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Cell Metabolism Oct 2021The relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. Here, we show that oral administration of the probiotic...
The relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. Here, we show that oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang) corrected bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced gut microbial dysbiosis, alleviated kidney injury, and delayed its progression to CKD in mice. L. casei Zhang elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and nicotinamide in the serum and kidney, resulting in reduced renal inflammation and damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. We also performed a 1-year phase 1 placebo-controlled study of oral L. casei Zhang use (Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR-INR-17013952), which was well tolerated and slowed the decline of kidney function in individuals with stage 3-5 CKD. These results show that oral administration of L. casei Zhang, by altering SCFAs and nicotinamide metabolism, is a potential therapy to mitigate kidney injury and slow the progression of renal decline.
Topics: Animals; Dysbiosis; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Mice; Probiotics; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 34270930
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.014 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2020Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated,...
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Cattle; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus plantarum; Milk; Probiotics
PubMed: 31759592
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092 -
Nutrients Apr 2022The adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in the intestines were related to alteration of the intestinal microbiota. However, there was less information about...
The adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in the intestines were related to alteration of the intestinal microbiota. However, there was less information about microbial metabolism on the adverse reactions. This study aimed to explore whether Lactobacillus casei could regulate gut microbiota or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) disorders to protect intestinal adverse reactions induced by isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Male Wistar rats were given low and high doses of Lactobacillus casei two hours before daily administration of anti-TB drugs. After 42 days, colon tissue and blood were collected for analysis. The feces at two-week and six-week were collected to analyze the microbial composition and the content of SCFAs in colon contents was determined. Supplementation of Lactobacillus casei increased the proportion of intestinal goblet cells induced by H and R (p < 0.05). In addition, HR also reduced the level of mucin-2 (p < 0.05), and supplementation of Lactobacillus casei restored. After two weeks of HR intervention, a decrease in OTUs, diversity index, the abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Blautia, and an increase of the abundance of Lacetospiraceae NK4A136 group and Rumencoccus UCG-005, were observed compared with the control group (p all < 0.05). These indices in Lactobacillus casei intervention groups were similar to the HR group. Six-week intervention resulted in a dramatic reduction of Lacetospiraceae NK4A136 group, butyric acid, valeric acid and hexanoic acid, while an increase of Bacteroides and Blautia (p all < 0.05). Pretreatment with Lactobacillus casei significantly increased the content of hexanoic acid compared with HR group (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus casei might prevent intestinal injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs by regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Caproates; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Male; Probiotics; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 35458230
DOI: 10.3390/nu14081668 -
PloS One 2018Prolonged heat stress is one of the harsh conditions Lactobacillus casei strains encounter as non-starter lactic acid bacteria in dairy product manufacture. To...
Prolonged heat stress is one of the harsh conditions Lactobacillus casei strains encounter as non-starter lactic acid bacteria in dairy product manufacture. To understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms through which Lb. casei GCRL163 adapts to persistent elevated temperature, label-free quantitative proteomics of cell-free extracts was used to characterize the global responses of the strain cultured anaerobically in bioreactors at 30 to 45°C, pH 6.5, together with GC-MS for fatty acid methyl ester analysis at different growth phases. At higher growth temperatures, repression of energy-consuming metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid, nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, was observed, while PTS- and ABC-type transporter systems associated with uptake of nitrogen and carbon sources were up-regulated. Alkaline shock protein Asp23_2 was only detected at 45°C, expressed at high abundance, and presumptive α-L-fucosidase only at 40 and 45°C, with highly increased abundance (log2-fold change of 7) at 45°C. We identified a novel SecB homolog as a protein export chaperone putatively involved in posttranslational translocation systems, which was down-regulated as growth temperature increased and where the modelled 3D-structure shared architectural similarities with the Escherichia coli SecB protein. Membrane lipid analyses revealed temporal changes in fatty acid composition, cyclization of oleic acid to cyclopropane and novel cyclopentenyl moieties, and reduced synthesis of vaccenic acid, at higher temperatures. An 18kDa α-crystallin domain, Hsp20 family heat shock protein was more highly up-regulated in response to heat stress compared to other molecular chaperones, suggesting this protein could be a useful biomarker of prolonged heat stress in Lb. casei GCRL163.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biomarkers; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Computational Biology; Dairying; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Heat-Shock Response; Hot Temperature; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Proteomics; Sequence Homology
PubMed: 30359441
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206317 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Jul 2021Little is known about the replication and dynamic transcription of probiotics during their "passenger" journey in the human GI tract, which has therefore limited the...
Little is known about the replication and dynamic transcription of probiotics during their "passenger" journey in the human GI tract, which has therefore limited the understanding of their probiotic mechanisms. Here, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing was used to expose the in vivo expression patterns of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZ), which was compared with its in vitro growth transcriptomes, as well as the dynamics of the indigenous microbiome response to probiotic consumption. Extraction of the strain-specific reads revealed that replication and transcripts from the ingested LcZ were increased, while those from the resident L. casei strains remained unchanged. Mapping of all sequencing reads to LcZ genome showed that gene expression in vitro and in vivo differed dramatically. Approximately 39% of mRNAs and 45% of sRNAs of LcZ well-expressed were repressed after ingestion into human gut. The expression of ABC transporter genes and amino acid metabolism genes was induced at day 14 of ingestion, and genes for sugar and SCFA metabolism were activated at day 28 of ingestion. Expression of rli28c sRNA with peaked expression during the in vitro stationary phase was also activated in the human gut; this sRNA repressed LcZ growth and lactic acid production in vitro. However, the response of the human gut microbiome to LcZ was limited and heterogeneous. These findings implicate the ingested probiotic has to change its transcription patterns to survive and adapt in the human gut, and the time-dependent activation patterns indicate highly dynamic cross-talk between the probiotic and human gut microbes.
Topics: Computational Biology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34210980
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00227-2 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2019Phosphate binders and dialysis can have harmful side-effects during the treatments of hyperphosphatemia. Therefore, we evaluated the capability of intestinal bacteria...
Phosphate binders and dialysis can have harmful side-effects during the treatments of hyperphosphatemia. Therefore, we evaluated the capability of intestinal bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria) as phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) for phosphate accumulation, with the aim of determining whether PAO-formulated food can prevent hyperphosphatemia in the early stages. However, methods for estimating microbial phosphate-accumulation capacities require significant improvements regarding specificity, cost, and simplicity. The presented method analyzed cell-free broth to assess the phosphate accumulation capability of cells. Active cells and the constructed phosphate-deficient cells were incubated in assay salt media. After incubation, phosphate-deficient cell-free broth was taken as sample and the blank was the active cell-free broth. Therefore, effects of interfering agents and other metabolites were avoided and enhanced the specificity remarkably. Phosphate contents were assessed by reactions with toluidine blue O. In contrast to the case in previous studies, the shift in the first absorbance peak was found to be inversely proportional to the phosphate concentration. The minimum detectable phosphate concentrations for the 11th isolate of Lactobacillus casei JCM 1134 and 8th isolate of Bifidobacterium adolescentis JCM 1275 were determined to be 1.24 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. Further, the validation results were found to be significant (p-value < 0.05).
Topics: Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Cell-Free System; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hyperphosphatemia; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Phosphate-Binding Proteins; Phosphates; Probiotics; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 30890726
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37752-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2017Probiotics are bacteria that can provide health benefits to consumers and are suitable to be added to a variety of foods. In this research, viability of immobilized in...
Probiotics are bacteria that can provide health benefits to consumers and are suitable to be added to a variety of foods. In this research, viability of immobilized in alginate with or without sea buckthorn lipid extract were studied during heat treatment and with an in vitro gastrointestinal model. The characterization of the lipid extract was also done using the UV-Vis spectrometry (UV-Vis), high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection method (HPLC-PDA), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and Cryo scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). During heat treatment, the entrapped probiotic cells proved high viability (>6 CFU log/g), even at temperatures above 50 °C. The rich in monounsaturated fatty acids sea buckthorn fraction improved the in vitro digestion passage regarding the probiotic viability. The survival of the probiotic cells was 15% higher after 2 h in the acidic medium of the simulated gastric fluid in the sample where was encapsulated with the sea buckthorn extract compared with the samples where no extract was added. Thus, this approach may be effective for the future development of probiotic-supplemented foods as foods with health welfare for the consumers.
Topics: Cell Survival; Gastric Juice; Hippophae; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Plant Extracts; Probiotics
PubMed: 29186761
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122513 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2018Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) is well known for its probiotic property in human and animals. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) polypeptide can effectively modulate host immune...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) is well known for its probiotic property in human and animals. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) polypeptide can effectively modulate host immune responses and have antimicrobial activity in vivo and in vitro. In order to develop a food-grade L. casei system constitutively expressing bovine Lfcin, this study constructed a thymidine auxotrophy (ΔthyA) recombinant L. casei.
RESULTS
Based on the thymidylate synthase gene (thyA) insert site, LFEC(Lfcin expression cassette)was inserted into L. casei genome through homologous recombination, successfully expressed and could be stably inherited. The recombinant L. casei, ΔthyA L. casei-LFEC, is sensitive to chloramphenicol and limited when cultured without thymine. Meanwhile, ΔthyA L. casei-LFEC has both good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).
CONCLUSIONS
We successfully constructed a recombinant L. casei strain expressing Lfcin, ΔthyA L. casei-LFEC, which could only survive in the presence of thymine, and had excellent antimicrobial and antiviral activity with good genetic stability and sensitivity. This research provides a cost-effective alternative to the antibiotics with additional biological functions and wider applicability prospect. Using ΔthyA as the selectable mark instead of antibiotic to construct genetic engineering L.casei provides a safe and effective approach of feed additives in livestock raising.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Chloramphenicol; Genetic Engineering; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lactoferrin; Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Thymidine
PubMed: 29945678
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1516-y -
Viruses Jul 2021Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes many diseases in weaned piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry. This study investigated the immune...
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes many diseases in weaned piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry. This study investigated the immune response following oral administration of () expressing PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) fusion with the heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) in mice. Recombinant strains were constructed using plasmids pPG611.1 and pPG612.1. The expression and localization of proteins from recombinant pPG611.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-1-Cap-LTB)/ and pPG612.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-2-Cap-LTB)/ were detected. All recombinant strains were found to be immunogenic by oral administration in mice and developed mucosal and systemic immune responses against PCV2. The titers of specific antibodies in mice administered pPG-2-Cap-LTB/ were higher than those in mice administered pPG-1-Cap-LTB/ in serum and the mucosal samples. The mucosal immune response was not only limited to the gastrointestinal tract but was also generated in other mucosal parts. Thus, the application of recombinant could aid in vaccine development for PCV2.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Formation; Capsid Proteins; Circovirus; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunization; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Recombinant Proteins; Swine; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 34372508
DOI: 10.3390/v13071302 -
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and... 2007Genome sequencing of two different Lactobacillus casei strains (ATCC334 and BL23) is presently going on and preliminary data revealed that this lactic acid bacterium... (Review)
Review
Genome sequencing of two different Lactobacillus casei strains (ATCC334 and BL23) is presently going on and preliminary data revealed that this lactic acid bacterium possesses numerous carbohydrate transport systems probably reflecting its capacity to proliferate under varying environmental conditions. Many carbohydrate transporters belong to the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), but all different kinds of non-PTS transporters are present as well and their substrates are known in a few cases. In L. casei regulation of carbohydrate transport and carbon metabolism is mainly achieved by PTS proteins. Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is mediated via several mechanisms, including the major P-Ser-HPr/catabolite control protein A (CcpA)-dependent mechanism. Catabolite response elements, the target sites for the P-Ser-HPr/CcpA complex, precede numerous genes and operons. PTS regulation domain-containing antiterminators and transcription activators are also present in both L. casei strains. Their activity is usually controlled by two PTS-mediated phosphorylation reactions exerting antagonistic effects on the transcription regulators: P~EIIB-dependent phosphorylation regulates induction of the corresponding genes and P~His-HPr-mediated phosphorylation plays a role in CCR. Carbohydrate transport of L. casei is also regulated via inducer exclusion and inducer expulsion. The presence of glucose, fructose, etc. leads to inhibition of the transport or metabolism of less favorable carbon sources (inducer exclusion) or to the export of accumulated non-metabolizable carbon sources (inducer expulsion). While P-Ser-HPr is essential for inducer exclusion of maltose, it is not necessary for the expulsion of accumulated thio-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Surprisingly, recent evidence suggests that the PTS of L. casei also plays a role in cold shock response.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon; Cold Temperature; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases
PubMed: 17183208
DOI: 10.1159/000096456