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Microbial Cell Factories Aug 2014Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most widely used probiotic strains. Various health effects are well documented including the prevention and treatment of... (Review)
Review
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most widely used probiotic strains. Various health effects are well documented including the prevention and treatment of gastro-intestinal infections and diarrhea, and stimulation of immune responses that promote vaccination or even prevent certain allergic symptoms. However, not all intervention studies could show a clinical benefit and even for the same conditions, the results are not univocal. Clearly, the host phenotype governed by age, genetics and environmental factors such as the endogenous microbiota, plays a role in whether individuals are responders or non-responders. However, we believe that a detailed knowledge of the bacterial physiology and the LGG molecules that play a key role in its host-interaction capacity is crucial for a better understanding of its potential health benefits. Molecules that were yet identified as important factors governing host interactions include its adhesive pili or fimbriae, its lipoteichoic acid molecules, its major secreted proteins and its galactose-rich exopolysaccharides, as well as specific DNA motifs. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to correlate specific health effects to these molecular effectors in LGG, and also in other probiotic strains.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Intestines; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lipopolysaccharides; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Teichoic Acids
PubMed: 25186587
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-S1-S7 -
The ISME Journal Mar 2016Dietary intervention with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF+LGG) accelerates tolerance acquisition in infants with... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Dietary intervention with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF+LGG) accelerates tolerance acquisition in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). We examined whether this effect is attributable, at least in part, to an influence on the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from healthy controls (n=20) and from CMA infants (n=19) before and after treatment with EHCF with (n=12) and without (n=7) supplementation with LGG were compared by 16S rRNA-based operational taxonomic unit clustering and oligotyping. Differential feature selection and generalized linear model fitting revealed that the CMA infants have a diverse gut microbial community structure dominated by Lachnospiraceae (20.5±9.7%) and Ruminococcaceae (16.2±9.1%). Blautia, Roseburia and Coprococcus were significantly enriched following treatment with EHCF and LGG, but only one genus, Oscillospira, was significantly different between infants that became tolerant and those that remained allergic. However, most tolerant infants showed a significant increase in fecal butyrate levels, and those taxa that were significantly enriched in these samples, Blautia and Roseburia, exhibited specific strain-level demarcations between tolerant and allergic infants. Our data suggest that EHCF+LGG promotes tolerance in infants with CMA, in part, by influencing the strain-level bacterial community structure of the infant gut.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrates; Caseins; Cattle; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Infant; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Milk Hypersensitivity; Probiotics
PubMed: 26394008
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.151 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... May 2015The genus Lactobacillus is a taxonomically complex and is composed of over 170 species that cannot be easily differentiated phenotypically and often require molecular... (Review)
Review
The genus Lactobacillus is a taxonomically complex and is composed of over 170 species that cannot be easily differentiated phenotypically and often require molecular identification. Although they are part of the normal human gastrointestinal and vaginal flora, they can also be occasional human pathogens. They are extensively used in a variety of commercial products including probiotics. Their antimicrobial susceptibilities are poorly defined in part because of their taxonomic complexity and are compounded by the different methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute and International Dairy Foundation. Their use as probiotics for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection is prevalent among consumers worldwide but raises the question of will the use of any concurrent antibiotic effect their ability to survive. Lactobacillus species are generally acid resistant and are able to survive ingestion. They are generally resistant to metronidazole, aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin with L. acidophilus being susceptible to penicillin and vancomycin, whereas L. rhamnosus and L. casei are resistant to metronidazole and vancomycin.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Food Microbiology; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Probiotics
PubMed: 25922408
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ072 -
Trends in Microbiology Aug 2021Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various... (Review)
Review
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Unlike most probiotic strains used for urogenital health, LGR-1 has been extensively studied for its properties, including its genomic and metabolic traits and its surface properties. This review aims to highlight the totality of research performed with LGR-1, to act as a rigorous scientific benchmark for probiotic microbes, especially for application to women's health.
Topics: Animals; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Probiotics; Urinary Tract Infections; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Women's Health
PubMed: 33865678
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.010 -
Pharmacological Research Mar 2022Evidence reveals that gut dysbiosis is involved in bidirectional interactions in gut-brain axis and participates in the progress of multiple disorders like anxiety. Gut...
Evidence reveals that gut dysbiosis is involved in bidirectional interactions in gut-brain axis and participates in the progress of multiple disorders like anxiety. Gut microbes in early life are crucial for establishment of host health. We aimed to investigate whether early life probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization could relieve anxiety in adulthood through regulation of gut-brain axis. Live or fixed LGG was gavaged to C57BL/6 female mice from day 18 of pregnancy until natural birth, and newborn mice from day 1 to day 5 respectively. In this study, we found that live LGG could be effectively colonized in the intestine of offspring. LGG colonization increased intestinal villus length and colonic crypt depth, accompanied with barrier function protection before weaning. Microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing showed that some beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Bifidobacteria, were abundant in LGG colonization group. The protective effect of LGG on gut microbiota persisted from weaning to adulthood. Intriguingly, behavioral results assessed by elevated plus mazed test and open field test demonstrated relief of anxiety-like behavior in adult LGG-colonized offspring. Mechanically, LGG colonization activated epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and enhanced serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and modulated serotonergic system in the intestine, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Blocking EGFR blunted LGG-induced the increased SERT and zonula occludens-1 expression. Collectively, early life LGG colonization could protect intestinal barrier of offspring and modulate gut-brain axis in association with relief of anxiety-like behavior in adulthood.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain-Gut Axis; ErbB Receptors; Female; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pregnancy; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 35065201
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106090 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Aug 2021Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious complications in preterm infants. Probiotics have been used to prevent NEC. Safety is a major concern for this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious complications in preterm infants. Probiotics have been used to prevent NEC. Safety is a major concern for this practice.
METHODS
We reported a female preterm infant who received oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG but developed sepsis 12 days after the treatment. Cultures of blood and the catheter tip yielded L. rhamnosus. Next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze isolates from blood, stool, catheter, and product capsules. We also determined the capacities of these isolates to form biofilms. A literature review was performed.
RESULTS
The patient was treated with ampicillin and piperacillin/tazobactam, and she subsequently recovered without complications. The analysis of genome sequences indicated that all the isolates belonged to the clone of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), suggesting that sepsis was a catheter-related infection caused by the oral probiotic. L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and the probiotic strain tested formed biofilms under all growth conditions. Isolates from the blood and catheter tip also formed biofilms, but the stool isolate did not. The capacity of intrinsic biofilm formation in L. rhamnosus GG depended on environmental factors and the type of culture medium. Literature review of L. rhamnosus GG sepsis in preterm and young infants found that nearly 60% of the patients had a suspected or confirmed infected catheter.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that the capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to form biofilms, especially in the presence of glucose, is a critical factor leading to the probiotic-related sepsis in preterm infants.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Probiotics; Sepsis
PubMed: 32307246
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.029 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2020GG is one of the most widely marketed and studied probiotic strains. In GG, the gene cluster encodes pili, which are important for some of the probiotic properties of...
GG is one of the most widely marketed and studied probiotic strains. In GG, the gene cluster encodes pili, which are important for some of the probiotic properties of the strain. A previous study showed that the DNA sequence of the gene cluster was not present in some GG variants isolated from liquid dairy products. To examine the stability of the GG genome in an industrial production process, we sequenced the genome of samples of GG (DSM 33156) collected at specific steps of the industrial production process, including the culture collection stock, intermediate fermentations, and final freeze-dried products. We found that the GG genome sequence was unchanged throughout the production process. Consequently, the gene locus was intact and fully conserved in all 31 samples examined. In addition, different production batches of GG exhibited consistent phenotypes, including the presence of pili in final freeze-dried products, and consistent characteristics in assays of probiotic properties. Our data show that GG is highly stable in this industrial production process. GG is one of the best-studied probiotic strains. One of the well-characterized features of the strain is the pili encoded by the gene cluster. These pili are involved in persistence in the gastrointestinal tract and are important for the probiotic properties of GG. Previous studies demonstrated that the GG genome can be unstable under certain conditions and can lose the gene cluster. Since studies have shown that the loss of the gene cluster decreases certain GG probiotic properties, we assessed both the genomic stability and phenotypic properties of GG throughout an industrial production process. We found that neither genomic nor phenotypic changes occurred in the samples. Therefore, we demonstrate that GG retains the cluster and exhibits excellent genomic and phenotypic stability in the specific industrial process examined here.
Topics: Genome, Bacterial; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Phenotype; Probiotics
PubMed: 31924618
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02780-19 -
Biomolecules Jan 2021strains dominate the vaginal habitat and they are associated with a lower risk of genital infections. In addition, they contribute to the conservation of the vaginal...
strains dominate the vaginal habitat and they are associated with a lower risk of genital infections. In addition, they contribute to the conservation of the vaginal microbiota by producing postbiotic agents. Previous studies have shown that their predominance involves antimicrobial activity against urogenital pathologies. In this context, probiotics may improve treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of lactobacilli strains of vaginal origin using a multidisciplinary approach. For this purpose, safety criteria, ability to resist at low pH and bile salts, antimicrobial activity, ability to produce biofilm, capacity to produce hydrogen peroxide and more importantly, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation (with spp.) and adhesion to human cells were evaluated. The strains belonged to the species of , , and Among these, a strain of named AD3 showed the best probiotic properties. As probiotics are already in use in many clinical practice and there are no major safety concerns, AD3 showed promise in becoming a prevention and complementary treatment option for urogenital diseases. Indeed, these results suggest that strain AD3 is non-pathogenic and likely to be safe for human consumption. This study revealed the great amensalistic properties of a new strain which can aim to be used as probiotic in pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Biofilms; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Probiotics; Vagina
PubMed: 33450875
DOI: 10.3390/biom11010094 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Cardiac allograft rejection remains a major factor limiting long-term engraftment after transplantation. A novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR dual inhibitor,...
Cardiac allograft rejection remains a major factor limiting long-term engraftment after transplantation. A novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR dual inhibitor, BEZ235, prolonged cardiac allograft survival by effectively suppressing activation of the PI3K/serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mTOR pathway. However, long-term usage of pharmacological immunosuppressant drugs can cause intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. We established mouse models of allogeneic heterotopic heart transplantation with different treatments. Fecal samples were collected and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomic analysis. Graft samples were taken for immune cell detection by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to single-target approaches (IC-87114 and rapamycin), BEZ235 more efficiently prolongs cardiac transplant survival. Interestingly, BEZ235 reduces the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota community. We demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 rescues the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by BEZ235. Our data confirmed that the combination of BEZ235 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 significantly prolongs cardiac transplant survival. A main metabolic product of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, propionic acid (PA), enriches regulatory T (Treg) cells and serves as a potent immunomodulatory supplement to BEZ235. Our study provides a novel and efficient therapeutic strategy for transplant recipients.
Topics: Animals; Dysbiosis; Heart Transplantation; Imidazoles; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Mice; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Quinolines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 35862958
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00794-22 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022counts as a major endometritis-causing pathogen among dairy cows, which lowered the economic benefits of dairy farming seriously. Probiotic consumption has been...
counts as a major endometritis-causing pathogen among dairy cows, which lowered the economic benefits of dairy farming seriously. Probiotic consumption has been reported to impart beneficial effects on immunomodulation. However, the inflammatory regulation mechanism of probiotics on endometritis in dairy cows remains unexplored. The current work aimed to clarify the mechanism whereby GR-1 ( GR-1) resists bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) inflammatory injury induced by . The model of cellular inflammatory injury was established in the BEECs, which comes from the uterus of healthy dairy cows using . The outcome of GR-1 addition on inflammation was evaluated in BEECs with -induced endometritis. The underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammation by GR-1 were further explored in -stimulated BEECs. In accordance with the obtained results, the use GR-1 alone could not cause the change of inflammatory factors, while GR-1 could significantly alleviate the expression of -induced inflammatory factors. Based on further study, GR-1 significantly hindered the TLR4 and MyD88 expression stimulated by . Moreover, we observed that in BEECs, GR-1 could inhibit the -elicited expressions of pathway proteins that are associated with NF-κB and MAPKs. Briefly, GR-1 can effectively protect against -induced inflammatory response that may be closely related to the inhibition of TLR4 and MyD88 stimulating NF-κB and MAPKs.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Escherichia coli; Female; Inflammation; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; NF-kappa B
PubMed: 35310848
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.809674