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Microorganisms Mar 2023Lactobacilli are widely found in nature, are commensal microbes in humans, and are commonly used as probiotics. Concerns about probiotic safety have arisen due to... (Review)
Review
Lactobacilli are widely found in nature, are commensal microbes in humans, and are commonly used as probiotics. Concerns about probiotic safety have arisen due to reports of bacteremia and other -associated infections. We reviewed the literature for articles on the pathogenicity of spp. bacteremia and reports of probiotics in these patients. Our aim is to review these articles and update the present knowledge on the epidemiology of spp. bacteremia and determine the role of probiotics in bacteremia. bacteremia is infrequent but has a higher risk of mortality and risk factors, including severe underlying diseases, immune system suppression, admission to intensive care units, and use of central venous catheters. A variety of species may cause bacteremia and may or may not be associated with probiotic exposure. To determine if oral probiotics are the source of these infections, the blood isolates and the oral probiotic strain(s) must be compared by sensitive identification methods. The prevalence of bacteremia is infrequent but is more common in patients taking probiotics compared to those not taking probiotics. Three probiotics ( GG, , and ) were directly linked with blood isolates from bacteremia patients using molecular identification assays.
PubMed: 37110319
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040896 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the presence of excessive uric acid (UA) in blood, which leads to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and gout. Probiotics have the...
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the presence of excessive uric acid (UA) in blood, which leads to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and gout. Probiotics have the potential effect of alleviating HUA. The purpose of this study was to screen probiotics with UA-lowering activity and explore the underlying mechanism. The UA-lowering activity of 20 lactic acid bacteria strains was investigated , and the effect of candidate probiotics on UA metabolism was evaluated using the HUA Balb/c mouse model. The results showed that X11 had excellent UA-lowering activity , which could degrade nucleotides and nucleosides completely within 30 min, and the degradation rates of purine and trioxypurine could reach 83.25% and 80.42%, respectively. In addition, oral administration of X11 could reduce serum UA by 52.45% and inhibit renal proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β by 50.69%, regulating adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), and transporter expression (GLUT9, NPT1, and URAT1) to a normal level. Moreover, it could restore the ratio of to (Bac/Firm ratio) and showed a positive effect on the recovery of the intestinal microbiota. These findings provided fundamental information about the UA-lowering properties of probiotics, which suggested that X11 had the potential to be developed as a novel probiotic strain to ameliorate HUA.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperuricemia; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Uric Acid
PubMed: 35874662
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940228 -
JAMA Pediatrics Sep 2022The efficacy of multispecies probiotic formulations in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) remains unclear. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
The efficacy of multispecies probiotic formulations in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of a multispecies probiotic on the risk of AAD in children.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from February 2018 to May 2021 in a multicenter, mixed setting (inpatients and outpatients). Patients were followed up throughout the intervention period. Eligibility criteria included age 3 months to 18 years, recruitment within 24 hours following initiation of broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics, and signed informed consent. In total, 646 eligible patients were approached and 350 patients took part in the trial.
INTERVENTIONS
A multispecies probiotic consisting of Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, L acidophilus W55, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei W20, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum W62, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus W71, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius W24, for a total dose of 10 billion colony-forming units daily, for the duration of antibiotic treatment and for 7 days after.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was AAD, defined as 3 or more loose or watery stools per day in a 24-hour period, caused either by Clostridioides difficile or of otherwise unexplained etiology, after testing for common diarrheal pathogens. The secondary outcomes included diarrhea regardless of the etiology, diarrhea duration, and predefined diarrhea complications.
RESULTS
A total of 350 children (192 boys and 158 girls; mean [range] age, 50 [3-212] months) were randomized and 313 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with placebo (n = 155), the probiotic (n = 158) had no effect on risk of AAD (relative risk [RR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.49-1.33). However, children in the probiotic group had a lower risk of diarrhea regardless of the etiology (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.94). No differences were observed between the groups for most of the secondary outcomes, including adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
A multispecies probiotic did not reduce the risk of AAD in children when analyzed according to the most stringent definition. However, it reduced the overall risk of diarrhea during and for 7 days after antibiotic treatment. Our study also shows that the AAD definition has a significant effect on clinical trial results and their interpretation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03334604.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Data Collection; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics
PubMed: 35727573
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1973 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of HA-196 () and R0175 () in reducing the GI and psychological symptoms of IBS was evaluated in 251 adults with either constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed-pattern (IBS-M). Following a 2-week run-in period, participants were randomized to one of three interventions: ( = 84), ( = 83) or placebo ( = 81). IBS symptoms, stool frequency and consistency and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The differences from baseline in the severity of IBS symptoms at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between groups. Participants in this study were classified, after randomization, into subtypes according to Rome III. Within the group, complete spontaneous and spontaneous bowel movement frequency increased in participants with IBS-C ( = 10) after 8 weeks of supplementation (both < 0.05) and decreased in participants with IBS-D ( = 10, = 0.013). Both and supplementation improved the quality of life in emotional well-being and social functioning compared with baseline (all < 0.05). In conclusion, and may reduce GI symptom severity and improve the psychological well-being of individuals with certain IBS subtypes.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32326347
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041159 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2020Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated,...
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Cattle; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus plantarum; Milk; Probiotics
PubMed: 31759592
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Achieving healthy aging and providing protection from aging-related diseases is a major global concern. Probiotics, are a safer and more natural alternative. Moreover,...
Achieving healthy aging and providing protection from aging-related diseases is a major global concern. Probiotics, are a safer and more natural alternative. Moreover, identifying novel probiotics can help develop a new therapeutic approach and may help in personalized probiotic-formulations for individual's unique gut microbiome. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of our novel probiotic strains in promoting healthy aging and whether they protect against Amyloid β toxicity of Alzheimer's disease. Henceforth, we analyzed the impact of four different probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. salivarius) on the lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans model. Our results determine that L. paracasei HII01 provided the most positive effect on longevity and antiaging effects on C. elegans. The qPCR data and mutant-based studies indicated that L. paracasei HII01-mediated lifespan extension could be modulated by DAF-16 mediated pathway. The probiotic strains also protected the worms from the toxicity induced by β-Amyloid-expressing (Aβ) transgenic C. elegans strains, and L. paracasei HII01 provided the most significant protection. Overall, identifying novel probiotics is an important area of research that can improve health outcomes. Our study showed that L. paracasei HII01 could be considered a dietary supplement for providing healthy aging and preventing aging-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Longevity; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Neuroprotection; Probiotics
PubMed: 37794096
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43846-9 -
Nutrients Jun 2021Probiotics have been shown to benefit patients with constipation and depression, but whether they specifically alleviate constipation in patients with depression remains... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics have been shown to benefit patients with constipation and depression, but whether they specifically alleviate constipation in patients with depression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strain Shirota (LcS), formerly strain Shirota, on constipation in patients with depression with specific etiology and gut microbiota and on depressive regimens. Eighty-two patients with constipation were recruited. The subjects consumed 100 mL of a LcS beverage (10 CFU/mL) or placebo every day for 9 weeks. After ingesting beverages for this period, we observed no significant differences in the total patient constipation-symptom (PAC-SYM) scores in the LcS group when compared with the placebo group. However, symptoms/scores in item 7 (rectal tearing or bleeding after a bowel movement) and items 8-12 (stool symptom subscale) were more alleviated in the LcS group than in the placebo group. The Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were all significantly decreased, and the degree of depression was significantly improved in both the placebo and LcS groups ( < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups. The LcS intervention increased the beneficial , and levels and decreased the bacterial levels related to mental illness, such as , and Additionally, the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased in both the placebo and LcS groups ( < 0.05). In particular, the IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the LcS group than the placebo group after the ingestion period ( < 0.05). In conclusion, the daily consumption of LcS for 9 weeks appeared to relieve constipation and improve the potentially depressive symptoms in patients with depression and significantly decrease the IL-6 levels. In addition, the LcS supplementation also appeared to regulate the intestinal microbiota related to mental illness.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Constipation; Cultured Milk Products; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34209804
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072238 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Nov 2013Many reports in literature have underlined particular features of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei F19, however a critical review of main clinical outcomes has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Many reports in literature have underlined particular features of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei F19, however a critical review of main clinical outcomes has not been performed so far.
OBJECTIVES
This review summarizes the most relevant reports, in terms of clinical benefits, of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei F19 administration reviewing it’s historical background and outlining new interesting perspectives in clinical practice.
METHODS
We searched Pubmed/Medline using the terms “ Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei F19”. All clinical and experimental articles on the use of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei F19 were included.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The genetic stability of F19, the most relevant clinical claim, renders it’s administration reliable and effective in immunocompromised people. Adequate concentrations of this strain support a dose/effect strategy ranging between NF B host macrophage activation to pathogenic bacteria overgrowth control as well as to fine interaction with the gut nerve endings. Moreover preliminary results from our lab support the formulation of F19 encapsulated with lyophilized HA in patients with IBD due to both an increased mucous-strain adherence and a possible enhanced strain proliferation and maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS
Further experiments are required to overcome the lack of informations about this new formulation for IBD management.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Probiotics
PubMed: 24506359
DOI: No ID Found -
Microorganisms Mar 2020Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without...
Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without detrimental effects on the viability of this strain. Modification of membrane fatty acid composition is reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms adopted by probiotic lactobacilli to counteract high-pressure stress. This work is aimed to clarify and understand the relationship between the modification of membrane fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in A13, before and after the application of different sub-lethal hyperbaric treatments. Our results showed that A13 activated a series of reactions aimed to control and stabilize membrane fluidity in response to high-pressure homogenization treatments. In fact, the production of cyclic fatty acids was counterbalanced by the unsaturation and elongation of fatty acids. The gene expression data indicate an up-regulation of the genes , , , and after high-pressure homogenization treatment at 150 and 200 MPa, and of and after a treatment at 200 MPa suggesting this regulation of the genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis as an immediate response mechanism adopted by A13 to high-pressure homogenization treatments to balance the membrane fluidity. Although further studies should be performed to clarify the modulation of phospholipids and glycoproteins biosynthesis since they play a crucial role in the functional properties of the probiotic strains, this study represents an important step towards understanding the response mechanisms of A13 to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments.
PubMed: 32244939
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030439 -
MSphere Dec 2021As common commensals residing on mucosal tissues, species are known to promote health, while some Streptococcus species act to enhance the pathogenicity of other...
As common commensals residing on mucosal tissues, species are known to promote health, while some Streptococcus species act to enhance the pathogenicity of other organisms in those environments. In this study, we used a combination of imaging of live biofilms and computational modeling to explore biofilm interactions between Streptococcus oralis, an accessory pathogen in oral candidiasis, and Lactobacillus paracasei, an organism with known probiotic properties. A computational agent-based model was created where the two species interact only by competing for space, oxygen and glucose. Quantification of bacterial growth in live biofilms indicated that S. oralis biomass and cell numbers were much lower than predicted by the model. Two subsequent models were then created to examine more complex interactions between these species, one where secretes a surfactant, and another where secretes an inhibitor of S. oralis growth. We observed that the growth of S. oralis could be affected by both mechanisms. Further biofilm experiments support the hypothesis that may secrete an inhibitor of S. oralis growth, although they do not exclude that a surfactant could also be involved. This contribution shows how agent-based modeling and experiments can be used in synergy to address multiple species biofilm interactions, with important roles in mucosal health and disease. We previously discovered a role of the oral commensal Streptococcus oralis as an accessory pathogen. S. oralis increases the virulence of Candida albicans infections in murine oral candidiasis and epithelial cell models through mechanisms which promote the formation of tissue-damaging biofilms. species have known inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of many microbes, including Streptococcus species. Agent-based modeling has great advantages as a means of exploring multifaceted relationships between organisms in complex environments such as biofilms. Here, we used an iterative collaborative process between experimentation and modeling to reveal aspects of the mostly unexplored relationship between S. oralis and in biofilm growth. The inhibitory nature of on S. oralis in biofilms may be exploited as a means of preventing or alleviating mucosal fungal infections.
Topics: Biofilms; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Streptococcus oralis; Systems Analysis; Virulence
PubMed: 34908459
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00875-21