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Nutrients Jun 2019Lactobacilli are among the most common microorganisms found in kefir; a traditional fermented milk beverage produced locally in many locations around the world. Kefir... (Review)
Review
Lactobacilli are among the most common microorganisms found in kefir; a traditional fermented milk beverage produced locally in many locations around the world. Kefir has been associated with a wide range of purported health benefits; such as antimicrobial activity; cholesterol metabolism; immunomodulation; anti-oxidative effects; anti-diabetic effects; anti-allergenic effects; and tumor suppression. This review critically examines and assesses these claimed benefits and mechanisms with regard to particular Lactobacillus species and/or strains that have been derived from kefir; as well as detailing further potential avenues for experimentation.
Topics: Humans; Kefir; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Species Specificity
PubMed: 31159409
DOI: 10.3390/nu11061252 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2021It is unclear whether the alleged efficacy of probiotics in childhood acute gastroenteritis depends on the duration and severity of symptoms before treatment. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
It is unclear whether the alleged efficacy of probiotics in childhood acute gastroenteritis depends on the duration and severity of symptoms before treatment.
METHODS
Preplanned secondary analysis of 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials in children 3-48 months of age was conducted in 16 emergency departments in North America evaluating the efficacy of 2 probiotic products (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and a combination probiotic: L. rhamnosus and L. helveticus). Participants were categorized in severity groups according to the duration (<24, 24-<72, and ≥72 hours) and the frequency of diarrhea episodes in the 24 hours (≤3, 4-5, and ≥6) before presentation. We used regression models to assess the interaction between pretreatment diarrhea severity groups and treatment arm (probiotic or placebo) in the presence of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis (Modified Vesikari Scale score ≥9). Secondary outcomes included diarrhea frequency and duration, unscheduled healthcare provider visits, and hospitalization.
RESULTS
A total of 1,770 children were included, and 882 (50%) received a probiotic. The development of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis symptoms after the initiation of treatment did not differ between groups (probiotic-18.4% [162/882] vs placebo-18.3% [162/888]; risk ratio 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.87, 1.16; P = 0.95). There was no evidence of interaction between baseline severity and treatment (P = 0.61) for the primary or any of the secondary outcomes: diarrhea duration (P = 0.88), maximum diarrheal episodes in a 24-hour period (P = 0.87), unscheduled healthcare visits (P = 0.21), and hospitalization (P = 0.87).
DISCUSSION
In children 3-48 months with acute gastroenteritis, the lack of effect of probiotics is not explained by the duration of symptoms or frequency of diarrheal episodes before presentation.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Lactobacillus helveticus; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Probiotics; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34183579
DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001295 -
The vaginal microbiome and the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Scientific Reports May 2022Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence links the vaginal microbiome to the risk of spontaneous preterm labour... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence links the vaginal microbiome to the risk of spontaneous preterm labour that leads to preterm birth. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the vaginal microbiome, defined as community state types (CSTs, i.e. dominance of specific lactobacilli spp, or not (low-lactobacilli)), and the risk of preterm birth. Systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library was performed. Longitudinal studies using culture-independent methods categorizing the vaginal microbiome in at least three different CSTs to assess the risk of preterm birth were included. A (network) meta-analysis was conducted, presenting pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); and weighted proportions and 95% CI. All 17 studies were published between 2014 and 2021 and included 38-539 pregnancies and 8-107 preterm births. Women presenting with "low-lactobacilli" vaginal microbiome were at increased risk (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15-2.49) for delivering preterm compared to Lactobacillus crispatus dominant women. Our network meta-analysis supports the microbiome being predictive of preterm birth, where low abundance of lactobacilli is associated with the highest risk, and L. crispatus dominance the lowest.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus crispatus; Microbiota; Network Meta-Analysis; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Vagina
PubMed: 35562576
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12007-9 -
MicrobiologyOpen Feb 2021The healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which provide an important critical line of defense against pathogens, as well as giving beneficial...
The healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., which provide an important critical line of defense against pathogens, as well as giving beneficial effects to the host. We characterized L. gasseri 1A-TV, L. fermentum 18A-TV, and L. crispatus 35A-TV, from the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, for their potential probiotic activities. The antimicrobial effects of the 3 strains and their combination against clinical urogenital bacteria were evaluated together with the activities of their metabolites produced by cell-free supernatants (CFSs). Their beneficial properties in terms of ability to interfere with vaginal pathogens (co-aggregation, adhesion to HeLa cells, biofilm formation) and antimicrobial activity mediated by CFSs were assessed against multidrug urogenital pathogens (S. agalactiae, E. coli, KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. faecium VRE, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, C. glabrata). The Lactobacilli tested exhibited an extraordinary ability to interfere and co-aggregate with urogenital pathogens, except for Candida spp., as well as to adhere to HeLa cells and to produce biofilm in the Lactobacillus combination. Lactobacillus CFSs and their combination revealed a strong bactericidal effect on the multidrug resistant indicator strains tested, except for E. faecium and E. faecalis. The antimicrobial activity was maintained after heat treatment but decreased after enzymatic treatment. All Lactobacilli showed lactic dehydrogenase activity and production of D- and L-lactic acid isomers on Lactobacillus CFSs, while only 1A-TV and 35A-TV released hydrogen peroxide and carried helveticin J and acidocin A bacteriocins. These results suggest that they can be employed as a new vaginal probiotic formulation and bio-therapeutic preparation against urogenital infections. Further, in vivo studies are needed to evaluate human health benefits in clinical situations.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Vagina
PubMed: 33970542
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1173 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2019Kefir is a homemade, natural fermented product comprised of a probiotic bacteria and yeast complex. Kefir consumption has been associated with many advantageous...
Kefir is a homemade, natural fermented product comprised of a probiotic bacteria and yeast complex. Kefir consumption has been associated with many advantageous properties to general health, including as an antioxidative, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor moiety. This beverage is commonly found and consumed by people in the United States of America, China, France, Brazil, and Japan. Recently, the consumption of kefir has been popularized in other countries including Malaysia. The microflora in kefir from different countries differs due to variations in culture conditions and the starter media. Thus, this study was aimed at isolating and characterizing the lactic acid bacteria that are predominant in Malaysian kefir grains via macroscopic examination and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that the Malaysian kefir grains are dominated by three different strains of Lactobacillus strains, which are Lactobacillus harbinensis, Lactobacillusparacasei, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The probiotic properties of these strains, such as acid and bile salt tolerances, adherence ability to the intestinal mucosa, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic test, were subsequently conducted and extensively studied. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. from kefir H maintained its survival rate within 3 h of incubation at pH 3 and pH 4 at 98.0 ± 3.3% and 96.1 ± 1.7% of bacteria growth and exhibited the highest survival at bile salt condition at 0.3% and 0.5%. The same isolate also showed high adherence ability to intestinal cells at 96.3 ± 0.01%, has antibiotic resistance towards ampicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline, and showed no hemolytic activity. In addition, the results of antioxidant activity tests demonstrated that isolated Lactobacillus spp. from kefir G possessed high antioxidant activities for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH) assay compared to other isolates. From these data, all Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Malaysian kefir serve as promising candidates for probiotics foods and beverage since they exhibit potential probiotic properties and antioxidant activities.
Topics: Antioxidants; Humans; Kefir; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Malaysia; Probiotics
PubMed: 31319614
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142606 -
Nutrients Apr 2021Probiotics seem to have promising effects in the prevention and treatment of allergic conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy. The purpose of this... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effectiveness of Probiotic and Strains in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Cow's Milk Protein Allergy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study.
Probiotics seem to have promising effects in the prevention and treatment of allergic conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy. The purpose of this multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a probiotic preparation comprising ŁOCK 0900, ŁOCK 0908, and ŁOCK 0918 in children under 2 years of age with AD and a cow's milk protein (CMP) allergy. The study enrolled 151 children, who-apart from being treated with a CMP elimination diet-were randomized to receive the probiotic preparation at a daily dose of 10 bacteria or a placebo for three months, with a subsequent nine-month follow-up. The primary outcomes included changes in AD symptom severity assessed with the scoring AD (SCORAD) index and in the proportion of children with symptom improvement (a SCORAD score decreased by at least 30% in comparison with that at baseline). After the three-month intervention, both the probiotic and placebo groups showed a significant ( < 0.0001) decrease in SCORAD scores, which was maintained nine months later. The percentage of children who showed improvement was significantly higher in the probiotic than in the placebo group (odds ratio (OR) 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-5.8; = 0.012) after three months. Probiotics induced SCORAD improvement mainly in allergen sensitized patients (OR 6.03; 95% CI 1.85-19.67, = 0.001), but this positive effect was not observed after nine months. The results showed that the mixture of probiotic ŁOCK strains offers benefits for children with AD and CMP allergy. Further research is necessary to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on the development of immune tolerance (NCT04738565).
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Cattle; Dermatitis, Atopic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Infant; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Milk Hypersensitivity; Probiotics
PubMed: 33916192
DOI: 10.3390/nu13041169 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2020Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated,...
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Cattle; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus plantarum; Milk; Probiotics
PubMed: 31759592
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Jan 2023Lactobacillaceae are a diverse family of lactic acid bacteria found in the gut microbiota of humans and many animals. These bacteria exhibit beneficial effects on... (Review)
Review
Lactobacillaceae are a diverse family of lactic acid bacteria found in the gut microbiota of humans and many animals. These bacteria exhibit beneficial effects on intestinal health, including modulating the immune system and providing protection against pathogens, and many species are frequently used as probiotics. Gut bacteria acquire essential metal ions, like iron, zinc, and manganese, through the host diet and changes to the levels of these metals are often linked to alterations in microbial community composition, susceptibility to infection, and gastrointestinal diseases. Lactobacillaceae are frequently among the organisms increased or decreased in abundance due to changes in metal availability, yet many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes have yet to be defined. Metal requirements and metallotransporters have been studied in some species of Lactobacillaceae, but few of the mechanisms used by these bacteria to respond to metal limitation or excess have been investigated. This review provides a current overview of these mechanisms and covers how iron, zinc, and manganese impact Lactobacillaceae in the gut microbiota with an emphasis on their biochemical roles, requirements, and homeostatic mechanisms in several species.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillaceae; Manganese; Bacteria; Zinc; Iron
PubMed: 36270041
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112023 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Mar 2018Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus...
Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L. salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.
Topics: Antibiosis; Bacteriocins; Biofilms; Catalase; Culture Media; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lactobacillus plantarum; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peroxides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Primary Cell Culture; Probiotics; Quorum Sensing; Streptococcus mutans; Trypsin
PubMed: 29316223
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13496 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Dec 2023The bacterial family (the lactobacilli) occupy a unique role in microbiology due to their beneficial role in both human cultural history and biology, from the food...
The bacterial family (the lactobacilli) occupy a unique role in microbiology due to their beneficial role in both human cultural history and biology, from the food preservation of hunter gatherers-turned-farmers, through the prevention of scurvy in seafarers exploring new worlds, and the health-promoting properties of species that colonize the human body as well as animals that are important for agriculture and pollination. The almost bewildering phenotypic and genomic complexity of the former genus was recently reconciled with molecular taxonomy and phylogeny to establish robust genera comprising the , whose main features are summarized in this Microbe Profile.
Topics: Lactobacillaceae; Probiotics
PubMed: 38088348
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001414