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Nature Reviews. Immunology Jun 2020Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent... (Review)
Review
Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. This process has been termed 'trained immunity', a de facto innate immune memory. Research in the past decade has pointed to the broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental outcomes in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we define 'trained immunity' as a biological process and discuss the innate stimuli and the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events that shape the induction of trained immunity.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Immune System; Immune System Diseases; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Memory; Inflammation
PubMed: 32132681
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6 -
Seminars in Cancer Biology Dec 2015Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding... (Review)
Review
Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
Topics: Antigen Presentation; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Immune Evasion; Immune Tolerance; Neoplasms; Phytochemicals; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Tumor Escape
PubMed: 25818339
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004 -
Nature Reviews. Immunology Mar 2012Myeloid cells are the most abundant nucleated haematopoietic cells in the human body and are a collection of distinct cell populations with many diverse functions. The... (Review)
Review
Myeloid cells are the most abundant nucleated haematopoietic cells in the human body and are a collection of distinct cell populations with many diverse functions. The three groups of terminally differentiated myeloid cells - macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes - are essential for the normal function of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Mounting evidence indicates that the tumour microenvironment alters myeloid cells and can convert them into potent immunosuppressive cells. Here, we consider myeloid cells as an intricately connected, complex, single system and we focus on how tumours manipulate the myeloid system to evade the host immune response.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Myeloid Cells; Neoplasms
PubMed: 22437938
DOI: 10.1038/nri3175 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Metabolism
PubMed: 30498502
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02678 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2020
Review
Topics: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunotherapy; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 32937048
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1911109 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and disease regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ... (Review)
Review
In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and disease regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ susceptibility to immune-mediated damage. Systemic autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent in females, while cancer shows the opposite pattern. Sex hormones have been repeatedly suggested to play a part in these biases. In this review, we will discuss how androgens and the expression of functional androgen receptor affect immune cells and how this may dampen or alter immune response(s) and affect autoimmune disease incidences and progression.
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Male; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 29755457
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00794 -
Cell Oct 2018Targeting autophagy in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment are current goals of cancer therapy. However, components of canonical autophagy play roles in other...
Targeting autophagy in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment are current goals of cancer therapy. However, components of canonical autophagy play roles in other biological processes, adding complexity to this goal. One such alternative function of autophagy proteins is LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), which functions in phagosome maturation and subsequent signaling events. Here, we show that impairment of LAP in the myeloid compartment, rather than canonical autophagy, induces control of tumor growth by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) upon phagocytosis of dying tumor cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that defects in LAP induce pro-inflammatory gene expression and trigger STING-mediated type I interferon responses in TAM. We found that the anti-tumor effects of LAP impairment require tumor-infiltrating T cells, dependent upon STING and the type I interferon response. Therefore, autophagy proteins in the myeloid cells of the tumor microenvironment contribute to immune suppression of T lymphocytes by effecting LAP.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Cell Line; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Myeloid Cells; Phagocytosis; Phagosomes; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 30245008
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.061 -
Blood Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Factor VIII; Immune Tolerance; Hemophilia A
PubMed: 37079333
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019465 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022
Topics: Humans; Immune Tolerance; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Transplantation Tolerance
PubMed: 35309335
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863148 -
Joint Bone Spine Oct 2021
Topics: Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33962032
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105205