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Journal of Consulting and Clinical... Dec 2022The prevention of delinquency can have long-term benefits for both the individual and society. Previous work has demonstrated positive effects of Treatment Foster Care... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The prevention of delinquency can have long-term benefits for both the individual and society. Previous work has demonstrated positive effects of Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) on reducing delinquency across a 2-year period for adolescent females involved in the juvenile justice system. The present study examined whether the effects of TFCO are present across a 10-year period, and whether criminal offenses accrued in the juvenile justice system mediate the association between intervention condition and cumulative criminal offenses through emerging adulthood.
METHOD
The sample included 166 women (68% non-Hispanic White) who had been court mandated to out-of-home care as adolescents, randomly assigned to one of two interventions, and followed for an average of 10 years. Juvenile (< 18 years of age) and adult criminal records data were collected and coded for offense severity.
RESULTS
Analyses revealed a significant effect of the TFCO intervention on cumulative criminal offense charge severity across the 10-year follow-up period (β = -.15, < .05). This effect was mediated by offense charges that occurred after the baseline assessment and prior to Age 18, as shown through a significant indirect effect, β = -.09, < .05, suggesting the importance of reductions in juvenile delinquency on later criminal offending.
CONCLUSIONS
Intensive out-of-home interventions that reduce juvenile offenses for youth with chronic delinquency may have sustained effects on adult criminality. Implications for prevention programs for female adolescents are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Oregon; Criminals; Juvenile Delinquency
PubMed: 36326664
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000764 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Aug 2019This research explores the mediational role of mental health in the relationship between early adverse experiences and current self-reported delinquency in young adults...
This research explores the mediational role of mental health in the relationship between early adverse experiences and current self-reported delinquency in young adults with past juvenile justice involvement. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010/2011 filled out our protocol in 2014/2015 including the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the D-CRIM questionnaire (evaluating delinquency). The global level of adverse experiences during childhood and adolescence was related to mental health problems and self-reported delinquency in young adulthood, while psychopathological symptoms were also related to current self-reported delinquency. The mental health indicator partially mediated the link between early adversity and current self-reported offending in individuals with past juvenile justice involvement. Our results are in line with previous psychological and neurobiological approaches and highlight the importance of mental health services in youth offender rehabilitation. Future directions for research are provided.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Criminals; Female; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Risk Factors; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31389529
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.27142017 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2015to determine the incidence and associations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance abuse disorder (SAD) in adolescents...
OBJECTIVE
to determine the incidence and associations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance abuse disorder (SAD) in adolescents in conflict with the law in a Brazilian cohort.
METHODS
the Brazilian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged-Children (K-SADS-PL) was administered to 69 adolescent boys who were incarcerated for 45 days in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.
RESULTS
mean age was 15.5 years (range, 12-16.9 years) and most adolescents originated from disadvantaged social classes (87%). They resided in neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city or towns in the greater metropolitan area. Truancy and low educational achievement were common, with 73.9% not currently attending school and 43.4% not having finished the 5th grade. The great majority lived in single-parent families and many had relatives who themselves had problems with the law. Psychiatric disorders were apparent in 81.1% of the subjects, with the most common disorders being CD (59.4%), SAD (53.6%), and ADHD (43.5%). Both ADHD (p <0.001) and CD (p <0.01) had significant associations with substance abuse.
CONCLUSION
in male adolescents in conflict with the law, ADHD, CD, and SAD were all found to be associated with delinquency.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brazil; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Conduct Disorder; Humans; Incidence; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 25909209
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.01.051 -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Nov 2017The U.S. Department of Justice has called for the creation of trauma-informed juvenile justice systems in order to combat the negative impact of trauma on youth... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The U.S. Department of Justice has called for the creation of trauma-informed juvenile justice systems in order to combat the negative impact of trauma on youth offenders and frontline staff. Definitions of trauma-informed care have been proposed for various service systems, yet there is not currently a widely accepted definition for juvenile justice. The current systematic review examined published definitions of a trauma-informed juvenile justice system in an effort to identify the most commonly named core elements and specific interventions or policies.
METHOD
A systematic literature search was conducted in 10 databases to identify publications that defined trauma-informed care or recommended specific practices or policies for the juvenile justice system.
RESULTS
We reviewed 950 unique records, of which 10 met criteria for inclusion. The 10 publications included 71 different recommended interventions or policies that reflected 10 core domains of trauma-informed practice. We found 8 specific practice or policy recommendations with relative consensus, including staff training on trauma and trauma-specific treatment, while most recommendations were included in 2 or less definitions.
CONCLUSION
The extant literature offers relative consensus around the core domains of a trauma-informed juvenile justice system, but much less agreement on the specific practices and policies. A logical next step is a review of the empirical research to determine which practices or policies produce positive impacts on outcomes for youth, staff, and the broader agency environment, which will help refine the core definitional elements that comprise a unified theory of trauma-informed practice for juvenile justice. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Social Justice; Violence
PubMed: 28165266
DOI: 10.1037/tra0000255 -
Do adolescent delinquency and problem drinking share psychosocial risk factors? A literature review.Addictive Behaviors Apr 2013Despite the prevalence and damaging effects of adolescent problem drinking, relative to delinquency, far less research has focused on drinking using an integrated... (Review)
Review
Despite the prevalence and damaging effects of adolescent problem drinking, relative to delinquency, far less research has focused on drinking using an integrated theoretical approach. The aim of the current research was to review existing literature on psychosocial risk factors for delinquency and problem drinking, and explore whether integrating elements of social learning theory with an established psychosocial control theory of delinquency could explain adolescent problem drinking. We reviewed 71 studies published post-1990 with particular focus on articles that empirically researched risk factors for adolescent problem drinking and delinquency in separate and concurrent studies and meta-analytic reviews. We found shared risk factors for adolescent delinquency and problem drinking that are encompassed by an extension of psychosocial control theory. The potential of an extended psychosocial control theory providing a parsimonious theoretical approach to explaining delinquency, problem drinking and other adolescent problem behaviours, along with suggestions for future investigations, is discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Risk Factors; Social Environment
PubMed: 23384453
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.12.004 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Oct 2008Over the past decade, the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has provided a bewildering wealth of data (more than 70... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has provided a bewildering wealth of data (more than 70 peer-reviewed articles) addressing treatment-related questions for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the take-home messages for clinicians may not always be clear. Therefore, this article reviews key findings, including relative benefits of medication and behavioral treatments, long-term effects at 2 and 3 years, treatment mediators and moderators, preliminary delinquency and substance use outcomes, and growth suppression related to stimulant use. Appropriate interpretations of the findings and their limitations are discussed, and recommendations for clinical practice are derived.
Topics: Achievement; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Behavior Therapy; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Community Mental Health Services; Comorbidity; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Social Adjustment; Socialization; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18803917
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-008-0068-4 -
Journal of Adolescence Apr 2020Adolescent-to-parent violence/aggression (APV/A) is an understudied yet increasingly common social problem for adolescents and families, particularly those involved in...
INTRODUCTION
Adolescent-to-parent violence/aggression (APV/A) is an understudied yet increasingly common social problem for adolescents and families, particularly those involved in the juvenile justice system. The current study focused on improving interventions for this population by gathering qualitative data from stakeholders to inform treatment targets.
METHODS
Participants (N = 23) comprised of court professionals (n = 7), parents/guardians (n = 9), and their male adolescent children (n = 7) in the United States. Parent and adolescent participants were recruited through monthly court-mandated domestic violence education classes offered by the juvenile court. Parent/guardian participants were between the ages of 38 and 77 and consisted of four males and five females. Adolescents were between the ages of 14 and 17. Court professional participants consisted of judges, probation officers, and court psychologists. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory.
RESULTS
Results indicated that, from the perspective of key stakeholders, an effective intervention to reduce APV/A likely involves a two-pronged approach: (1) address specific and theoretically modifiable emotional, behavioral, and psychological factors at the adolescent-level; and (2) induce change in the family system by addressing environmental barriers to seeking treatment and by creating positive family relationships.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study aimed to gather the perspectives of court professionals, adolescents, and parents/guardians regarding the development of an effective intervention for APV/A-involved families. This study represents the first step toward the development of a feasible, acceptable, sustainable, and effective intervention for adolescents and their families who are involved in the juvenile justice system due to APV/A.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Aged; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Middle Aged; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Perception
PubMed: 32224307
DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.015 -
Addictive Behaviors Apr 2020Adolescents in the criminal justice system, called justice-involved children (JIC), are particularly vulnerable in the modern opioid misuse (OM) epidemic. After release,...
AIM
Adolescents in the criminal justice system, called justice-involved children (JIC), are particularly vulnerable in the modern opioid misuse (OM) epidemic. After release, relapse and overdose occur at higher rates than the general population. The current study assesses optimism and likelihood of P30D consumption of non-prescription or illicit opioids among JIC.
METHODS
The study examines a sample of 79,960 JIC from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Multivariate logistic regression was employed, controlling for gender, race, family income, age, history of mental problems, history of depression, and county of residence.
RESULTS
JIC who reported very low optimism on the final screen had over 8 times the odds of meeting criteria for P30D OM compared to those with high optimism while adjusting for covariates.
CONCLUSIONS
Further research is needed to understand the potential for optimism to serve as a protective factor. Optimism can be developed, and therefore can possibly be incorporated to design novel interventions or integrated into empirically validated treatment programs to precipitate uptake.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Florida; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Optimism; Protective Factors
PubMed: 31838447
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106226 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Mar 2009Changes in the family structure can be very disruptive to adolescents who live in those families. This article examines the impact of the number of family transitions on...
Changes in the family structure can be very disruptive to adolescents who live in those families. This article examines the impact of the number of family transitions on delinquent and drug-using behavior. Specifically, the effect of family transitions is hypothesized to be mediated by problems within the family, school, and peer settings. A sample of 646 boys (73%) and girls (27%) taken from a longitudinal panel study of high-risk adolescents are used to examine these hypotheses. For girls, little support is found for the direct or the indirect effect of family transitions on delinquent behavior or drug use. For boys, however, both forms of problem behavior are influenced by family transitions directly and indirectly through changes in, and problems with, peer associations. The findings suggest that during times of family turmoil, the friendship network of adolescent male children is also disrupted, leading to an increase in associations with delinquent others and, in turn, an increase in problematic behaviors.
Topics: Adolescent; Family Characteristics; Family Conflict; Female; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Least-Squares Analysis; Life Change Events; Longitudinal Studies; Male; New York; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 19636758
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-008-9366-8 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2014A better understanding of what leads youth to initially engage in antisocial behavior (ASB) and more importantly persist with such behaviors into adulthood has... (Review)
Review
A better understanding of what leads youth to initially engage in antisocial behavior (ASB) and more importantly persist with such behaviors into adulthood has significant implications for prevention and intervention efforts. A considerable number of studies using behavioral and neuroimaging techniques have investigated abnormalities in reward and punishment processing as potential causal mechanisms underlying ASB. However, this literature has yet to be critically evaluated, and there are no comprehensive reviews that systematically examine and synthesize these findings. The goal of the present review is twofold. The first aim is to examine the extent to which youth with ASB are characterized by abnormalities in (1) reward processing; (2) punishment processing; or (3) both reward and punishment processing. The second aim is to evaluate whether aberrant reward and/or punishment processing is specific to or most pronounced in a subgroup of antisocial youth with psychopathic features. Studies utilizing behavioral methods are first reviewed, followed by studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging. An integration of theory and research across multiple levels of analysis is presented in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of reward and punishment processing in antisocial youth. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental and contextual considerations, proposed future directions and implications for intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Child; Humans; Juvenile Delinquency; Punishment; Reward
PubMed: 24357109
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-013-0159-6