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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation.
OBJECTIVE
To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners.
METHODS
A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS
In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted.
CONCLUSIONS
Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.
Topics: Alopecia; Brazil; Eczema; Hair; Humans; Scalp
PubMed: 35058079
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.02.010 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Sep 2022While there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID-19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
While there are literature reporting increased incidence of hair loss in COVID-19 patients, insufficient evidence exists on the topic to date. This review aims to identify the existing evidence and clinical characteristics of hair loss with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles with relevant keywords including "Alopecia," "Telogen Effluvium (TE)," and "COVID-19" from their inception to November 20, 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 26 articles, with 9 observational studies and 17 case reports or series (a total of 58 cases), were included. Most studies dealt with TE. There were no clear trends between COVID-19 severity and the extent of hair loss. Analysis of the 58 cases also found similar results with most of the cases being female (82.8%), the median onset of hair loss of 2.0 months, and the median time to recovery of hair loss of 5.0 months with a resolution rate of 95%.
CONCLUSION
While this systematic review revealed uncertainty and a lack of strong evidence regarding the association of COVID-19 and hair loss, hair loss in COVID-19 may mainly include TE and be reversible in nature. Future studies are warranted to determine the detailed pathophysiology and risk factors of hair loss in COVID-19, including possible roles of estrogen, progesterone, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; COVID-19; Cytokines; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Male; Progesterone
PubMed: 35801366
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15218 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica or Bazex syndrome is a dermatologic manifestation usually associated with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper...
Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica or Bazex syndrome is a dermatologic manifestation usually associated with the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. We report a case with exuberant clinical manifestations, exemplifying the typical cutaneous lesions in this rare syndrome, in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Esophageal Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24346922
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132488 -
American Family Physician Jul 2003Hair loss (alopecia) affects men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic well-being. Although alopecia has several causes, a careful... (Review)
Review
Hair loss (alopecia) affects men and women of all ages and often significantly affects social and psychologic well-being. Although alopecia has several causes, a careful history, dose attention to the appearance of the hair loss, and a few simple studies can quickly narrow the potential diagnoses. Androgenetic alopecia, one of the most common forms of hair loss, usually has a specific pattern of temporal-frontal loss in men and central thinning in women. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved topical minoxidil to treat men and women, with the addition of finasteride for men. Telogen effluvium is characterized by the loss of "handfuls" of hair, often following emotional or physical stressors. Alopecia areata, trichotillomania, traction alopecia, and tinea capitis have unique features on examination that aid in diagnosis. Treatment for these disorders and telogen effluvium focuses on resolution of the underlying cause.
Topics: Alopecia; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluconazole; Humans; Hypotrichosis; Minoxidil; Tinea Capitis; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 12887115
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Drug Investigation May 2023Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are emerging as a therapeutic option for alopecia areata. The risk of potential adverse events is currently debated. In particular, several...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are emerging as a therapeutic option for alopecia areata. The risk of potential adverse events is currently debated. In particular, several safety data for JAK inhibitors are extrapolated from a single study in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib or adalimumab/etanercept as a comparator. The population of patients with alopecia areata is clinically and immunologically different from persons with rheumatoid arthritis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are not effective in these patients. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze available data on the safety of various JAK inhibitors in patients with alopecia areata.
METHODS
The systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO databases with the last search on March 13, 2023.
RESULTS
In total, 36 studies were included. The frequency and odds ratio (OR) for most common adverse events versus placebo were: for baricitinib hypercholesterolemia (18.2% vs 10.5%, OR = 1.9) and headache (6.1% vs 5.1%, OR = 1.2), for brepocitinib elevated creatinine level (27.7% vs 4.3%, OR = 8.6) and acne (10.6% vs 4.3%, OR = 2.7), for ritlecitinib acne (10.4% vs 4.3%, OR = 2.6) and headache (12.5% vs 10.6%, OR = 1.2) and for deuruxolitinib headache (21.4% vs 9.1%, OR = 2.7) and acne (13.6% vs 4.5%, OR = 3.3). The respective numbers for upper respiratory infections were: baricitinib (7.3% vs 7.0%, OR = 1.0) and brepocitinib (23.4% vs 10.6%, OR = 2.6); for nasopharyngitis: ritlecitinib (12.5% vs 12.8%, OR = 1.0) and deuruxolitinib (14.6% vs 2.3%, OR = 7.3).
CONCLUSIONS
The most common side effects of JAK inhibitors in patients with alopecia areata were headache and acne. The OR for upper respiratory tract infections varied from over 7-fold increased to comparable to placebo. The risk of serious adverse events was not increased.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Alopecia Areata; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Alopecia
PubMed: 37138134
DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01260-z -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2012
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Facies; Female; Hair Color; Humans; Werner Syndrome
PubMed: 22565447
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.95469 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2018
Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Hyperpigmentation; Sebaceous Gland Diseases
PubMed: 29772977
DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1359 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2013Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring hair loss of scalp and/or body. Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, and environmental factors play a major role... (Review)
Review
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring hair loss of scalp and/or body. Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, and environmental factors play a major role in the etiopathogenesis of AA. Patchy AA is the most common form. Atopy and autoimmune thyroiditis are most common associated conditions. Peribulbar and intrabulbar lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate resembling "swarm of bees" is characteristic on histopathology. Treatment is mainly focused to contain the disease activity. Corticosteroids are the preferred treatments in form of topical, intralesional, or systemic therapy. Camouflage in the form of wigs may be an alternative option in refractory cases.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alopecia Areata; Humans; Scalp
PubMed: 23974575
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.116725 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 1989
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Costs and Cost Analysis; Equipment Design; Esthetics; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; State Medicine; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2514834
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.299.6713.1455 -
The Oncologist Jan 2018Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is the most visibly distressing side effect of commonly administered chemotherapeutic agents. Because psychological health has huge... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is the most visibly distressing side effect of commonly administered chemotherapeutic agents. Because psychological health has huge relevance to lifestyle, diet, and self-esteem, it is important for clinicians to fully appreciate the psychological burden that CIA can place on patients. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we provide a comprehensive review encompassing the molecular characteristics of the human hair follicle (HF), how different anticancer agents damage the HF to cause CIA, and subsequent HF pathophysiology, and we assess known and emerging prevention modalities that have aimed to reduce or prevent CIA. We argue that, at present, scalp cooling is the only safe and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared modality available, and we highlight the extensive available clinical and experimental (biological) evidence for its efficacy. The likelihood of a patient that uses scalp cooling during chemotherapy maintaining enough hair to not require a wig is approximately 50%. This is despite different types of chemotherapy regimens, patient-specific differences, and possible lack of staff experience in effectively delivering scalp cooling. The increased use of scalp cooling and an understanding of how to deliver it most effectively to patients has enormous potential to ease the psychological burden of CIA, until other, more efficacious, equally safe treatments become available.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents perhaps the most distressing side effect of chemotherapeutic agents and is of huge concern to the majority of patients. Scalp cooling is currently the only safe option to combat CIA. Clinical and biological evidence suggests improvements can be made, including efficacy in delivering adequately low temperature to the scalp and patient-specific cap design. The increased use of scalp cooling, an understanding of how to deliver it most effectively, and biological evidence-based approaches to improve its efficacy have enormous potential to ease the psychological burden of CIA, as this could lead to improvements in treatment and patient quality-of-life.
Topics: Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 28951499
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0263