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Microbial Genomics Feb 2022is a well-known pathogen of fish, but is rarely involved in infections in humans and other mammals. In humans, the main clinical manifestation of infections is...
is a well-known pathogen of fish, but is rarely involved in infections in humans and other mammals. In humans, the main clinical manifestation of infections is endocarditis usually related to the ingestion of contaminated food, such as undercooked fish and shellfish. This study presents the first complete genomic sequence of a clinical strain isolated from a patient with endocarditis and its comparative analysis with other genomes. This human isolate contains a circular chromosome of 2 099 060 bp and one plasmid of 50 557 bp. In comparison with other fully sequenced strains, the chromosomal DNA of Lg-Granada carries a low proportion of insertion sequence elements and a higher number of putative prophages. Our results show that, in general, is a highly recombinogenic species with an open pangenome in which almost 30 % of its genome has undergone horizontal transfers. Within the genus is the main donor of genetic components to but, taking Lg-Granada as a representative, this bacterium tends to import more genes from taxa than from other species.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Endocarditis; Genomics; Humans; Lactococcus; Mammals
PubMed: 35196218
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000771 -
Biology Sep 2022Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including , , , , and spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these... (Review)
Review
Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including , , , , and spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these pathogens and their dynamic interactions with their respective fish-host systems are critical to developing effective prophylactic measures and treatments. While much is known about bacterial virulence and fish immune response, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge in terms of host-pathogen interactions as a centerpiece to establish a crucial connection between the intricate details of marine Gram-positive pathogens and their fish hosts. Therefore, this review provides a holistic view and discusses the different stages of the host-pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens. Gram-positive pathogens can invade fish tissues, evade the fish defenses, proliferate in the host system, and modulate the fish immune response. Marine Gram-positive pathogens have a unique set of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion (e.g., adhesins, hemagglutination activity, sortase, and capsules), invasion (e.g., toxins, hemolysins/cytolysins, the type VII secretion system, and immune-suppressive proteins), evasion (e.g., free radical quenching, actin-based motility, and the inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion), and proliferation and survival (e.g., heme utilization and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems) in the fish host. After infection, the fish host initiates specific innate and adaptive immune responses according to the extracellular or intracellular mechanism of infection. Although efforts have continued to be made in understanding the complex interplay at the host-pathogen interface, integrated omics-based investigations targeting host-pathogen-marine environment interactions hold promise for future research.
PubMed: 36138795
DOI: 10.3390/biology11091316 -
Germs Sep 2022, a zoonotic pathogen, may rarely infect humans through the consumption of fish. Documented manifestations of infection in humans include infective endocarditis,...
INTRODUCTION
, a zoonotic pathogen, may rarely infect humans through the consumption of fish. Documented manifestations of infection in humans include infective endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, liver abscesses, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, infective spondylodiscitis, acalculous cholecystitis, and urinary tract infection.
CASE REPORT
An 87-year-old female was hospitalized for coffee-ground emesis secondary to acute gastritis after eating cooked fish. One week after her discharge, she developed new-onset confusion and was returned to the hospital. Chest computed tomography revealed total consolidation of the left lung and a multiloculated left pleural effusion. The patient required intubation and direct admission to the intensive care unit. Pleural fluid and blood cultures grew , which was susceptible to ceftriaxone, penicillin, and vancomycin. Despite intensive antibiotic therapy and supportive care for thirteen days, the patient remained in irreversible shock, and the family opted for comfort care.
CONCLUSIONS
Heretofore unreported, this case demonstrates that can cause bronchopneumonia and empyema.
PubMed: 37680679
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1347 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022causes infectious diseases in animals and is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in human clinical conditions. In silico analysis of plasmid pLG50 of...
causes infectious diseases in animals and is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in human clinical conditions. In silico analysis of plasmid pLG50 of Lg-Granada, an isolate from a patient with endocarditis, revealed the presence of two gene clusters (46-47 and 48-49), each one encoding a novel putative bacteriocin, i.e., garvicin AG1 (GarAG1; 46) and garvicin AG2 (GarAG2; 48), and their corresponding immunity proteins (47 and 49). The chemically synthesised bacteriocins GarAG1 and GarAG2 presented inhibitory activity against pathogenic strains, with AG2 also being active against , and . Genetic organisation, amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activities of GarAG1 and GarAG2 indicate that they belong to linear non-pediocin-like one-peptide class IId bacteriocins. Gram-positive bacteria that were sensitive to GarAG2 were also able to ferment mannose, suggesting that this bacteriocin could use the mannose phosphotransferase transport system (Man-PTS) involved in mannose uptake as a receptor in sensitive strains. Intriguingly, GarAG1 and GarAG2 were highly active against their own host, Lg-Granada, which could be envisaged as a new strategy to combat pathogens via their own weapons.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriocins; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Lactococcus; Mannose
PubMed: 35563074
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094685 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Dec 2020This study focused on agro-industrial waste such as fruit peels by extracting prebiotics as a carbon source for lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Four strains of LAB were...
This study focused on agro-industrial waste such as fruit peels by extracting prebiotics as a carbon source for lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Four strains of LAB were selected from (B2 and B3) and (R4 and R5), and identified as through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The analysis of probiotic characteristics revealed that all four strains were able to tolerate sodium chloride (up to 7 %), bile salt (up to 3 %), and broad range of pH (2-9). Further, analysis of polysaccharide contents in the agro-industrial waste materials such as peels of pineapple, orange, lemon, sugarcane, pomegranate, and sweet lemon revealed that the concentration ranged from 3.91-163.85 mg/g. It was observed that orange peels (20.38-140.99 mg/g), sweet lemon peels (22.03-161.93 mg/g), and pomegranate peels (38.19-163.85 mg/g) yielded maximum indigestible polysaccharide. Evaluation of synbiotic combination of probiotic and prebiotic revealed that strains had better fermentation efficiency with orange, sweet lemon, and pineapple compared to lemon, sugarcane, and pomegranate. In nutshell, different types of agro-industrial waste evaluated in this research were found to be a cheap and fermentable carbon sources for LAB. Further study should be conducted to analyze this symbiotic combination as feed supplements for fish in aquaculture as well as various fermentation industries.
PubMed: 33294403
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00555 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2018Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen. Lactococcus garvieae is a lactic acid bacterium found in dairy products; some of its strains are able to...
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen. Lactococcus garvieae is a lactic acid bacterium found in dairy products; some of its strains are able to inhibit S. aureus growth by producing HO. Three strains of L. garvieae from different origins were tested for their ability to inhibit S. aureus SA15 growth. Two conditions were tested, one in which HO was produced (high aeration) and another one in which it was not detected (low aeration). Several S. aureus genes related to stress, HO-response and virulence were examined in order to compare their level of expression depending on the inoculated L. garvieae strain. Simultaneous L. garvieae HO metabolism gene expression was followed.
RESULTS
The results showed that under high aeration condition, L. garvieae strains producing HO (N201 and CL-1183) inhibited S. aureus SA15 growth and impaired its ability to deal with hydrogen peroxide by repressing HO-degrading genes. L. garvieae strains induced overexpression of S. aureus stress-response genes while cell division genes and virulence genes were repressed. A catalase treatment partially or completely restored the SA15 growth. In addition, the HO non-producing L. garvieae strain (Lg2) did not cause any growth inhibition. The SA15 stress-response genes were down-regulated and cell division genes expression was not affected. Under low aeration condition, while none of the strains tested exhibited HO-production, the 3 L. garvieae strains inhibited S. aureus SA15 growth, but to a lesser extent than under high aeration condition.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, these results suggest a L. garvieae strain-specific anti-staphylococcal mechanism and an HO involvement in at least two of the tested L. garvieae strains.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lactococcus; Oxidative Stress; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 30466395
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1340-3 -
Scientific Reports May 2017This report describes the morphological characterization and genome analysis of an induced prophage (PLg-TB25) from a dairy strain of Lactococcus garvieae. The phage...
This report describes the morphological characterization and genome analysis of an induced prophage (PLg-TB25) from a dairy strain of Lactococcus garvieae. The phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family and its morphology is typical of other lactococcal phages. A general analysis of its genome did not reveal similarities with other lactococcal phage genomes, confirming its novelty. However, similarities were found between genes of its morphogenesis cluster and genes of Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that this phage genome resulted from recombination events that took place in a heterogeneous microbial environment. An in silico search for other prophages in 16 L. garvieae genomes available in public databases, uncovered eight seemingly complete prophages in strains isolated from dairy and fish niches. Genome analyses of these prophages revealed three novel L. garvieae phages. The remaining prophages had homology to phages of Lactococcus lactis (P335 group) suggesting a close relationship between these lactococcal species. The similarity in GC content of L. garvieae prophages to the genomes of L. lactis phages further supports the hypothesis that these phages likely originated from the same ancestor.
Topics: Base Composition; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Lactococcus; Open Reading Frames; Prophages
PubMed: 28500301
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02038-y -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is an important pathogen of fish, associated with high rates of mortality and infection recurrence in summer or stressful conditions. Chronic infection and disease...
is an important pathogen of fish, associated with high rates of mortality and infection recurrence in summer or stressful conditions. Chronic infection and disease recurrence have also been reported to be associated with biofilms. However, the impact of biofilm and planktonic bacterial infection on fish immune responses remains unclear. In this study, sequencing was used to compare differences of the spleen transcriptome in planktonic- and biofilm-infected mullets. Among the 181,024 unigenes obtained, 3,392 unigenes were associated with immune response genes. Comparative analysis of the gene expression between infection with the planktonic type and biofilm type identified a total of 3,120 and 3,489 differentially expressed genes in response to planktonic and biofilm infection, respectively, of which 1,366 and 1,458 genes were upregulated, and 1,754 and 1,458 genes were downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of immune genes identified genes involved in the complement system, toll-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing, which were further verified by qPCR. Additionally, genes encoding TLR2, IL-1β, TNF-α, C7, and MHC class II peptides were downregulated in response to biofilm infection. Importantly, the results show that biofilm infection induces a different immune pathway response compared with planktonic bacterial infection and, furthermore, illustrates that the prevention of biofilm formation may be a necessary and new strategy for controlling bacterial infection in aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Fish Diseases; Immunity, Innate; Lactococcus; Plankton; Smegmamorpha; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35677656
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887921 -
Microorganisms Feb 2023() is a pathogenic gram-positive, catalase-negative (GPCN) bacterium that causes bovine mastitis. A total of 49 isolates were identified from 1441 clinical mastitis...
() is a pathogenic gram-positive, catalase-negative (GPCN) bacterium that causes bovine mastitis. A total of 49 isolates were identified from 1441 clinical mastitis (CM) samples. The pathogenic effects of were studied with two infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infections in vivo. The overall farm prevalence was 15.5% (13/84 farms in 9/19 provinces) and sample prevalence was 3.40% (49/1441). Post-treatment somatic cell count (SCC) post infection was significantly higher than the other GPCN pathogens isolated, and the bacteriological cure fraction was 41.94% (13/31) after intramammary antibiotic treatment. All isolates were resistant to rifaximin, 12.24% of isolates were resistant to cephalexin, and 10.20% (5/49) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The most prevalent virulence genes were Hemolysin 1 (hly1)(100%), Hemolysin 2 (hly2) (97.96%), NADH oxidase (NADHO) (100%), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100%), Adhesin Pav (Pav) (100%), Adhesin PsaA (PsaA) (100%), Enolase (eno) (100%), Adhesin cluster 1(AC1) (100%), Adhesin cluster 2 (AC2) (100%), and several exopolysaccharides. rapidly adhered to bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in an elevated lactate dehydrogenase release. Edema and congestion were observed in challenged murine mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after infection. We concluded that had good adaptive ability in the bovine and murine mammary cells and tissue. Given the resistance profile, penicillin and ampicillin are potential treatments for CM cases caused by .
PubMed: 36838344
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020379 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Aug 2021Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri cause lactococcosis in fish. Both species have also been isolated from various food products and are considered emerging...
Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri cause lactococcosis in fish. Both species have also been isolated from various food products and are considered emerging zoonotic pathogens. Here, we report the genomes of L. garvieae INF126 and INF110, obtained from traditional Montenegrin brine cheeses.
PubMed: 34351226
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00546-21