosis are for diagnosis of OLLs.
PubMed: 23946731
DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.113328 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affecting 2-3% of the global population. The proinflammatory IL-17A is a key cytokine in psoriasis. Accumulating evidence has...
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease affecting 2-3% of the global population. The proinflammatory IL-17A is a key cytokine in psoriasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that IL-36γ plays also a pathogenic role. To understand more precisely the role of the IL-17A-IL-36γ cytokine network in skin pathology, we used an ear injection model. We injected IL-17A or IL-36γ alone and in combination into the ear pinnae of mice. This resulted in a significant increase in ear thickness measured over time. Histological evaluation of IL-17A + IL-36γ-treated skin showed a strong acanthosis, hyperparakeratosis and infiltration of neutrophils. The same histological features were found in mice after injection of IL-36γ alone, but to a lesser extent. IL-17A alone was not able to induce psoriasis-like changes. Genes encoding proteins of the S100 family, antimicrobial peptides and chemo-attractants for neutrophils were upregulated in the IL-17A + IL-36γ group. A much weaker expression was seen after the injection of each cytokine alone. These results strengthen the hypothesis that IL-17A and IL-36γ drive psoriatic inflammation via a synergistic interaction. Our established intradermal ear injection model can be utilized in the future to monitor effects of various inhibitors of this cytokine network.
PubMed: 34440590
DOI: 10.3390/life11080846