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Gut Microbes 2019We evaluated immunometabolic functions of novel strains (KBL374 and KBL375) isolated from feces of healthy Koreans. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as...
We evaluated immunometabolic functions of novel strains (KBL374 and KBL375) isolated from feces of healthy Koreans. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17A, were decreased, and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with the KBL374 or KBL375 strain. When these strains were orally administered to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, both KBL374 and KBL375 showed beneficial effects on body weight, disease activity index score, colon length, cecal weight, and histological scores. Furthermore, both KBL374 and KBL375 modulated the innate immune response by improving gut barrier function and reducing leukocyte infiltration. Consistent with the PBMC data, both KBL374- and KBL375-treated DSS mice demonstrated decreased Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-related cytokine levels and increased IL-10 in the colon compared with the DSS control mice. Administration of KBL374 or KBL375 to mice increased the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell population in mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, KBL374 or KBL375 administration reshaped and increased the diversity of the gut microbiota. In particular, KBL375 increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as spp. and spp. Both KBL374 and KBL375 may alleviate inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, in the gut by regulating immune responses and altering the composition of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunomodulation; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Tight Junction Proteins
PubMed: 30939976
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1589281 -
Circulation Research Jul 2020The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed...
RATIONALE
The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed that stroke outcomes can be influenced by the composition of gut microbiome. However, the potential benefits of manipulating the gut microbiome after injury is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if restoring youthful gut microbiota after stroke aids in recovery in aged subjects, we altered the gut microbiome through young fecal transplant gavage in aged mice after experimental stroke. Further, the effect of direct enrichment of selective bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was tested as a more targeted and refined microbiome therapy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Aged male mice (18-20 months) were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We performed fecal transplant gavage 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion using young donor biome (2-3 months) or aged biome (18-20 months). At day 14 after stroke, aged stroke mice receiving young fecal transplant gavage had less behavioral impairment, and reduced brain and gut inflammation. Based on data from microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis demonstrating that young fecal transplants contained much higher SCFA levels and related bacterial strains, we selected 4 SCFA-producers (, , , and ) for transplantation. These SCFA-producers alleviated poststroke neurological deficits and inflammation, and elevated gut, brain and plasma SCFA concentrations in aged stroke mice.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study suggesting that the poor stroke recovery in aged mice can be reversed via poststroke bacteriotherapy following the replenishment of youthful gut microbiome via modulation of immunologic, microbial, and metabolomic profiles in the host.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Brain Chemistry; Clostridium symbiosum; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Interleukin-17; Intestines; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes; Ischemic Stroke; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Male; Mice; Mucin-2; Mucin-4; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 32354259
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2020Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated,...
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Cattle; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus plantarum; Milk; Probiotics
PubMed: 31759592
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092 -
Gut Microbes 2021Recent studies into the beneficial effects of fermented foods have shown that this class of foods are effective in managing hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, the...
Recent studies into the beneficial effects of fermented foods have shown that this class of foods are effective in managing hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, the uric acid (UA) degradation ability of JL-3 strain, isolated from "Jiangshui" (a fermented Chinese food), was investigated. results showed that JL-3 strain exhibited high degradation capacity and selectivity toward UA. After oral administration to mice for 15 days, JL-3 colonization was continuously detected in the feces of mice. The UA level in urine of mice fed with JL-3 was similar with the control group mice. And the serum UA level of the former was significantly lower (31.3%) than in the control, further confirmed the UA-lowering effect of JL-3 strain. JL-3 strain also restored some of the inflammatory markers and oxidative stress indicators (IL-1β, MDA, CRE, blood urea nitrogen) related to hyperuricemia, while the gut microbial diversity results showed that JL-3 could regulate gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by hyperuricemia. Therefore, the probiotic JL-3 strain is effective in lowering UA levels in mice and could be used as a therapeutic adjunct agent in treating hyperuricemia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Dysbiosis; Fermented Foods; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Male; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Probiotics; Uric Acid
PubMed: 33764849
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897211 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Hypercholesteremia or high cholesterol is one of the important factors leading to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. The application of probiotics with...
Hypercholesteremia or high cholesterol is one of the important factors leading to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. The application of probiotics with cholesterol-lowering characteristics has become increasingly popular over the past decade due to their contribution to human health. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic effects of ZJUIDS06 and ZY08 on hyperlipidemic golden hamsters. A hyperlipidemic model was established through a high cholesterol diet in golden hamsters, after which lyophilized ZJUIDS06 and ZY08 were orally administered individually for 8 weeks. The physiological characteristics of golden hamsters and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in the colon were assessed by automatic Biochemical Analyzer and gas choromatograph, respectively. A MiSeq sequencing-based analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) in the cecum content was performed to analyze the cecum microbiota. Correlations between sets of these variables were also investigated using the R package "corrplot." Results showed that neither ZJUIDS06 nor ZY08 inhibited body weight increase. However, supplementation with ZJUIDS06 for 8 weeks increased colon SCFA levels ( < 0.05), decreased serum low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels, and also induced changes in the cecum microbiota of hyperlipidemic golden hamsters. Remarkably, oral administration of ZJUIDS06 increased the relative abundance of in the cecum, which served as a biomarker for colon SCFA production and improvement of serum cholesterol levels. In a word, ZJUIDS06 improved hyperlipidemia in golden hamsters, which correlated with an increase in SCFA levels and relative abundance of , indicating its potential importance in functional foods that can help lower cholesterol.
PubMed: 34262929
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705763 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Preventative effects of and against infection in broilers have been well-demonstrated. The present study was conducted to investigate the modulation of these two...
Preventative effects of and against infection in broilers have been well-demonstrated. The present study was conducted to investigate the modulation of these two probiotics on intestinal immunity and microbiota of -challenged birds. The 336 one-day-old broilers were assigned to four groups with six replicates in each group. Birds in the control were unchallenged and fed a basal diet, and birds in the three challenged groups were dietary supplemented with nothing (Cp group), 1 × 10 CFU/kg of (Lf_Cp group), or 1 × 10 CFU/kg of (Bc_Cp group). Challenge was performed from days 14 to 20, and samples were collected on days 21 and 28. Challenge upregulated interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4 mRNA expression in jejunum on day 21, which was downregulated by and , respectively ( < 0.05). Both probiotic groups upregulated jejunal IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, and TGF-β4 on day 28 as well as IFN-γ on day 21 ( < 0.05). The Bc_Cp group increased CD3 T cell counts in the jejunal crypt on day 21 ( < 0.05). Challenge decreased the ileal ACE index on day 21 and cecal microbial richness on day 28, which were increased by probiotic treatments, and ileal bacterial richness decreased in the Bc_Cp group on day 28 ( < 0.05). Only ileal microbiota on day 21 was distinctly affected with an R-value at 0.3116 by ANOSIM analysis ( < 0.05). Compared with the control, ileal increased on day 21, and ileal and cecal decreased on day 28 in challenged groups ( < 0.05). Challenge increased spp. in the ileum as well as unclassified f_ and group in the cecum, and decreased spp. in the ileum on day 21, which were all conversely modulated by ( < 0.05). Challenge increased amino acid metabolism of ileal microbiota and membrane transport of cecal microbiota, and decreased amino acid metabolism of cecal microbiota on day 21, which were conversely regulated by both probiotics ( < 0.05). In conclusion, and attenuated the intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis soon after challenge.
PubMed: 34136557
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.680742 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2021Colitis is one of the main gastrointestinal diseases threatening human health.
OBJECTIVE
Colitis is one of the main gastrointestinal diseases threatening human health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, a synbiotic composed of arabinoxylan (AX) and HFY06 was tested to determine its ability to relieve dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.
RESULTS
The experimental results showed that the synergistic effect of AX and HFY06 alleviated the weight loss of DSS-mediated colitis mice and lowered the disease activity index (DAI) score. Determination of biochemical indicators found that the synbiotic composed of AX and HFY06 increased the body's antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation. The histopathological examination results showed that the colonic crypts of the mice in the model group were disordered, goblet cells were lost, and the mucous membrane was severely damaged. However, the combination of AX and HFY06 can significantly reverse the histopathological changes in the colon mediated by DSS. The gene expression of colon tissue was further determined, and the results showed that the synergistic effect of AX and HFY06 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor-κB-p65 (NF-κBp65), upregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB inhibitor-α (IκB-α), inhibited the release of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and exerted anti-colitis effects.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that the synbiotic composed of AX and HFY06 has the potential to prevent and treat colitis.
PubMed: 34908859
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S344695 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal... (Review)
Review
Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunomodulation; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillales; Probiotics
PubMed: 33801082
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031016 -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2022Lactobacillus fermentum HY01 is a probiotic strain screened from traditional yak yogurt, which can effectively relieve enteritis and constipation. This study aimed to...
Lactobacillus fermentum HY01 is a probiotic strain screened from traditional yak yogurt, which can effectively relieve enteritis and constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HY01 as an adjunct starter on the quality and storage of yak yogurt. A total of 36 main volatile flavor substances were detected in all samples. In particular, more aldehydes, esters, and alcohols were detected in yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105 (including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus). The rheological results showed that the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105 had higher apparent viscosity and lower tan δ value compared with compared with traditional yak yogurt, yak yogurt with only L. fermentum HY01, and cow yogurt with L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105. Meanwhile, the conjugated linoleic acid in the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter was significantly higher than those in the HY01 group or the yogurt starter group alone. After 28 d of storage at 4°C, the number of HY01 in the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter was still higher than 10 cfu/mL, its acidity was lower than 110°T, and its syneresis was the lowest. The results indicated that L. fermentum HY01 could improve the flavor, texture, and storage properties of yak yogurt.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Fermentation; Food Storage; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Probiotics; Streptococcus thermophilus; Yogurt
PubMed: 35033347
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20861 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Wound healing is a multi-factorial response to tissue injury, aiming to restore tissue continuity. Numerous recent experimental and clinical studies clearly indicate... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is a multi-factorial response to tissue injury, aiming to restore tissue continuity. Numerous recent experimental and clinical studies clearly indicate that probiotics are applied topically to promote the wound-healing process. However, the precise mechanism by which they contribute to healing is not yet clear. Each strain appears to exert a distinctive, even multi-factorial action on different phases of the healing process. Given that a multi-probiotic formula exerts better results than a single strain, the pharmaceutical industry has embarked on a race for the production of a formulation containing a combination of probiotics capable of playing a role in all the phases of the healing process. Hence, the object of this review is to describe what is known to date of the distinctive mechanisms of each of the most studied probiotic strains in order to further facilitate research toward the development of combinations of strains and doses, covering the whole spectrum of healing. Eleven probiotic species have been analyzed, the only criterion of inclusion being a minimum of two published research articles.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Probiotics; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37447381
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133055