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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and radish contain isothiocyanates exhibiting chemoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. This research aimed to assess the...
Isothiocyanate-Rich Extracts from Cauliflower ( Var. Botrytis) and Radish () Inhibited Metabolic Activity and Induced ROS in Selected Human HCT116 and HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells.
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and radish contain isothiocyanates exhibiting chemoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. This research aimed to assess the impact of cauliflower (CIE) and radish (RIE) isothiocyanate extracts on the metabolic activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and LDH production of selected human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT-29 for early and late colon cancer development, respectively). Non-cancerous colon cells (CCD-33Co) were used as a cytotoxicity control. The CIE samples displayed the highest allyl isothiocyanate (AITC: 12.55 µg/g) contents, whereas RIE was the most abundant in benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC: 15.35 µg/g). Both extracts effectively inhibited HCT116 and HT-29 metabolic activity, but the CIE impact was higher than that of RIE on HCT116 (IC: 0.56 mg/mL). Assays using the half-inhibitory concentrations (IC) of all treatments, including AITC and BITC, displayed increased ( < 0.05) LDH (absorbance: 0.25-0.40 nm) and ROS release (1190-1697 relative fluorescence units) in both cell lines. BITC showed the highest in silico binding affinity with all the tested colorectal cancer molecular markers (NF-kB, β-catenin, and NRF2-NFE2). The theoretical evaluation of AITC and BITC bioavailability showed high values for both compounds. The results indicate that CIE and RIE extracts display chemopreventive effects in vitro, but additional experiments are needed to validate their effects.
Topics: Humans; Raphanus; Brassica; Reactive Oxygen Species; Botrytis; Isothiocyanates; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36429638
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214919 -
Seminars in Oncology Feb 2016With the properties of efficacy, safety, tolerability, practicability and low cost, foods containing bioactive phytochemicals are gaining significant attention as... (Review)
Review
With the properties of efficacy, safety, tolerability, practicability and low cost, foods containing bioactive phytochemicals are gaining significant attention as elements of chemoprevention strategies against cancer. Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane], a naturally occurring isothiocyanate produced by cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, is found to be a highly promising chemoprevention agent against not only a variety of cancers such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, stomach or bladder, but also cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. For reasons of experimental exigency, preclinical studies have focused principally on sulforaphane itself, while clinical studies have relied on broccoli sprout preparations rich in either sulforaphane or its biogenic precursor, glucoraphanin. Substantive subsequent evaluation of sulforaphane pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been undertaken using either pure compound or food matrices. Sulforaphane affects multiple targets in cells. One key molecular mechanism of action for sulforaphane entails activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway although other actions contribute to the broad spectrum of efficacy in different animal models. This review summarizes the current status of pre-clinical chemoprevention studies with sulforaphane and highlights the progress and challenges for the application of foods rich in sulforaphane and/or glucoraphanin in the arena of clinical chemoprevention.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Brassica; Chemoprevention; Glucosinolates; Humans; Imidoesters; Isothiocyanates; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Neoplasms; Oximes; Signal Transduction; Sulfoxides; Vegetables
PubMed: 26970133
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.013 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in...
Allyl isothiocyanate mitigates airway inflammation and constriction in a house dust mite-induced allergic asthma model via upregulation of tight junction proteins and the TRPA1 modulation.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been associated with insufficient vegetable intake. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural isothiocyanate found in cruciferous plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effect of AITC on tracheal constriction in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma animal model, and explore the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the effects of AITC on HDM-induced allergic asthma model, established by intranasally administering extracts of HDM and AITC or DEX was given orally for four weeks. Flexivent SCIREQ, H&E staining, ELISA were employed to evaluate the lung function and the cytokine secretion. Possible mechanisms were determined by Western blot. Rat tracheae contraction was measured by Labscribe. We utilized lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to assess the adhesion response to the combination of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-4. The results of the study showed that AITC significantly reduced tracheal constriction in ex vivo experiments and improved lung function in in vivo experiments compared to HDM-induced mice. Additionally, AITC decreased cytokine secretion, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, and constriction-related proteins expression in both lung and tracheae. Moreover, AITC increased tight junction-related protein expression in lung tissues. In vitro experiments showed that AITC had a protective effect through TRPA1 channel without affecting cell viability. Our results demonstrate that AITC has potential anti-asthma effects in HDM-induced asthma models by alleviating airway inflammation and airway constriction through increasing tight junction-related protein expression and suppressing Ca signaling. These findings suggest that AITC may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in asthma treatment.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Mice; Pyroglyphidae; Up-Regulation; Constriction; Isothiocyanates; Asthma; Constriction, Pathologic; Inflammation
PubMed: 37634475
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115334 -
Oncology Research Sep 2020Natural products are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of traditional, complementary, and alternative systems due to their potency and slight side effects.... (Review)
Review
Natural products are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of traditional, complementary, and alternative systems due to their potency and slight side effects. Natural compounds have been shown to be effective against many human diseases, especially cancers. Sulforaphane (SFE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the antitumor effect of SFE. The roles of SFE in cancers are mainly through the regulation of potential biomarkers to activate or inhibit related signaling pathways. SFE has exhibited promising inhibitory effects on breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and other malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the reports on the activity and functional mechanisms of SFE in cancer treatment and explored the efficacy and toxicity of SFE.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Raphanus; Signal Transduction; Sulfoxides
PubMed: 32111265
DOI: 10.3727/096504020X15828892654385 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2019Introduction: the incidence and prevalence of cancer disease is growing in the last years, cancer is currently the second cause of death in Spain. For years nutrition... (Review)
Review
Introduction: the incidence and prevalence of cancer disease is growing in the last years, cancer is currently the second cause of death in Spain. For years nutrition has been linked with cancer as etiologic factor, but evidence levels are poorer than expected. With science advances, epigenetic have became a large field in nutrition to try to find solid relationships between nutrition and cancer development. Objectives: this paper reviews the scientific evidence and the possible links between cancer etiology and nutrition. Methods: bibliographic review and selection of the most relevant studies found. Results and discussion: there is a relationship between nutrition and epigenetic modifications that can cause or prevent different types of cancer, by knowing those alterations we will be able to perform some primary prevention strategies trying to reduce cancer incidence. There is evidence that folates, polyphenols, selenium, isothiocyanates and Vitamin D, among others, can be related with cancer development. With a growing knowledge on the relationship between cancer, nutrition and epigenetics we will have the opportunity to use it as an important protective factor for the general population.
Topics: Diet; Epigenesis, Genetic; Folic Acid; Humans; Incidence; Isothiocyanates; Neoplasms; Polyphenols; Prevalence; Selenium; Spain; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 31368338
DOI: 10.20960/nh.02810 -
Nutrients Mar 2024Isothiocyanates are biologically active products resulting from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates predominantly present in cruciferous vegetables belonging to the... (Review)
Review
Isothiocyanates are biologically active products resulting from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates predominantly present in cruciferous vegetables belonging to the family. Numerous studies have demonstrated the diverse bioactivities of various isothiocyanates, encompassing anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Nature harbors distinct isothiocyanate precursors, glucosinolates such as glucoraphanin and gluconastrin, each characterized by unique structures, physical properties, and pharmacological potentials. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the current understanding of isothiocyanates, mainly 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate), comparing this compound with other well-studied isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane and phenyl ethyl isothiocyanates. The focus is directed toward elucidating differences and similarities in the efficacy of these compounds as agents with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties.
Topics: Glucosinolates; Brassicaceae; Isothiocyanates; Antioxidants; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents
PubMed: 38542669
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060757 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Feb 2015Moringa oleifera Lam. is a fast-growing, tropical tree with various edible parts used as nutritious food and traditional medicine. This study describes an efficient...
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a fast-growing, tropical tree with various edible parts used as nutritious food and traditional medicine. This study describes an efficient preparatory strategy to extract and fractionate moringa leaves by fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) to produce polyphenol and isothiocyanate (ITC) rich fractions. Characterization and further purification of these fractions showed that moringa polyphenols were potent direct antioxidants assayed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), whereas moringa ITCs were effective indirect antioxidants assayed by induction of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells. In addition, purified 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate and 4-[(4'-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate were further evaluated for their ORAC and NQO1 inducer potency in comparison with sulforaphane (SF). Both ITCs were as potent as SF in inducing NQO1 activity. These findings suggest that moringa leaves contain a potent mixture of direct and indirect antioxidants that can explain its various health-promoting effects.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Isothiocyanates; Mice; Moringa oleifera; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Plant Extracts; Polyphenols
PubMed: 25605589
DOI: 10.1021/jf505014n -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2022Because cancer is a multifactorial disease, it is difficult to identify the specific agents responsible for the disease's progression and development, but lifestyle and... (Review)
Review
Because cancer is a multifactorial disease, it is difficult to identify the specific agents responsible for the disease's progression and development, but lifestyle and diet have been shown to play a significant role. Diverse natural compounds are demonstrating efficacy in the development of novel cancer therapies, including sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane), a compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that promotes key biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and suppression of key signalling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer cells. However, one of the primary challenges with sulforaphane treatment is its low solubility in water and oral bioavailability. As a consequence, several investigations were conducted using this component complexed in nanoparticles, which resulted in superior outcomes when combined with chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we discuss the properties and benefits of sulforaphane in cancer therapy, as well as its ability to form complexes with nanomolecules and chemotherapeutic agents that synergize the antitumour response in breast cancer cells.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Nanomedicine; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Thiocyanates; Isothiocyanates; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Butanes; Water
PubMed: 36295538
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101377 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021In complex foods, bioactive secondary plant metabolites (SPM) can bind to food proteins. Especially when being covalently bound, such modifications can alter the...
In complex foods, bioactive secondary plant metabolites (SPM) can bind to food proteins. Especially when being covalently bound, such modifications can alter the structure and, thus, the functional and biological properties of the proteins. Additionally, the bioactivity of the SPM can be affected as well. Consequently, knowledge of the influence of chemical modifications on these properties is particularly important for food processing, food safety, and nutritional physiology. As a model, the molecular structure of conjugates between the bioactive metabolite benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC, a hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin) and the whey protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) was investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy, anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering. Free amino groups were determined before and after the BITC conjugation. Finally, mass spectrometric analysis of the BITC-α-LA protein hydrolysates was performed. As a result of the chemical modifications, a change in the secondary structure of α-LA and an increase in surface hydrophobicity and hydrodynamic radii were documented. BITC modification at the ε-amino group of certain lysine side chains inhibited tryptic hydrolysis. Furthermore, two BITC-modified amino acids were identified, located at two lysine side chains (K32 and K113) in the amino acid sequence of α-LA.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Circular Dichroism; Food Handling; Food Safety; Humans; Hydrodynamics; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Isothiocyanates; Lactalbumin; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Peptide Fragments; Protein Stability; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proteolysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34684828
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206247 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2018Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to... (Review)
Review
Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to the synthesis of more than 200 types of GSLs in Brassicaceae. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemoprotectives produced as the hydrolyzed product of GSLs by enzyme myrosinase. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane ([1-isothioyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl) butane], SFN) are potential ITCs with efficient therapeutic properties. Beneficial role of BITC, PEITC and SFN was widely studied against various cancers such as breast, brain, blood, bone, colon, gastric, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, prostate and so forth. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor limits the tumor progression. Induction of ARE (antioxidant responsive element) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated pathway by Nrf2 controls the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB has a double edged role in the immune system. NF-κB induced during inflammatory is essential for an acute immune process. Meanwhile, hyper activation of NF-κB transcription factors was witnessed in the tumor cells. Antagonistic activity of BITC, PEITC and SFN against cancer was related with the direct/indirect interaction with Nrf2 and NF-κB protein. All three ITCs able to disrupts Nrf2-Keap1 complex and translocate Nrf2 into the nucleus. BITC have the affinity to inhibit the NF-κB than SFN due to the presence of additional benzyl structure. This review will give the overview on chemo preventive of ITCs against several types of cancer cell lines. We have also discussed the molecular interaction(s) of the antagonistic effect of BITC, PEITC and SFN with Nrf2 and NF-κB to prevent cancer.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Biomarkers; Chemoprevention; Glucosinolates; Humans; Isothiocyanates; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Neoplasms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Vegetables
PubMed: 30445746
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112983