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European Annals of Allergy and Clinical... Dec 2023The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased, a possible consequence of intestinal dysbiosis, environmental or genetic factors. Currently, no formal indications... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased, a possible consequence of intestinal dysbiosis, environmental or genetic factors. Currently, no formal indications exist for probiotic or prebiotic supplementation in FA. This review aims to analyse the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of FA. A PubMed/Medline search was carried out on articles published between 2011 and 2021 with the following query: ("Food Hypersensitivity"[Mesh]) AND (("Probiotics"[Mesh]) OR ("Prebiotics"[Mesh])). Subsequently, the titles and abstracts were analysed and selected according to established criteria. After full reading of these articles, 54 were included and a narrative review was performed. The review was structured in the following sections: i) Cow's Milk Proteins Allergy (CMA), ii) Food Allergy to Peanuts and iii) Prevention of Food Allergy. In CMA, several studies have supported the benefits of extensively hydrolysed casein formula supplemented with in the earlier acquisition of tolerance to cow's milk proteins, resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms and prevention of other allergic manifestations. In peanut oral immunotherapy (OI), supplementation with seems to have a favourable impact in inducing a sustained desensitization response. Regarding the use of probiotics in the prevention of FA, this assumption lacks robust scientific evidence in order to confirm the effectiveness. Current evidence supports the use of oligosaccharides from breast milk in the first months of life for preventing atopic dermatitis, FA and asthma. The potential of probiotics to be used as therapeutic adjuvants in CMA and peanut OI is promising. However, there is inconsistency regarding the type of probiotic, the dose and duration of supplementation. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of probiotics and prebiotics in FA.
PubMed: 38054607
DOI: 10.23822/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.319 -
Gut Microbes Dec 2023Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing HN019 1.5 × 10 CFU/d, HN001 7.5 × 10 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein ( = 0.088) and interferon-gamma ( = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 ( = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) ( = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (, , , and ) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment -to- (/) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher / ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Synbiotics; Actinobacteria; Amino Acids; Bacteroides
PubMed: 37614109
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247025 -
Cells Oct 2023Probiotic bacteria belonging to spp. are important producers of bioactive molecules, known as postbiotics, that play essential roles in the immunological support of the...
Probiotic bacteria belonging to spp. are important producers of bioactive molecules, known as postbiotics, that play essential roles in the immunological support of the intestinal mucosa. In this study, the system of co-culture of intestinal epithelial cells with macrophage cells in vitro was used to study the potential effect of postbiotic fractions of and on the modulation of the immune response induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study's results revealed that the presence of probiotic bacterial components on the mucosal surface in the early and late stage of inflammatory conditions is based on cellular interactions that control inflammation and consequent damage to the intestinal epithelium. In our studies, heat killed fractions of probiotic bacteria and their extracted proteins showed a beneficial effect on controlling inflammation, regardless of the strain tested, consequently protecting intestinal barrier damage. In conclusion, the presented results emphasize that the fractions of probiotic bacteria of and may play a significant role in the regulation of LPS-mediated cytotoxic activity in intestinal epithelial cells. The fractions of probiotic strains of and showed the potential to suppress inflammation, effectively activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and modulating the IL-18-related response.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Inflammation
PubMed: 37947616
DOI: 10.3390/cells12212538 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jul 2023Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging. Recent studies show that sarcopenia may improve via the gut-muscle axis, suggesting that gut...
Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging. Recent studies show that sarcopenia may improve via the gut-muscle axis, suggesting that gut health may affect muscle phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of JY02 as a probiotic strain isolated from kimchi to alleviate sarcopenia. JY02-conditioned medium (CM) reduced dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube diameter atrophy and expression of muscle degradation markers (MuRF1 and atrogin-1) in C2C12 cells. The amelioration of sarcopenia was investigated by measuring body composition (lean mass), hand grip strength, myofibril size (using histological analysis), and mRNA and protein expression of muscle-related factors in a DEX-induced mouse model. The results of these analyses showed that JY02 supplementation promoted the production of muscle-enhancement markers (MHC Iβ, MHC IIα, and Myo-D) and reduced both the production of muscle degradation markers and the symptoms of muscle atrophy (loss of lean mass and muscle strength). We also found decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN- γ) and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in the serum of DEX+JY02-administered mice compared to those in DEX-treated mice. Overall, these results suggest that JY02 is a potent probiotic supplement that prevents sarcopenia by suppressing muscle atrophy.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Sarcopenia; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Hand Strength; Muscular Atrophy
PubMed: 36998149
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03001 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance,... (Review)
Review
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but also with psychosocial problems. Gut microbiota is a new factor in childhood obesity, which can modulate the blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the satiety, and fat distribution, and can ensure additional calories to the host. The aim of this review was to assess the differences and the impact of the gut microbial composition on several obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or insulin resistance. Early dysbiosis was proven to be associated with an increased predisposition to obesity. Depending on the predominant species, the gut microbiota might have either a positive or negative impact on the development of obesity. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were suggested to have a positive effect on improving the gut microbiota and reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors. The results of clinical trials regarding probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration in children with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and insulin resistance are controversial. Some of them (, , and ) were proven to reduce the body mass index in obese children, and also improve the blood lipid content; others (, , , , , and fructo-oligosaccharides) failed in proving any effect on lipid parameters and glucose metabolism. Further studies are necessary for understanding the mechanism of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and for developing low-cost effective strategies for its management.
PubMed: 38004665
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112651 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2023The lactobacilli are abundant in honey, helping protect against pathogens and providing antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate lactobacillus species from...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The lactobacilli are abundant in honey, helping protect against pathogens and providing antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate lactobacillus species from different honey regions and evaluate their potential probiotic properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-eight samples were collected from different regions, including the northern, central, and southern areas, and obtained through retail stores. All samples were independently examined for the presence of using both culture and real-time PCR methods. Probiotic tests were performed on the isolated strains, including hemolytic activity, bile, acid, and pepsin resistance. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance of the obtained strains was investigated using seven different antibiotics.
RESULTS
Thirteen isolates were obtained from 7 (8.0%) honey samples. Of these, eight isolates were identified as (61.54%), four isolates as (30.77%), and one isolate as (7.69%). All strains were devoid of hemolytic activity, and three isolates (23.07%) were found to be resistant to acid, while 2 (15.38%) showed resistance to bile and pepsin. All isolates were resistant to vancomycin (100%). Additionally, only one strain exhibited resistance to all tested antibiotics. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates a significant association (p-value<0.05) between the presence of in various regions of Iran.
CONCLUSION
Various factors, such as climatic conditions and geographical location, can influence honey's composition and microbial diversity. Identifying and isolating potential probiotic species in honey could significantly expand their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, offering numerous health benefits and potential therapeutic applications.
PubMed: 37448675
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12905 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023To determine the role of Lactobacillus strains and their combinations in inhibiting the colonization of and gastric mucosa inflammation.
PURPOSE
To determine the role of Lactobacillus strains and their combinations in inhibiting the colonization of and gastric mucosa inflammation.
METHODS
Human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells were incubated with H. pylori and six probiotic strains ( NCFM, La-14, Lp-115, Lpc-37, Lr-32, and GG) and the adhesion ability of in different combinations was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and urease activity assay. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (uninfected, , +NCFM, +Lp-115, and +NCFM+Lp-115) and treated with two lactobacilli strains (NCFM and Lp-115) for six weeks. colonization and tissue inflammation statuses were determined by rapid urease test, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR and ELISA.
RESULTS
NCFM, La-14, Lp-115, Lpc-37, Lr-32, and GG reduced adhesion and inflammation caused by infection in AGS cells and mice. Among all probiotics NCFM and , Lp-115 showed significant effects on the eradication and reduction of inflammation and . Compared with the infection group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the six intervention groups were significantly reduced. The changes in the urease activity ( and ) for 1-7h in each group showed that NCFM, La-14, Lp-115, and GG effectively reduced the colonization of . We observed a higher ratio of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration into the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa and neutrophil infiltration in +NCFM+Lp-115 mice. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina propria of the gastric mucosa was reduced in the +NCFM+Lp-115 group. Additionally, the expression of IFN-γ was decreased significantly in the NCFM and Lp-115 treated C57BL/6 mice.
CONCLUSIONS
NCFM and Lp-115 can reduce the adhesion of and inhibit the gastric inflammatory response caused by infection.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Helicobacter pylori; Urease; Disease Models, Animal; Gastritis; Inflammation; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 37621875
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196084 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Among CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems, Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), sourced from a human pathogen, is the most widely used. Here, through in silico data...
Among CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems, Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), sourced from a human pathogen, is the most widely used. Here, through in silico data mining, we have established an efficient plant genome engineering system using CRISPR-Cas9 from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. We have confirmed the predicted 5'-NGAAA-3' PAM via a bacterial PAM depletion assay and showcased its exceptional editing efficiency in rice, wheat, tomato, and Larix cells, surpassing LbCas12a, SpCas9-NG, and SpRY when targeting the identical sequences. In stable rice lines, LrCas9 facilitates multiplexed gene knockout through coding sequence editing and achieves gene knockdown via targeted promoter deletion, demonstrating high specificity. We have also developed LrCas9-derived cytosine and adenine base editors, expanding base editing capabilities. Finally, by harnessing LrCas9's A/T-rich PAM targeting preference, we have created efficient CRISPR interference and activation systems in plants. Together, our work establishes CRISPR-LrCas9 as an efficient and user-friendly genome engineering tool for diverse applications in crops and beyond.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Gene Editing; Genome, Plant; Oryza; Streptococcus pyogenes; Triticum; Solanum lycopersicum; Larix
PubMed: 37773156
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41802-9 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Mar 2024Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout,...
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout, whether the microbiota could ameliorate HUA-associated systemic purine metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a novel model of HUA in geese and investigated the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could have beneficial effects on HUA. The administration of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were used in this HUA goose model. The effects of LGG and its metabolites on HUA were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Heterogeneous expression and gene knockout of LGG revealed the mechanism of LGG. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the Lactobacillus genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. This study showed that LGG and its metabolites could alleviate HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Whole-genome analysis, heterogeneous expression, and gene knockout of LGG enzymes ABC-type multidrug transport system (ABCT), inosine-uridine nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (iunH), and xanthine permease (pbuX) demonstrated the function of nucleoside degradation in LGG. Multi-omics and a correlation analysis in HUA patients and this goose model revealed that a serum proline deficiency, as well as changes in Collinsella and Lactobacillus, may be associated with the occurrence of HUA. Our findings demonstrated the potential of a goose model of diet-induced HUA, and LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA.
Topics: Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Hyperuricemia; Nucleosides; Lactobacillus; Proline; Purines
PubMed: 38509085
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00486-9 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Wound healing is a multi-factorial response to tissue injury, aiming to restore tissue continuity. Numerous recent experimental and clinical studies clearly indicate... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is a multi-factorial response to tissue injury, aiming to restore tissue continuity. Numerous recent experimental and clinical studies clearly indicate that probiotics are applied topically to promote the wound-healing process. However, the precise mechanism by which they contribute to healing is not yet clear. Each strain appears to exert a distinctive, even multi-factorial action on different phases of the healing process. Given that a multi-probiotic formula exerts better results than a single strain, the pharmaceutical industry has embarked on a race for the production of a formulation containing a combination of probiotics capable of playing a role in all the phases of the healing process. Hence, the object of this review is to describe what is known to date of the distinctive mechanisms of each of the most studied probiotic strains in order to further facilitate research toward the development of combinations of strains and doses, covering the whole spectrum of healing. Eleven probiotic species have been analyzed, the only criterion of inclusion being a minimum of two published research articles.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Probiotics; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37447381
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133055