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Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2022Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed by humans in amounts sufficient to offer health-promoting effects. Owing to their various biological functions,... (Review)
Review
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed by humans in amounts sufficient to offer health-promoting effects. Owing to their various biological functions, probiotics are widely used in biological engineering, industry and agriculture, food safety, and the life and health fields. (), an important human intestinal probiotic, was originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract and its functions have been widely studied ever since it was named in 1900. has been found to play important roles in many aspects of human health. Due to its good resistance against acid and bile salts, it has broad application prospects in functional, edible probiotic preparations. In this review, we explore the basic characteristics and biological functions of based on the research progress made thus far worldwide. Various problems to be solved regarding the applications of probiotic products and their future development are also discussed.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Probiotics; Intestines; Gastrointestinal Tract; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 36196014
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05041 -
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Jun 2023Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine gland. An imbalance of gut microbiota has been linked to SS. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine gland. An imbalance of gut microbiota has been linked to SS. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and propionate on the development and progression of SS in mouse model.
METHODS
We compared the gut microbiomes of young and old mice. We administered L. acidophilus and propionate up to 24 weeks. The saliva flow rate and the histopathology of the salivary glands were investigated, and the effects of propionate on the STIM1-STING signaling pathway were evaluated in vitro.
RESULTS
Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus were decreased in aged mice. SS symptoms were ameliorated by L. acidophilus. The abundance of propionate-producing bacterial was increased by L. acidophilus. Propionate ameliorated the development and progression of SS by inhibiting the STIM1-STING signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that Lactobacillus acidophilus and propionate have therapeutic potential for SS. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Sjogren's Syndrome; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Propionates; Inflammation; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37316856
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01141-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Probiotics such as various strains of have been shown to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. studies have shown that can decrease bacterial biofilm...
Probiotics such as various strains of have been shown to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. studies have shown that can decrease bacterial biofilm formation. Effects on immune cells have been unclear with most studies showing anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of effects has not been clearly elucidated. In these studies, we used different concentrations of live as well as cell free filtrate (CFF) derived from different concentrations of bacteria. Use of CFF is advantageous as a therapeutic because it can directly contact immune cells and its concentration is fixed. Both live cells and CFF inhibited biofilm formation. Importantly, we show that high concentration CFF destroyed mature biofilm. This activity was not due to a lowered pH per se, as pH matched HCl did not remove mature biofilm. High concentration CFF totally inhibited growth and was bactericidal (>99.99%), but low concentration CFF was not bactericidal. To examine the immunomodulatory effects of , we incubated THP-1 monocytes and derived macrophages with CFF and measured TNFα production. CFF did not significantly increase TNFα production in THP-1 monocytes. When cells were prestimulated with LPS, high concentration CFF increased TNFα production even further. In macrophages, high concentration CFF alone increased TNFα production but did not affect LPS prestimulated cells. In contrast, low concentration CFF decreased TNFα production in LPS prestimulated cells. To elucidate the possible mechanisms for these effects, we repeated the experiments using a NF-κB reporter THP-1 cell line. High concentration CFF increased NF-κB activity in monocytes and macrophages. In LPS prestimulated macrophages, only low concentration CFF reduced NF-κB activity. These results suggest that high concentration CFF alone induced NF-κB expression which could account partially for an increase in TNFα production. On the other hand, in macrophages, the lower non-bactericidal concentration of CFF reduced NF-κB expression and decreased TNFα production after LPS prestimulation. Taken together, the results provide evidence that different concentrations of CFF possess varying bactericidal, anti-biofilm and immunomodulatory effects. This is important to evaluate the possible use of CFF in different conditions.
Topics: Biofilms; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lipopolysaccharides; Monocytes; NF-kappa B; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34589444
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.737392 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2021Diverse strains are widely used as probiotic cultures in the dairy and dietary supplement industries, and specific strains, such as NCFM, have been engineered for the...
Diverse strains are widely used as probiotic cultures in the dairy and dietary supplement industries, and specific strains, such as NCFM, have been engineered for the development of biotherapeutics. To expand the manipulation toolbox with enhanced efficiency and ease, we present here a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)-SpyCas9 nickase (Cas9)-based system for programmable engineering of NCFM, a model probiotic bacterium. Successful single-plasmid delivery system was achieved with the engineered pLbCas9 vector harboring under the regulation of a promoter and a cloning region for a customized single guide RNA (sgRNA) and editing template. The functionality of the pLbCas9 system was validated in NCFM with targeted chromosomal deletions ranging between 300 bp and 1.9 kb at various loci (, , and ), yielding 35 to 100% mutant recovery rates. Genome analysis of the mutants confirmed precision and specificity of the pLbCas9 system. To showcase the versatility of this system, we also inserted an mCherry fluorescent-protein gene downstream of the gene to create a polycistronic transcript. The pLbCas9 system was further deployed in other species to generate a concurrent single-base substitution and gene deletion in ATCC 33323 and an in-frame gene deletion in Lpc-37, highlighting the portability of the system in phylogenetically distant species, where its targeting activity was not interfered with by endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems. Collectively, these editing outcomes illustrate the robustness and versatility of the pLbCas9 system for genome manipulations in diverse lactobacilli and open new avenues for the engineering of health-promoting lactic acid bacteria. This work describes the development of a lactobacillus CRISPR-based editing system for genome manipulations in three species belonging to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are commonly known for their long history of use in food fermentations and as indigenous members of healthy microbiotas and for their emerging roles in human and animal commercial health-promoting applications. We exploited the established CRISPR-SpyCas9 nickase for flexible and precise genome editing applications in and further demonstrated the efficacy of this universal system in two distantly related species. This versatile Cas9-based system facilitates genome engineering compared to conventional gene replacement systems and represents a valuable gene editing modality in species that do not possess native CRISPR-Cas systems. Overall, this portable tool contributes to expanding the genome editing toolbox of LAB for studying their health-promoting mechanisms and engineering of these beneficial microbes as next-generation vaccines and designer probiotics.
Topics: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Deoxyribonuclease I; Gene Editing; Genome, Bacterial; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
PubMed: 33397707
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02669-20 -
Nutrients Feb 2022The efficacy of probiotic strains of to manage acute gastroenteritis in children is still not established. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and three...
The efficacy of probiotic strains of to manage acute gastroenteritis in children is still not established. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and three Chinese literature databases (CNKI, WanFang, and CBM) from their inception to February 2021 for RCTs that compared the use of with no . The grey literature was searched through Google Scholar. Authors of the original papers were contacted for additional data. The study included a total of 15 RCTs involving 1765 patients. Compared with placebo or no treatment, was associated with a reduced duration of diarrhea (moderate quality of evidence), but the effect was not statistically significant when only the individual probiotic strain was provided. was effective when used at a daily dose ≥ 10 CFU. There was no difference in the effect of on diarrhea duration among Asian, European, or American countries. reduced the frequency of diarrhea on day 2 to day 5. However, it was statistically significant on day 3. When administered at a dosage of more than 10 CFU to children with acute gastroenteritis, moderate- to low-quality data showed that reduced the duration of diarrhea and conferred a benefit for frequency of diarrhea.
Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Probiotics
PubMed: 35277042
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030682 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022The current study aimed to figure out the effect of using a combination of 2% inulin, and 2% Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) with Lactobacillus acidophilus and their...
The current study aimed to figure out the effect of using a combination of 2% inulin, and 2% Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) with Lactobacillus acidophilus and their bacteriocin on some yogurt properties such as coagulation time, extending the shelf life of set yogurt and its microbiological quality, also the acceptance by consumers. The results indicated that coagulation time increased by 22.75% in yogurts prepared with Lactobacillus acidophilus and their bacteriocins compared to the control, and titratable acidity increased gradually in all treatments during storage. Hence control acidity (%) increased from 0.84 ± 0.02 at zero time to 1.23 ± 0.03 after 14 days of cold storage, while treatment (T4) was 0.72 ± 0.01 at zero time and reached 1.20 ± 0.5 after 39 days at the same conditions. The sensory properties showed the superiority of inulin, FOS, and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin groups. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, and Lactobacillus acidophilus count increased in the treatments compared to the control group, with an extended shelf life to 39 days of storage in the medicines containing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin. Coliforms, Moulds, and yeasts did not detect in the treatments comprising 2% inulin, 2% FOS, and lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin for 39 days of refrigerated storage. This study proved that 2% inulin, 2% FOS, and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin fortification extended the shelf life by more than 5 weeks.
Topics: Bacteriocins; Inulin; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Oligosaccharides; Probiotics; Yogurt
PubMed: 35927320
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17633-x -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2021In this study, different dairy products such as ice cream, yoghurt, white pickled cheese, and fermented acidophilus milk were manufactured by using either Lactobacillus...
In this study, different dairy products such as ice cream, yoghurt, white pickled cheese, and fermented acidophilus milk were manufactured by using either Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20,079 or Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. The counts of L. acidophilus in the samples on days 1, 15, and 30 of the storage were determined. Additionally, the samples contained L. acidophilus were passed through a dynamic gastrointestinal model designed in laboratory conditions to compare the protective effect of different dairy products on viability of L. acidophilus against stress factors of the gastrointestinal model. The counts of L. acidophilus NCFM and L. acidophilus DSM 20,079 in the samples decreased by between 0.04 and 0.37 log units and by between 0.11 and 0.27 log units, respectively, within 30 days of storage. During the passage through the gastrointestinal model, the highest percentage reduction in the counts of L. acidophilus was determined in yoghurt followed by fermented acidophilus milk, white pickled cheese, and ice cream, respectively. The reduction in the counts of L. acidophilus in the samples during the passage through the model increased with extension of storage time. The results of this study showed that the reduction in the counts L. acidophilus in the samples during the passage through the model was influenced significantly by the matrix of the dairy product and storage period.
Topics: Animals; Cheese; Dairy Products; Gastrointestinal Tract; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Milk; Models, Biological; Probiotics; Time Factors; Yogurt
PubMed: 34487329
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00590-4 -
PloS One 2019Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of...
Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of diagnosed kidney stones are found to be calcium oxalate. People who form these stones often experience a high rate of recurrence and treatment options remain limited despite decades of dedicated research. Recently, the intestinal microbiome has become a new focus for novel therapies. Studies have shown that select species of Lactobacillus, the most commonly included genus in modern probiotic supplements, can degrade oxalate in vitro and even decrease urinary oxalate in animal models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Although the purported health benefits of Lactobacillus probiotics vary significantly between species, there is supporting evidence for their potential use as probiotics for oxalate diseases. Defining the unique metabolic properties of Lactobacillus is essential to define how these bacteria interact with the host intestine and influence overall health. We addressed this need by characterizing and comparing the metabolome and lipidome of the oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We report many species-specific differences in the metabolic profiles of these Lactobacillus species and discuss potential probiotic relevance and function resulting from their differential expression. Also described is our validation of the oxalate-degrading ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri, even in the presence of other preferred carbon sources, measuring in vitro 14C-oxalate consumption via liquid scintillation counting.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Oxalates; Probiotics; Scintillation Counting
PubMed: 31545840
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222393 -
The nutrient requirements of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and their application to fermented milk.Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2021Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 is a suitable probiotic for food application, but because of its slow growth in milk, an increase in its efficiency is desired. To shorten...
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 is a suitable probiotic for food application, but because of its slow growth in milk, an increase in its efficiency is desired. To shorten the time required for fermentation, the nutrient requirements of L. acidophilus LA-5 were analyzed, including the patterns of consumption of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and metal ions. The nutrients required by L. acidophilus LA-5 were Asn, Asp, Cys, Leu, Met, riboflavin, guanine, uracil, and Mn, and when they were added to milk, the fermentation time of fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone was shortened by 9 h, with high viable cell counts that were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. For fermented milk prepared by fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus LA-5, viable cell counts of L. acidophilus LA-5 increased 1.3-fold and were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. Adding nutrients had no negative effect on the quality of the fermented milk. The results indicated that suitable nutrients enhanced the growth of L. acidophilus LA-5 and increased its viable cell counts in fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone and mixed starter culture, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Bioreactors; Fermentation; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Milk; Nutrients; Probiotics; Streptococcus thermophilus
PubMed: 33131816
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18953 -
MBio Jan 2021NCFM is a probiotic strain commonly used in dairy products and dietary supplements. Postgenome studies of NCFM thus far have linked potential key genotypes to its...
NCFM is a probiotic strain commonly used in dairy products and dietary supplements. Postgenome studies of NCFM thus far have linked potential key genotypes to its probiotic-relevant attributes, including gut survival, prebiotic utilization, host interactions, and immunomodulatory activities. To corroborate and extend beyond previous and functional studies, we employed a dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic approach to identify genes potentially driving the gut fitness and activities of NCFM , and in parallel, examine the ileal transcriptional response of its murine hosts during monocolonization. Spatial expression profiling of NCFM from the ileum through the colon revealed a set of 134 core genes that were consistently overexpressed during gut transit. These core genes are predominantly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleotides, along with mucus-binding proteins and adhesion factors, confirming their functionally important roles in nutrient acquisition and gut retention. Functional characterization of the highly expressed major S-layer-encoding gene established its indispensable role as a cell shape determinant and maintenance of cell surface integrity, essential for viability and probiotic attributes. Host colonization by resulted in significant downregulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. Genes related to redox signaling, mucin glycosylation, and circadian rhythm modulation were induced, suggesting impacts on intestinal development and immune functions. Metagenomic analysis of NCFM populations postcolonization demonstrated the genomic stability of as a gut transient and further established its safety as a probiotic and biotherapeutic delivery platform. To date, our basis for comprehending the probiotic mechanisms of , one of the most widely consumed probiotic microbes, was largely limited to functional genomic studies. Using a germfree murine colonization model, -based transcriptional studies provided the first view of how survives in the mammalian gut environment, including gene expression patterns linked to survival, efficient nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and host interactions. Examination of the host ileal transcriptional response, the primary effector site of , has also shed light into the mechanistic roles of this probiotic microbe in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and modulation of the circadian-metabolic axis in its host.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Host Microbial Interactions; Immunity; Intestines; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Mice; Probiotics; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33500337
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03399-20