-
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jul 2013Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and ocular...
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and ocular conjunctiva. Cutaneous, laryngeal, tracheal, genital, and bony dissemination is rare. Laryngotracheal involvement poses many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 45-year-old South Indian man presented with complaints of a mass in both nostrils for 2 years, associated with progressive hoarseness of voice and difficulty in breathing for 6 months. Rhinosporidial lesions were seen bilaterally in the nasal cavity. Telescopic and fiberoptic laryngoscopic examinations showed reddish, strawberry-like masses with whitish spots on their surface involving the larynx and trachea. Computed tomography of the head and neck revealed soft-tissue mass lesions involving the bilateral nasal cavities and nasopharynx, extending to the oropharynx and involving the larynx and trachea. A preliminary tracheostomy was performed, followed by direct laryngoscopic excision of the laryngeal lesions and rigid-bronchoscopy-guided excision of the tracheal lesions. The patient was prescribed dapsone and advised to take it for 2 years. At 2 years of follow-up, there was no recurrence.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dapsone; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinosporidiosis; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 23904313
DOI: 10.1177/014556131309200718 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Apr 2021This review article covers data on rare diseases of the larynx, the trachea and the thyroid. In particular, congenital malformations, rare manifestations of inflammatory... (Review)
Review
This review article covers data on rare diseases of the larynx, the trachea and the thyroid. In particular, congenital malformations, rare manifestations of inflammatory laryngeal disorders, benign and malignant epithelial as well as non-epithelial tumors, laryngeal and tracheal manifestations of general diseases and, finally, thyroid disorders are discussed. The individual chapters contain an overview of the data situation in the literature, the clinical appearance of each disorder, important key points for diagnosis and therapy and a statement on the prognosis of the disease. Finally, the authors indicate on study registers and self-help groups.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Rare Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Trachea
PubMed: 34352904
DOI: 10.1055/a-1337-5703 -
HNO Sep 2021Significant and new impulses regarding the treatment concept for outpatient phonosurgery on unsedated patients are currently coming from various Anglo-American authors.... (Review)
Review
Significant and new impulses regarding the treatment concept for outpatient phonosurgery on unsedated patients are currently coming from various Anglo-American authors. These "office-based procedures" have been propagated as an alternative to many conventional surgical interventions under anesthesia. The main reason for this remarkable development is the use of new endoscopic techniques in combination with photoangiolytic laser (KTP and blue laser), which allow safe and efficient phonosurgical procedures. Patient acceptance is high since outpatient procedures are considered to have a lower surgical risk. Despite the widespread euphoria, there is a lack of studies evaluating the medical decision criteria and safety management of office-based laryngeal surgery.
Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngoplasty; Laryngoscopy; Larynx; Laser Therapy
PubMed: 34195859
DOI: 10.1007/s00106-021-01081-6 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2012The neuroanatomy of voice and speech is complex. An intricate neural network is responsible for ensuring the main functions of the larynx: airway protection, cough and... (Review)
Review
The neuroanatomy of voice and speech is complex. An intricate neural network is responsible for ensuring the main functions of the larynx: airway protection, cough and Valsalva production, and providing voice. Coordination of these roles is very susceptible to disruption by neurological disorders. Neurological disorders that affect laryngeal function include Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, dystonia and essential tremor. A thorough neurological evaluation should be routine for any patient presenting with voice complaints suggestive of neurogenic cause. Endoscopic visualisation of the larynx using a dynamic voice assessment with a flexible laryngoscope is a crucial part of the evaluation and ancillary tests are sometimes performed. Otolaryngologic evaluation is important in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders that affect laryngeal function.
Topics: Algorithms; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electromyography; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Muscles; Laryngeal Nerves; Laryngoscopy; Motor Neurons; Nerve Net; Nerve Transfer; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Examination; Neurophysiology; Physical Examination; Sound Spectrography; Voice Disorders
PubMed: 21349470
DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2010.12.003 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2020
Topics: Amyloidosis; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx
PubMed: 33051158
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.006 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2016Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection, having interesting synonyms such as Cave disease, Darling's disease, Ohio Valley disease, reticuloendotheliosis, Spelunker's lung...
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection, having interesting synonyms such as Cave disease, Darling's disease, Ohio Valley disease, reticuloendotheliosis, Spelunker's lung and Caver's disease. The aetiological agent is a dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, causing chronic granulomatous disease. The route of transmission is by inhalation of dust particles from soil contaminated by excrement of birds or bats, harbouring the small spores or microconidia, which is considered the infectious form of fungus. The spectrum of illness ranges from subclinical infection of the lung to progressive disseminated disease. The major bulk of histoplasmosis infections are asymptomatic or present with mild influenza like illness and involve immunocompetent individuals. However, the immunocompromised or immunodeficient cases have disseminated/haematogenous infections with multiple organs involved and are usually fatal unless treated immediately. Laryngeal involvement is associated with the disseminated form of the disease. Histoplasmosis of larynx is a rare entity and poses diagnostic difficulty to otolaryngologists because clinically it may be mistaken for malignancy. We report an unusual case of laryngeal histoplasmosis in a man aged 60 years who presented with provisional diagnosis of tuberculosis/malignancy.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis, Laryngeal
PubMed: 27535733
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216423 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2019
Topics: Female; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Melanosis; Middle Aged; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 30885004
DOI: 10.1177/0145561318823317 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020A 47-year-old man presented to the otolaryngology service with complaint of 6 months of intermittent globus sensation. He reported constant throat clearing and...
A 47-year-old man presented to the otolaryngology service with complaint of 6 months of intermittent globus sensation. He reported constant throat clearing and subjective lowering of his voice. Flexible nasolaryngoscopy revealed a large pedunculated mass originating from the left vocal process of the arytenoid, lying superior to the vocal fold. The patient was treated conservatively with an anti-reflux regiment and speech language therapy for 2 months, however he noted marginal worsening in voice over the proceeding interval with an increasing raspy quality. He underwent suspension microlaryngoscopy with biopsy. Microscopic examination demonstrated mucosal epithelium with surface ulceration and considerable fibrinoid necrosis, a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, and abundant granulation tissue with reactive endothelial cells. The diagnosis of laryngeal contact ulcer was rendered. The patient was treated with KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate) laser ablation and corticosteroid microinjection; he tolerated the procedures well and on follow-up noted reduced cough, improving voice quality and no residual dysphagia.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Injections, Intralesional; Laryngeal Diseases; Lasers, Solid-State; Male; Middle Aged; Ulcer
PubMed: 32383044
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01167-7 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2018
Topics: Chronic Disease; Cough; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Pharyngeal Diseases; Vagus Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 29853310
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.04.001 -
The British Journal of Radiology Dec 2012We review the appearance of scleroma in the head and neck on imaging. Scleroma is a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the nasal cavity, but the... (Review)
Review
We review the appearance of scleroma in the head and neck on imaging. Scleroma is a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the nasal cavity, but the pharynx and larynx may also be involved. On imaging, nasal scleroma appears as bilateral or unilateral expanded homogeneous nasal masses that may exhibit hyperintense signal on T(1) weighted images. Pharyngeal scleroma commonly narrows the pharyngeal lumen and may involve the soft and hard palate. Imaging is essential to detect the extent of subglottic stenosis in patients with laryngeal scleroma. Rarely, scleroma may involve the orbit or the middle ear. Imaging is essential for the early diagnosis of scleroma and for differentiating it from other granulomatous and neoplastic lesions. Also, imaging is important for treatment planning and follow-up of patients after therapy.
Topics: Bone Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Early Diagnosis; Head; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Neck; Nose Diseases; Orbital Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Rhinoscleroma; Skull Base
PubMed: 22898154
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/15189057