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Anesthesiology May 2020
Review
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Sepsis
PubMed: 32044801
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003122 -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Nov 2019
Review
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Sepsis; Thrombophilia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31410983
DOI: 10.1111/jth.14578 -
International Journal of Hematology Jan 2021Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common and life-threatening complication in sepsis. Sepsis-associated DIC is recognized as the systemic activation in... (Review)
Review
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common and life-threatening complication in sepsis. Sepsis-associated DIC is recognized as the systemic activation in coagulation with suppressed fibrinolysis that leads to organ dysfunction in combination with systemic intravascular inflammation. In this process, thrombin contributes a key role in connecting both coagulation and inflammation. Endothelial injury, a result of sepsis, causes DIC due to the effect of multiple activated factors that include neutrophils, platelets, and damage-associated molecular patterns. Recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiology have made it possible to diagnose sepsis-associated DIC at earlier timing with better accuracy. However, progress in the treatment is still limited, and new therapeutics for sepsis-associated DIC are needed.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Early Diagnosis; Endothelial Cells; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Inflammation; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Sepsis; Thrombin
PubMed: 33386597
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03053-y -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022Thymomas are derived from the epithelial component of the thymus and constitute the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. These neoplasms are considered...
Thymomas are derived from the epithelial component of the thymus and constitute the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. These neoplasms are considered malignant for their potential for invasion and metastases. Several histopathologic subclassification schemes have been proposed over the years, however, correlation of histotypes with prognosis remains controversial. In contrast, studies invariably have shown that staging and resection status correlate with oncologic behavior and disease outcomes. In this regard, several staging systems have been presented, though transcapsular invasion and degree of involvement of adjacent anatomic structures are common denominators of all schemes. Involvement of the great vessels and heart most commonly results from direct invasion, which may lead to unusual clinical presentations such as superior vena cava syndrome. Moreover, intravascular and intracardiac growth with or without direct mural invasion rarely occurs. We provide an overview of thymomas with intravascular and intracardiac involvement.
PubMed: 35814455
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881553 -
Aging and Disease Feb 2022Blood vessels are one of the most essential organs, which nourish all tissues in our body. Once there are intravascular plaques or vascular occlusion, other organs and... (Review)
Review
Blood vessels are one of the most essential organs, which nourish all tissues in our body. Once there are intravascular plaques or vascular occlusion, other organs and circulatory systems will not work properly. Therefore, it is necessary to detect abnormal blood vessels by intravascular imaging technologies for subsequent vascular treatment. The emergence of lasers and fiber optics promotes the development of intravascular imaging and treatment. Laser imaging techniques can obtain deep vascular images owing to light scattering and absorption properties. Moreover, photothermal and photomechanical effects of laser make it possible to treat vascular diseases accurately. In this review, we present the research progress and applications of laser techniques in intravascular imaging and treatment. Firstly, we introduce intravascular optical coherent tomography and intravascular photoacoustic imaging, which can obtain various information of plaques. Multimodal intravascular imaging techniques provide more information about intravascular plaques, which have an essential influence on intravascular imaging. Secondly, two laser techniques including laser angioplasty and endovenous laser ablation are discussed for the treatment of arterial and venous diseases, respectively. Finally, the outlook of laser techniques in blood vessels, as well as the integration of laser imaging and treatment are prospected in the section of discussions.
PubMed: 35111372
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2021.0711 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Despite their humble origins as anuclear fragments of megakaryocytes, platelets have emerged as versatile mediators of thrombosis and immunity. The diverse spectrum of... (Review)
Review
Despite their humble origins as anuclear fragments of megakaryocytes, platelets have emerged as versatile mediators of thrombosis and immunity. The diverse spectrum of platelet functions are on full display during the host response to severe infection and sepsis, with platelets taking center-stage in the intravascular immune response to blood-borne pathogens. Platelets are endowed with a comprehensive armamentarium of pathogen detection systems that enable them to function as sentinels in the bloodstream for rapid identification of microbial invasion. Through both autonomous anti-microbial effector functions and collaborations with other innate immune cells, platelets orchestrate a complex intravascular immune defense system that protects against bacterial dissemination. As with any powerful immune defense system, dysregulation of platelet-mediated intravascular immunity can lead to profound collateral damage to host cells and tissues, resulting in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. In this article, the cellular and molecular contributions of platelets to intravascular immune defenses in sepsis will be reviewed, including the roles of platelets in surveillance of the microcirculation and elicitation of protective anti-bacterial responses. Mechanisms of platelet-mediated thromboinflammatory organ dysfunction will be explored, with linkages to clinical biomarkers of platelet homeostasis that aid in the diagnosis and prognostication of human sepsis. Lastly, we discuss novel therapeutic opportunities that take advantage of our evolving understanding of platelets and intravascular immunity in severe infection.
Topics: Bacteria; Blood Platelets; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Sepsis; Thrombosis
PubMed: 31681291
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02400 -
Respiratory Care Apr 2022Acute respiratory failure with inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation is a common reason for ICU admission in children and adults. Despite the morbidity and mortality... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory failure with inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation is a common reason for ICU admission in children and adults. Despite the morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory failure, few proven treatment options exist beyond invasive ventilation. Attempts to develop intravascular respiratory assist catheters capable of providing clinically important gas exchange have had limited success. Only one device, the IVOX catheter, was tested in human clinical trials before development was halted without FDA approval. Overcoming the technical challenges associated with providing safe and effective gas exchange within the confines of the intravascular space remains a daunting task for physicians and engineers. It requires a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of gas transport and respiratory physiology to optimize the design for a successful device. This article reviews the potential benefits of such respiratory assist catheters, considerations for device design, previous attempts at intravascular gas exchange, and the motivation for continued development efforts.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Humans; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiration; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 35338096
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.09288 -
International Journal of Hematology Jan 2021
Topics: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Humans
PubMed: 33159644
DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03030-5 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Intravascular lymphomas are rare disease conditions that exhibit neoplastic lymphoid cells that are confined mainly to the lumens of small capillaries and medium-sized... (Review)
Review
Intravascular lymphomas are rare disease conditions that exhibit neoplastic lymphoid cells that are confined mainly to the lumens of small capillaries and medium-sized vessels. The majority of the intravascular lymphomas are of B-cell origin, but they can include NK/T-cell and CD30+ immunophenotypes. In the histologic differential diagnosis are benign proliferations such as intralymphatic histiocytosis and intravascular atypical CD30+ T-cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular findings of intravascular B-cell lymphoma, intravascular NK/T-cell lymphoma, intralymphatic histiocytosis, and benign atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation.
PubMed: 38611591
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070679 -
Interventional Cardiology (London,... Nov 2019Calcified lesions often mean percutaneous intervention results are suboptimal and increase the risk of procedural complications and future adverse events. Available... (Review)
Review
Calcified lesions often mean percutaneous intervention results are suboptimal and increase the risk of procedural complications and future adverse events. Available plaque-modifying devices rely on tissue compression or debulking, with the intention of fracturing calcium and facilitating optimal stent deployment. In contrast, coronary intravascular lithotripsy delivers unfocused, circumferential, pulsatile mechanical energy to safely disrupt the calcium within the target lesion. The present review summarises the evidence available so far on this therapy and includes a practical description of the components and function of the Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy System (Shockwave Medical).
PubMed: 31867065
DOI: 10.15420/icr.2019.18.R1