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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Sep 2015This article describes the history of the nosology of anxiety disorders. Greek and Latin physicians and philosophers distinguished anxiety from other types of negative... (Review)
Review
This article describes the history of the nosology of anxiety disorders. Greek and Latin physicians and philosophers distinguished anxiety from other types of negative affect, and identified it as a medical disorder. Ancient Epicurean and Stoic philosophers suggested techniques to reach an anxiety-free state of mind that are reminiscent of modern cognitive psychology. Between classical antiquity and the late 19(th) century there was a long interval during which anxiety was not classified as a separate illness. However, typical cases of anxiety disorders kept being reported, even if under different names. In the 17(th) century, Robert Burton described anxiety in The Anatomy of Melancholy. Panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorder may be recognized in the "panophobias" in the nosology published by Boissier de Sauvages in the 18(th) century. Also, anxiety symptoms were an important component of new disease constructs, culminating in neurasthenia in the 19(th) century. Emil Kraepelin devoted much attention to the possible presence of severe anxiety in manic-depressive illness, thereby anticipating the "anxious distress" specifier of bipolar disorders in DSM-5. A pitfall to consider is that the meaning of common medical terms, such as melancholia, evolves according to places and epochs.
Topics: Anxiety; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient
PubMed: 26487812
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/macrocq -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Sep 2009This review summarizes findings on the epidemiology and etiology of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents including separation anxiety disorder, specific... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes findings on the epidemiology and etiology of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents including separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, also highlighting critical aspects of diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Childhood and adolescence is the core risk phase for the development of anxiety symptoms and syndromes, ranging from transient mild symptoms to full-blown anxiety disorders. This article critically reviews epidemiological evidence covering prevalence, incidence, course, and risk factors. The core challenge in this age span is the derivation of developmentally more sensitive assessment methods. Identification of characteristics that could serve as solid predictors for onset, course, and outcome will require prospective designs that assess a wide range of putative vulnerability and risk factors. This type of information is important for improved early recognition and differential diagnosis as well as prevention and treatment in this age span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Age of Onset; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Child Development; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Prevalence; Prognosis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors
PubMed: 19716988
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 2018
Review
Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 29695476
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k1415 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jul 2018The purpose of this paper was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and anxiety and the rationale for including... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this paper was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and anxiety and the rationale for including it as a treatment option for anxiety disorders. Several gaps in the literature are highlighted alongside recommendations for future research.
RECENT FINDINGS
PA in the general population has established efficacy in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease and improving wellbeing. Recent epidemiological data further suggests that people who are more active may be less likely to have anxiety disorders. In addition, evidence from systematic reviews of randomised control trials suggests that exercise training, a subset of PA, can reduce symptoms in anxiety and stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Anxiety disorders are common, burdensome and costly to individuals and wider society. In addition to the profound negative impact on individuals' wellbeing and functioning, they are associated with worsened physical health, including a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. Although pharmacotherapy and psychological interventions are helpful for many, these treatment approaches are not effective for everyone and are insufficient to address common physical health complications, such as the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the combined anxiolytic and physical health benefits of increased activity, PA presents a promising additional treatment option for people with anxiety disorders. However, there remain key gaps in the literature regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of PA, optimal PA protocols, methods of improving adherence and the importance of physical fitness. These must be addressed for PA to be successfully implemented in mental health services.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Mental Health; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 30043270
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0923-x -
Minerva Anestesiologica Nov 2018Preoperative anxiety can influence the intensity of postoperative pain and anesthesia and analgesia requirement. In certain types of surgery, anxiety may even increase... (Review)
Review
Preoperative anxiety can influence the intensity of postoperative pain and anesthesia and analgesia requirement. In certain types of surgery, anxiety may even increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. The goal of this narrative review is to remind anesthesiologists that anxiety measurement using specific tools can be done in clinical practice, to present the implications of preoperative anxiety on postoperative patient recovery, and to acknowledge the importance of a dedicated anesthesia plan in the management of anxious adult patients. Preoperative assessment performed several weeks before surgery in an outpatient clinic is a reasonable option to give information about surgery, anesthesia and postoperative pain. This is the time to assess patient preoperative anxiety by using VAS-A. If high anxiety level is detected early, the patient can be referred to a psychologist for preoperative preparation. This is consistent with the guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgeries, which underline the importance of patient-doctor discussion about hospitalization and perioperative care. Patients with preoperative anxiety could benefit from multimodal analgesia, including non-pharmacological methods, such as cognitive therapy and music therapy and relaxation. The authors' opinion is that greater education about preoperative anxiety consequences in the surgical community is needed. A systemized approach and guidelines about the management of preoperative anxiety should be followed.
Topics: Anxiety; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Period
PubMed: 29624026
DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12520-X -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Sep 2015The DSM-5 process, and the publication of DSM-5 in 2013, have had a considerable impact on the classification of anxiety disorders. Major changes included the...
The DSM-5 process, and the publication of DSM-5 in 2013, have had a considerable impact on the classification of anxiety disorders. Major changes included the reorganization of the chapter structure, individual groupings of disorders within each chapter from a life span viewpoint, and the use of specifiers. The DSM-5 chapter on anxiety disorders does not include obsessive-compulsive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. The chapter itself now reflects a developmental approach. The text of each disorder has been enhanced with short sections on development and course, risk and prognostic factors, etc. It is expected that the reformulation of anxiety disorders in DSM-5 will lead to greater precision in a variety of ways, as illustrated in the papers in this issue of Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. In summary, these changes in the way we classify anxiety disorders reflect our best view on the clinical empirical data and should prove useful in the assessment of specific anxiety disorders.
Topics: Anxiety; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 26487805
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/dkupfer -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Apr 2012This review aims to examine the volume and quality of the evidence base which supports the use of acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety disorders. A literature review... (Review)
Review
This review aims to examine the volume and quality of the evidence base which supports the use of acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety disorders. A literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Google scholar, AMED, BMJ, Embase, Psychinfo, Cochrane library, Ingenta connect, and Cinahl databases. Keywords were "anxiety,""anxious,""panic,""stress,""phobia," and "acupuncture" limited to year 2000 onwards and English language where available. The quality of research examining the use of acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety disorders is extremely variable. There is enormous variety regarding points used, number of points used in a session, duration of sessions, frequency of treatment and duration of treatment programme. While the generally poor methodological quality, combined with the wide range of outcome measures used, number and variety of points, frequency of sessions, and duration of treatment makes firm conclusions difficult. Against this, the volume of literature, consistency of statistically significant results, wide range of conditions treated and use of animal test subjects suggests very real, positive outcomes using a treatment method preferred by a population of individuals who tend to be resistant to conventional medicine.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 22070429
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00254.x -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2018Our intention has been to review the literature addressing the anxiety phenomenon from as many points of view as possible. By searching in PubMed and Web of Science and... (Review)
Review
Our intention has been to review the literature addressing the anxiety phenomenon from as many points of view as possible. By searching in PubMed and Web of Science and by using multiple filters, we have included, of the over 1800 results, 93 studies with the aim of covering more aspects of life anxiety exerts its influence upon. We have discussed the connection between anxiety and physiological and psychological functioning, or its connection with the areas of family, religion, social life and behavior, as well as the cultural side, childhood, pregnancy and many others.
Topics: Anxiety; Behavior; Culture; Family; Humans; Religion
PubMed: 30845283
DOI: No ID Found -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Sep 2015Anxiety disorders occur frequently, and can have a negative impact on the quality of people's lives. They often begin at an early age and can have some serious... (Review)
Review
Anxiety disorders occur frequently, and can have a negative impact on the quality of people's lives. They often begin at an early age and can have some serious consequences. This article is an overview of the recent studies concerning group cognitive-behavioral interventions for anxiety disorders. In the last few years, anxiety disorder prevention for children and adolescents has become an important focus of research work. Group prevention programs are based on standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) strategies and are aimed at preventing anxiety disorders as early as possible. Numerous cognitive behavioral group therapies for children as well as adults have been well studied. There are many CBT protocols that have been developed for treating specific anxiety disorders. Now, specialized CBT programs are available for individuals who suffer from different anxiety disorders, enabling them to be treated together in groups.
Topics: Anxiety; Humans; Psychotherapy, Group
PubMed: 26487815
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/lwolgensinger -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Oct 2016
Topics: Aged; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 27835726
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.16f02039