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Canadian Association of Radiologists... Jun 2009
Topics: Barium; Constriction, Pathologic; Humans; Ileum; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Wit and Humor as Topic
PubMed: 19591773
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2009.02.033 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Dec 2009It is well established that central corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling mediates the gastrointestinal responses to stress. However, as shown in the brain,... (Review)
Review
It is well established that central corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling mediates the gastrointestinal responses to stress. However, as shown in the brain, both CRF receptors and ligands are also widely expressed in the colon and the ileum of humans and rodents, and stress modulates their expression. Several functional studies documented that peripheral injection of CRF or urocortin stimulates colonic transit, motility, Fos expression in myenteric neurons, and defecation through activation of CRF(1) receptors, whereas it decreases ileal contractility via CRF(2) receptors. Additionally, intraperitoneal administration of CRF induces colonic mast cells degranulation via both CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors and increases ion secretion and mucosal permeability to macromolecules, which can in turn promote intestinal inflammation and alter visceral sensitivity. Most peripheral CRF-induced alterations of colonic and ileal functions mimic effects which are observed after stress exposure, and CRF receptor antagonists given peripherally prevent stress-induced GI dysfunction. Furthermore, CRF peptides can reproduce secretomotor and mucosal alterations in vitro. Therefore, accumulated clinical and preclinical evidence supports in addition to the brain, a role for peripheral CRF signaling in mediating stress-induced effects on gastrointestinal sensorimotor, mucosal and immune functions, that may be components of underlying mechanisms involved in stress-related impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Topics: Animals; Colon; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Diseases; Ligands; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 20388944
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Surgery Dec 1970
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Colon, Sigmoid; Colostomy; Female; Gangrene; Humans; Ileostomy; Ileum; Intestinal Obstruction; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Radiography
PubMed: 5496474
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197012000-00016 -
Annals of Surgery Apr 1952
Topics: Humans; Ileum
PubMed: 14915450
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-195204000-00015 -
Glasgow Medical Journal Apr 1955
Topics: Humans; Ileum; Transplantation; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Urologic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 14366367
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Surgery Dec 1953
Topics: Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Ileostomy; Ileum; Intestines; Stomach
PubMed: 13105240
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-195312000-00016 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Feb 1959
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Ileum; Intestines; Urinary Bladder; Urologic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 13618835
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Mar 2020Telocytes (TCs) are recently described interstitial cells, present in almost all human organs. Among many other functions, TCs regulate gastrointestinal motility...
Telocytes (TCs) are recently described interstitial cells, present in almost all human organs. Among many other functions, TCs regulate gastrointestinal motility together with the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). TCs and ICCs have close localization in the human myenteric plexus; however, the exact spatial relationship cannot be clearly examined by previously applied double immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy. Data on TCs and submucosal ganglia and their relationship to intestinal nerves are scarce. The aim of the study was to analyse the spatial relationship among these components in the normal human ileum and colon with double CD34/CD117 and CD34/S100 immunohistochemistry and high-resolution light microscopy. TCs were found to almost completely encompass both myenteric and submucosal ganglia in ileum and colon. An incomplete monolayer of ICCs was localized between the TCs and the longitudinal muscle cells in ileum, whereas only scattered ICCs were present on both surfaces of the colonic myenteric ganglia. TC-telopodes were observed within colonic myenteric ganglia. TCs, but no ICCs, were present within and around the interganglionic nerve fascicles, submucosal nerves and mesenterial nerves, but were only observed along small nerves intramuscularly. These anatomic differences probably reflect the various roles of TCs and ICCs in the bowel function.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colon; Enteric Nervous System; Female; Humans; Ileum; Interstitial Cells of Cajal; Male; Middle Aged; Myenteric Plexus; Peristalsis; Telocytes
PubMed: 31983076
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15013 -
Journal of Crohn's & Colitis Feb 2018Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis removes the diseased tissue in ulcerative colitis but also allows gastrointestinal continuity and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis removes the diseased tissue in ulcerative colitis but also allows gastrointestinal continuity and stoma-free living. Pouch strictures are a complication with a reported incidence of 5-38%. The three areas where pouch strictures occur are in the pouch inlet, mid-pouch and pouch-anal anastomosis.
AIM
To undertake a systematic review of the literature and to identify management strategies available for pouch-anal, mid-pouch and pre-pouch ileal strictures and their outcomes.
METHODS
A computer-assisted search of the online bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE limited to 1966 to February 2016 was performed. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, observational studies and case reports were considered. Those where data could not be extracted were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles were considered eligible. Pouch-anal strictures have been initially managed using predominately dilators which include bougie and Hegar dilators with various surgical procedures advocated when initial dilatation fails. Mid-pouch strictures are relatively unstudied with both medical, endoscopic and surgical management reported as successful. Pouch inlet strictures can be safely managed using a combined medical and endoscopic approach.
CONCLUSION
The limited evidence available suggests that pouch-anal strictures are best treated in a stepwise fashion with initial treatment to include digital or instrumental dilatation followed by surgical revision or resection. Management of mid-pouch strictures requires a combination of medical, endoscopic and surgical management. Pouch inlet strictures are best managed using a combined medical and endoscopic approach. Future studies should compare different treatment modalities on separate stricture locations to enable an evidenced-based treatment algorithm.
Topics: Colonic Pouches; Constriction, Pathologic; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Dilatation; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Ileum
PubMed: 29155985
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx151 -
Der Pathologe May 2014Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the distal jejunum and ileum derive from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Due to their low proliferation rate and their... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the distal jejunum and ileum derive from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Due to their low proliferation rate and their infiltrative growth, they are often discovered at an advanced disease stage when metastasis has already occurred. The biology of these tumours is different from other NEN of the digestive tract. In order to standardise and improve diagnosis and therapy, the guidelines for the diagnosis and clinical management of jejuno-ileal NEN as well as for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from NEN were revised by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) in 2012. This review focuses on aspects relevant for surgical pathology.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Enterochromaffin Cells; Humans; Ileal Neoplasms; Ileum; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Receptors, Somatostatin
PubMed: 24671468
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-013-1888-5