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Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2023Haematocolpos, caused by imperforate hymen, is a rare condition where menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina. Adolescent girls presenting with amenorrhoea, cyclical...
Haematocolpos, caused by imperforate hymen, is a rare condition where menstrual blood accumulates in the vagina. Adolescent girls presenting with amenorrhoea, cyclical abdominal pain, and pelvis mass should be evaluated for this condition. Diagnosis requires a gynaecological examination. However, myths surrounding the hymen may impede proper medical care. Addressing these misconceptions is essential for promoting gynaecological care and ensuring timely evaluation and treatment. This case report emphasises the significance of effective communication in preventing misdiagnoses and care delays.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Hymen; Gynecological Examination; Vagina; Hematocolpos; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 38105732
DOI: No ID Found -
Provincial Medical Journal and... Mar 1843
PubMed: 21379092
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s1-5.127.450-a -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2018
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Congenital Abnormalities; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematocolpos; Humans; Hymen; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 30187850
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... Jun 1998The diagnostic circumstances, clinical features and complementary explorations in hematocolpos are discussed. Hematocolpos due to imperforate hymen is treated by simple... (Review)
Review
The diagnostic circumstances, clinical features and complementary explorations in hematocolpos are discussed. Hematocolpos due to imperforate hymen is treated by simple star incision protecting the Bartholin gland orifices to separate the hymen and the meatus. Hematocolpos resulting from duplex uterus with a blind hemivagina is more difficult to treat. Systematic screening at birth and treatment during infancy is proposed to prevent the development of hematocolpos at puberty.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Genitalia, Female; Hematocolpos; Humans; Hymen; Infant, Newborn; Neonatal Screening
PubMed: 9690158
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Oct 2022A 12-year-old female with primary amenorrhea presented to the emergency department with episodic low back pain, suprapubic discomfort, and acute urinary retention. A...
A 12-year-old female with primary amenorrhea presented to the emergency department with episodic low back pain, suprapubic discomfort, and acute urinary retention. A protruding purple mass was noted at the vaginal introitus consistent with an imperforate hymen. Point-of-care bedside transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a distended uterus containing hypoechoic material. The patient underwent formal pelvic ultrasonography, which revealed a markedly enlarged uterus containing a large number of blood products, thinned myometrium, and a distended vaginal canal consistent with hematometrocolpos secondary to imperforate hymen. Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital anomaly of the female urogenital tract, in which the hymen obstructs the vaginal opening causing a vaginal outlet obstruction. Vaginal outlet obstruction secondary to imperforate hymen may lead to retrograde menstruation with a collection of blood within the uterus and vagina, which is termed hematometrocolpos. Treatment is based on identifying and treating the underlying imperforate hymen with surgical approaches. The growing use of bedside ultrasonography allows the clinician to rapidly and accurately diagnose hematometrocolpos. The use of point-of-care bedside ultrasonography can serve as an essential tool as delayed diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition are associated with significant morbidity and lifelong infertility.
PubMed: 36415362
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30525 -
Disease Models & Mechanisms Mar 2024Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 1 (MAP3K1) has a plethora of cell type-specific functions not yet fully understood. Herein, we describe a role for MAP3K1 in female...
Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 1 (MAP3K1) has a plethora of cell type-specific functions not yet fully understood. Herein, we describe a role for MAP3K1 in female reproductive tract (FRT) development. MAP3K1 kinase domain-deficient female mice exhibited an imperforate vagina, labor failure and infertility. These defects corresponded with shunted Müllerian ducts (MDs), the embryonic precursors of FRT, that manifested as a contorted caudal vagina and abrogated vaginal-urogenital sinus fusion in neonates. The MAP3K1 kinase domain is required for optimal activation of the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and cell polarity in the MD epithelium, and for upregulation of WNT signaling in the mesenchyme surrounding the caudal MD. The MAP3K1-deficient epithelial cells and MD epithelium had reduced expression of WNT7B ligands. Correspondingly, conditioned media derived from MAP3K1-competent, but not -deficient, epithelial cells activated a TCF/Lef-luciferase reporter in fibroblasts. These observations indicate that MAP3K1 regulates MD caudal elongation and FRT development, in part through the induction of paracrine factors in the epithelium that trans-activate WNT signaling in the mesenchyme.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Vagina; Wnt Signaling Pathway; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1
PubMed: 38501211
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050669 -
Pediatric Surgery International Nov 2014The anorectal and urogenital systems arise from a common embryonic structure termed cloaca. Subsequent development leads to the division/septation of the cloaca into the... (Review)
Review
The anorectal and urogenital systems arise from a common embryonic structure termed cloaca. Subsequent development leads to the division/septation of the cloaca into the urethra, urinary bladder, vagina, anal canal, and rectum. Defective cloacal development and the resulting anorectal and urogenital malformations are some of the most severe congenital anomalies encountered in children. In the most severe form in females, the rectum, vagina, and urethra fail to develop separately and drain via a single common channel known as a cloaca into the perineum. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of embryonic cloaca development and malformation, and compare them to what has already been described in the literature. We describe the use of mouse models of cloaca malformation to understand which signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms are involved in the process of normal cloaca development. We also discuss the embryological correlation of the epithelial and stromal histology found in step sections of the common channel in 14 human cloaca malformations. Finally, we highlight the significance of these findings, compare them to prior studies, and discuss their implications for the pediatric surgeons. Understanding and identifying the molecular basis for cloaca malformation could provide foundation for tissue engineering efforts that in the future would reflect better surgical reconstruction and improved quality of life for patients.
Topics: Anal Canal; Animals; Anorectal Malformations; Anus, Imperforate; Cloaca; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Pregnancy; Rectum; Urogenital Abnormalities
PubMed: 25217828
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3593-8 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Aug 2021Hemato/hydrocolpos due to congenital urogenital anomalies are rare conditions discovered in neonatal, infant, and adolescent girls. Diagnosis is often missed or delayed... (Review)
Review
Hemato/hydrocolpos due to congenital urogenital anomalies are rare conditions discovered in neonatal, infant, and adolescent girls. Diagnosis is often missed or delayed owing to its rare incidence and nonspecific symptoms. If early correct diagnosis and treatment cannot be performed, late complications such as tubal adhesion, pelvic endometriosis, and infertility may develop. Congenital urogenital anomalies causing hemato/hydrocolpos are mainly of four types: imperforate hymen, distal vaginal agenesis, transverse vaginal septum, and obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly, and clinicians should have adequate knowledge about these anomalies. This article aimed to review the diagnosis and treatment of these urogenital anomalies by describing embryology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical management, and postoperative outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hydrocolpos; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Urogenital Abnormalities; Vagina
PubMed: 33840015
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01115-7 -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Aug 2023The study of hymen morphology and injuries is critical in forensic medicine, particularly in Iraq and other Asian countries. Problems with the hymen can have serious...
BACKGROUND
The study of hymen morphology and injuries is critical in forensic medicine, particularly in Iraq and other Asian countries. Problems with the hymen can have serious social consequences.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to shed light on various hymen's variants, as well as the possible causes of their injuries and their medicolegal significance.
METHOD
This study was carried out at Baghdad's medico-legal directorate (M.L.D.) from January 1st to March 31st, 2017. There were 127 cases in total. They ranged in age from two to sixty. The morphology of the hymens, their injuries, and other relevant details were documented using a specific questionnaire.
RESULTS
Compared to other varied examinations undertaken, such as infertility, impotence, and others, the examination of the hymen made up (5.1%) of all examinations conducted in the Medico-Legal Directorate (M.L.D.) clinic in Baghdad. The majority of the women tested were over the age of 14. The annular hymen was the most common variant (57.3%). The elastic hymens percentage was 14.6% while the Imperforated variant had the lowest prevalence (0.8%). The majority of the properties of the examined hymens were smooth free edge, medium consistency, and medium sized hymen opening. The majority of the cases involved female children (prepubertal girls) who were accidently injured, followed by sexual assaults and wedding night doubts. The majority of hymen tears (40.2%) were old. Multiple tears (47.5%) outnumbered single tears (37.3%). Fresh tears were only observed in adult girls.
CONCLUSION
The annular variant of the smooth free edge, average consistency, and average hole size is the most common hymens. The elastic hymens were a main reason for the referral of cases for medical examination due to wedding night doubts. In more than half of the cases, the hymens were smooth with no transection or deep notches.
Topics: Adult; Child; Male; Humans; Female; Hymen; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Asia; Emotions; Erectile Dysfunction
PubMed: 37619303
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102579