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Transactions of the American Clinical... 1983
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Amenorrhea; Diagnosis, Differential; Empty Sella Syndrome; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Middle Aged; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Prolactin
PubMed: 6892256
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports Sep 2021Several reports have shown that risperidone increases prolactin concentrations, while aripiprazole decreases prolactin concentrations. The frequency of abnormal...
AIM
Several reports have shown that risperidone increases prolactin concentrations, while aripiprazole decreases prolactin concentrations. The frequency of abnormal prolactin concentrations in patients with schizophrenia receiving these drugs is still unknown. Furthermore, although hyperprolactinemia leads to sexual dysfunction, the relationship between hyperprolactinemia and testosterone, which may be directly related to male sexual function, is not well understood.
METHODS
The subjects were 94 male schizophrenia outpatients receiving risperidone or paliperidone (risperidone group) and 83 male schizophrenia outpatients receiving aripiprazole. We measured the serum prolactin and total and free testosterone concentrations. We compared the prolactin and testosterone levels in patients receiving risperidone or paliperidone and patients receiving aripiprazole.
RESULTS
The average serum prolactin concentration was 27.5 ± 13.1 ng/mL for the risperidone group and 3.9 ± 3.5 ng/mL for the aripiprazole group, and the concentrations were significantly different (P < .001). Hypoprolactinemia was observed in 75% of the aripiprazole group and hyperprolactinemia in 65% of the risperidone group. A positive correlation between prolactin levels and the risperidone daily dose was found, whereas a negative correlation between prolactin levels and the aripiprazole daily dose was observed. In the risperidone group, total testosterone concentrations were correlated with age, while free testosterone concentrations were inversely correlated with age and prolactin levels.
CONCLUSION
We found very common hyperprolactinemia and hypoprolactinemia in the risperidone or paliperidone group and aripiprazole group, respectively. Testosterone concentrations were associated with elevated prolactin levels in patients receiving risperidone or paliperidone. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of abnormal prolactin concentrations in male and female patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Lactation Disorders; Male; Paliperidone Palmitate; Prolactin; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Testosterone
PubMed: 34189861
DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12190 -
Endocrine Oct 2022Unlike hyperprolactinemia, clinical significance of prolactin deficiency remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiometabolic profile of...
PURPOSE
Unlike hyperprolactinemia, clinical significance of prolactin deficiency remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiometabolic profile of patients with low prolactin levels.
METHODS
The study population consisted of three groups of young women. Two groups were chronically treated with cabergoline but differed in prolactin levels, which were either abnormally low (group A; n = 16) or within the reference range (group B, n = 23). Group C, serving as a control group, included 28 drug-naïve women with normal prolactin levels. The dose of cabergoline in group A was then tapered down. Glucose homeostasis markers, plasma lipids and circulating levels of hormones, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen and homocysteine, as well as the carotid intima-media thickness were assessed at baseline and 6 months later.
RESULTS
Compared with subjects with normal prolactin levels, women with hypoprolactinemia had higher levels of 2-h postchallenge glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, uric acid, hsCRP and fibrinogen, lower values of HDL-cholesterol, total testosterone and free androgen index, as well as reduced insulin sensitivity. No differences in these variables were observed between groups B and C. Apart from prolactin normalization, cabergoline dose reduction reversed all laboratory disturbances reported in group A.
CONCLUSION
The obtained results suggest that hypoprolactinemia in women of reproductive age may increase cardiometabolic risk.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cabergoline; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Fibrinogen; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Glucose; Humans; Lactation Disorders; Prolactin; Risk Factors; Uric Acid
PubMed: 35906342
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03145-1 -
Journal of Global Health Nov 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Lactation Disorders
PubMed: 37934966
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03053 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1962
Topics: Amenorrhea; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Lactation Disorders; Medical Records; Pregnancy
PubMed: 13887385
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5278.609 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2016Managing breastfeeding problems is an essential part of newborn care. While much is written on breast milk undersupply, little is written on oversupply, sometimes known... (Review)
Review
Managing breastfeeding problems is an essential part of newborn care. While much is written on breast milk undersupply, little is written on oversupply, sometimes known as hyperlactation or hypergalactia. Infants of mothers with oversupply may have increased or decreased weight gain. Some may have large, frothy stools. They may develop a disordered latch. Mothers may report overly full, leaking breasts. Thyroid function should be assessed. Treatment is mostly anecdotal and includes methods to maintain breast fullness, such as block feedings. Pseudoephedrine and oral contraceptive pills may decrease the supply. Dopamine agonists such as carbergoline can be used as a last resort.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast Feeding; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 26769886
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.01.150164 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1972
Review
Topics: Amenorrhea; Contraceptives, Oral; Ergot Alkaloids; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Lactation Disorders; Male; Phenothiazines; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Prolactin
PubMed: 4553815
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5808.280 -
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official... Nov 2014
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation Disorders; Lingual Frenum; Nipples; Pain; Pregnancy; Sucking Behavior; Sudden Infant Death
PubMed: 25361471
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2014.9972 -
American Family Physician Jun 2012Galactorrhea is commonly caused by hyperprolactinemia, especially when it is associated with amenorrhea. Hyperprolactinemia is most often induced by medication or... (Review)
Review
Galactorrhea is commonly caused by hyperprolactinemia, especially when it is associated with amenorrhea. Hyperprolactinemia is most often induced by medication or associated with pituitary adenomas or other sellar or suprasellar lesions. Less common causes of galactorrhea include hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, pregnancy, and nipple stimulation. After pathologic nipple discharge is ruled out, patients with galactorrhea should be evaluated by measurement of their prolactin level. Those with hyperprolactinemia should have pregnancy ruled out, and thyroid and renal function assessed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be performed if no other cause of hyperprolactinemia is found. Patients with prolactinomas are usually treated with dopamine agonists (bromocriptine or cabergoline); surgery or radiation therapy is rarely required. Medications causing hyperprolactinemia should be discontinued or replaced with a medication from a similar class with lower potential for causing hyperprolactinemia. Normoprolactinemic patients with idiopathic, nonbothersome galactorrhea can be reassured and do not need treatment; however, those with bothersome galactorrhea usually respond to a short course of a low-dose dopamine agonist.
Topics: Female; Galactorrhea; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Prolactin
PubMed: 22962879
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Oct 2021Migraine is primary headache which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Migraine and other primary headache disorders are also common during... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Migraine is primary headache which commonly affects women of childbearing age. Migraine and other primary headache disorders are also common during pregnancy. Understanding which treatments are effective and can be safely given to patients with primary headache during pregnancy and lactation is essential in supporting these patients before, during, and after childbirth. Behavioral modalities have the potential to improve the health of both mother and baby, while empowering patients to make informed decisions in family planning and creating future treatment plans.
RECENT FINDINGS
Research shows that behavioral therapies can be powerful tools to treat pain conditions with minimal side effects. Recent literature prioritizes behavioral therapies in preparation for pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during lactation due to the superior safety profile of such therapies. Digital resources for behavioral therapy are another well-received recent direction supported by growing evidence of both efficacy and safety. Popular with patients and headache specialists, digital behavioral therapy has taken various forms during the pandemic, such as telemedicine, online psychology support groups, and smartphone applications that patients can interact with on their own time. In summary, the purpose of this review is to equip providers with important information and updates on the use of behavioral modalities for the treatment of primary headache during pregnancy and lactation.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Breast Feeding; Female; Headache; Humans; Lactation; Migraine Disorders; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34668111
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00980-1