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PloS One 2024The primary objective of this study was to isolate bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers and subsequently assess their antibiotic resistance capabilities. Seventy-five...
The primary objective of this study was to isolate bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers and subsequently assess their antibiotic resistance capabilities. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers were investigated. A number of these patients (97.33%) had type 2 diabetes, with a significant proportion of them having been diagnosed for 1-5 years (29.33%). Notably, a substantial number of these individuals were on insulin usage (78.66%). Among the patients under examination, 49.33% reported having no use of tobacco products, alcohol, or betel leaf. The ulcers analyzed in this study were classified into grades 1-5 according to the Wagner scale. Wagner grade 2 diabetic foot ulcers had the highest number of culture-positive patients, at 33.33%. Pus samples collected from patients were cultured on selective media, and bacterial identity was confirmed by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 141 isolates were isolated. Among the isolates, 82.97% gram-negative bacteria and 17.02% gram-positive bacteria were detected. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate. Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were also detected. Approximately 61.33% of the ulcers exhibited were polybacterial. In this study, it was observed that all bacterial isolates, except for Proteus spp., were primarily detected in patients classified under Wagner's grade 2. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility was also tested on these 141 isolates. Among them, Escherichia coli showed the highest multidrug resistance, 81.81%. Most of the gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin. All of the gram-negative isolates exhibited high levels of susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam, and these levels were Klebsiella pneumoniae (97.56%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (95.24%), Escherichia coli (81.82%), and Proteus spp. (80%). On the other hand, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus mostly showed sensitivity towards vancomycin and norfloxacin (79.17%).
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bangladesh; Aged; Adult; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38758936
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301767 -
Medicine May 2024Gout is a chronic disease characterized by deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Tophi develop in some individuals with untreated or uncontrolled gout, which leads to...
INTRODUCTION
Gout is a chronic disease characterized by deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Tophi develop in some individuals with untreated or uncontrolled gout, which leads to ulcerations, cosmetic problems, mechanical obstruction of joint movement, joint damage and musculoskeletal disability. Currently, the treatment of gouty tophi is controversial and challenging. Both surgical and internal medical treatments have limitations and require further exploration in clinical practice.
PATIENT CONCERNS
In Case 1, we treated a patient with severe infection of diabetic foot ulcers with concomitant multiple gouty tophi in the same limb. A systematic management strategy was formulated to close the wound and save the limb. The ulcers healed successfully after half a year. In Case 2, a giant gouty tophi located in the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the left foot was removed by surgical treatment and vancomycin-loaded bone cement implantation. In Case 3, we present a case of gouty tophi that was resolved by standardized systemic medical management.
DIAGNOSIS
Three patients were all diagnosed with gout accompanied by gouty deposition, although there were other different comorbidities.
INTERVENTIONS
In case 1, we used debridement to gradually remove gouty tophi. In case 2, the giant gouty tophi was removed by surgical operation. In case 3, the gouty tophi disappeared after standardized treatment with medicine, diet and lifestyle management.
OUTCOMES
Three patients underwent different treatment therapies to remove gouty tophi based on their specific conditions.
LESSONS
We explored effective interventions for tophi in gout by surgical or other interventions in combination with pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Gout; Aged; Limb Salvage; Middle Aged; Debridement; Metatarsophalangeal Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Vancomycin; Diabetic Foot
PubMed: 38758848
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038137 -
International Wound Journal May 2024Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most prevalent and costly diabetes complications, associated with diminished quality of life and poor prognosis. Management of...
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most prevalent and costly diabetes complications, associated with diminished quality of life and poor prognosis. Management of DFUs relies heavily on patients' foot self-care behaviour. This study aims to explore psychological determinants of this important behaviour among primary care patients. A total of 186 patients with active DFUs self-reported their illness perception, diabetes distress, self-efficacy, and foot self-care behaviour. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine interrelationships among measured variables. The final model demonstrated satisfactory fit, CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.913, RMSEA = 0.050, SRMR = 0.073, χ(95) = 132.256 (p = 0.004), and explained 51.1% of the variance of foot self-care. Illness threat perceptions (i.e., consequence, timeline, identity, concern, and emotion) had a direct positive effect on foot self-care behaviours, but also indirectly decreased foot self-care through increasing diabetes distress. Control perceptions (i.e., personal control, treatment control, and coherence) were not directly associated with foot self-care behaviours, but indirectly improved foot self-care by reducing diabetes distress and increasing foot care confidence. These findings suggest illness perceptions, diabetes distress, and self-care confidence as modifiable predictors to be targeted in self-management interventions for patients with DFUs.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Male; Female; Self Care; Middle Aged; Aged; Primary Health Care; Latent Class Analysis; Self Efficacy; Quality of Life; Adult; Health Behavior
PubMed: 38757211
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14897 -
Nutrition & Diabetes May 2024The study was designed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors of malnutrition in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) patients and examine the association between... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
The study was designed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors of malnutrition in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) patients and examine the association between malnutrition and length of stay (LOS).
METHODS
This observational study included DFU hospitalized patients in two campuses of a hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. The diagnosis standard of malnutrition was established by using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Patients were followed up to ascertain the length of hospitalization, and hospital stays longer than 17 days were considered as prolonged LOS. To explore the risk factors of malnutrition and the association between malnutrition and LOS, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Overall 219 DFU patients were enrolled, malnutrition was identified in 38.36% of patients according to GLIM criteria, and 92 patients (42%) were recognized as prolonged LOS. Logistic regression analyses showed that BMI (P <0.001), Alb (P = 0.002), HbA1c (P <0.001), ulcer infection (P <0.001), LOS (P = 0.010), and ABI (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for malnutrition. Besides, malnutrition by GLIM criteria was closely related to prolonged LOS and malnourished DFU patients were 2.857 times (95% CI, 1.497-5.450; P = 0.001) likely to present prolonged LOS than that of normal nutrition.
CONCLUSION
Malnutrition was considered to be extremely prevalent in DFU patients and was associated with approximately three times higher likelihood of prolonged LOS. Implementing and disseminating the diagnostic criteria during routine practice is crucial, given the predictive efficacy of GLIM criteria.
Topics: Humans; Malnutrition; Diabetic Foot; Male; Risk Factors; Female; Length of Stay; Middle Aged; Aged; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38755177
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00290-6 -
Global Public Health Jan 2024Variations of Community Health Workers (CHWs) interventions in diabetes self-management education (DSME) have been reviewed by many studies. In contrast, specific... (Review)
Review
Variations of Community Health Workers (CHWs) interventions in diabetes self-management education (DSME) have been reviewed by many studies. In contrast, specific interventions regarding foot care intervention (FCI) are scarce and need to be explored further as one preventive measure to reduce diabetic foot problems in the community. This scoping review aimed to identify, and report nature of FCIs and the core components of FCIs delivered by CHWs. The scoping review was undertaken using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following electronic databases were searched for articles from data first indicated date through December 2022: CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Theses ProQuest, PubMed, google scholar and other sources by using search terms related to foot care, community health workers, and diabetes mellitus. Descriptive synthesis was used to summarise the data. Nine studies from 1644 were included. All studies found that CHWs provided DSME in general, and foot care education was included. There was no detailed description of the core components of the intervention on foot care. Although, all studies might not provide detailed data on how CHW provided FCIs; the CHW intervention is an undoubtedly vital strategy to promote and prevent foot problems in medically underserved communities.
Topics: Humans; Community Health Workers; Diabetic Foot
PubMed: 38752419
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2352565 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Research data suggests that ultrasound-assisted wound debridement (UAWD) can effectively promote the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, existing research is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-assisted wound debridement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.
OBJECTIVE
Research data suggests that ultrasound-assisted wound debridement (UAWD) can effectively promote the healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, existing research is not consistent with this viewpoint. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of UAWD on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
METHODS
From the establishment of the database to January 2024, we searched 8 databases to study the effectiveness and safety of UAWD in the treatment of DFU. Two authors independently screened the qualifications of the articles, while two authors extracted relevant data. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 18.0 software.
RESULTS
A total of 11 randomized controlled studies were included, with 6 countries and 696 participants participating. Our findings showed that UAWD was associated with a significant benefit in healing rate (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: [1.67, 4.03], P < 0.0001, I 25%), wound healing time (MD = -11.94, 95% CI: [-23.65, -0.23], P = 0.05, I 99%), percentage reduction in wound size (MD = 14.2, 95% CI: [10.8, 17.6], P = 0.47, I 32%), effectiveness of treatment (OR = 10.3, 95% CI: [4.68, 22.66], P < 0.00001, I 0%). Moreover, UAWD did not cause any significant adverse reactions. However, there was no obvious difference in wound blood perfusion (MD = 0.25, 95% CI: [-0.01, 0.52], P = 0.06, I 90%), transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (MD = 14.34, 95% CI: [-10.03, 38.71], P = 0.25, I 98%).
CONCLUSION
UAWD can significantly improve wound healing rate, shorten wound healing time, accelerate wound area reduction, and improve clinical treatment effectiveness without significant adverse reactions. Although there is no significant difference in transcutaneous oxygen pressure and wound blood flow perfusion between UAWD and SWC. So we look forward to more scientifically blinded, placebo-controlled, high-quality studies in the future, to enable researchers to obtain more complete and accurate analytical data, in order to improve the scientific and credibility of the evidence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024501198.
Topics: Diabetic Foot; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Wound Healing; Debridement; Ultrasonic Therapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38752180
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393251 -
International Journal of Nursing... Jun 2024The benefits of nurse-led therapeutic patient education regarding wound healing and the prevention of recurrences for individuals living with a venous leg ulcer remain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The benefits of nurse-led therapeutic patient education regarding wound healing and the prevention of recurrences for individuals living with a venous leg ulcer remain unclear. Obtaining the individuals perspective could offer an in depth understanding of why and how they engage or not, in self-management strategies following nurse-led patient education. Despite strong evidence indicating the need for further investigation into the benefits of therapeutic patient education in this population there is a lack of research into how individuals cope with chronic venous insufficiency or resulting ulceration. With this discussion paper we therefore explore the challenges associated with employing a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology to gain a deeper insight into the experiences of patients with venous leg ulcers receiving individualized nurse-led patient education programs focused on the self-management of their condition.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and analyse the specific methodological and practical challenges encountered when applying a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology to gain a better understanding of how patients with venous leg ulcer experience an individualised nurse-led patient education programme concerning the self-management of their condition.
DESIGN
discussion paper.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The constructivist approach to Grounded Theory methodology allows for the investigation of understudied phenomena such as nurse-led patient education for individuals living with venous leg ulcers. This methodology values the co-construction of a theory taking into consideration the inherent value of participants' and researchers' experiences. However, the specificities of constructivist epistemology challenge certain methodological aspects of Grounded Theory methods, such as how and when to use existing literature, conduct interviews to generate data and engage in the coding and theoretical sampling process for conceptualizing and proposing a theory.
CONCLUSIONS
The constructivist paradigm of grounded theory methodolgy resonates with the art and science of nursing through its collaborative 'real-world' reflective approach, offering a unique way to explore understudied complex clinical nursing practice.
REGISTRATION
This methodological paper is derived from a PhD study embedded in a clinical trial (NCT04019340) were the recruitment started on February 2020, approved by ethical committee of Geneva (CCER: 2019-01964).
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodologies could support an in depth understanding of the impact of nursing interventions.
PubMed: 38746793
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100199 -
International Wound Journal May 2024Quality of life (QOL) may be impacted by foot ulcer-related factors, with prevention of diabetes-related foot ulcers or more effective early healing helping to improve... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Quality of life (QOL) may be impacted by foot ulcer-related factors, with prevention of diabetes-related foot ulcers or more effective early healing helping to improve overall patient QOL. This study, which examined the relationship between foot ulcer-related factors and QOL in patients with diabetes, was conducted as a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study entitled: "Factors associated with the discontinuation of wound care specialist clinic visits in patients with diabetic foot ulcers". We investigated EQ-5D-5L, patient characteristics and foot ulcer-related factors of 73 patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers who visited one wound clinic in Indonesia between August 2020 and February 2021. Results showed that the mean health utility was 0.294 ± 0.371. Factors selected for the multiple regression analysis included inflammation/infection of DMIST, first-ever foot ulcer, and size of DMIST. First-ever foot ulcer (β = 0.309, p = 0.003) and size of DMIST (β = -0.316, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with the health utility (p < 0.001). Significant improvement in the health utility of 15 patients was observed when the ulcer healed (Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test, p = 0.001). In conclusion, not only ulcer severity but also the first-ever foot ulcer itself affected the QOL in patients with diabetes. These results suggest there will be a greater impact on the QOL of patients who develop diabetes-related foot ulcers for the first time, along with the importance of prevention and early healing, through early infection control and wound size reduction.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Male; Female; Diabetic Foot; Middle Aged; Indonesia; Aged; Wound Healing; Adult
PubMed: 38745309
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14895 -
International Wound Journal May 2024Determine how healthcare professionals perceive their role in nutrition assessment and management, and explore barriers and enablers to assessment and management of...
'Nutrition has everything to do with wound healing'-health professionals' perceptions of assessment and management of nutrition in individuals with diabetes-related foot ulceration.
Determine how healthcare professionals perceive their role in nutrition assessment and management, and explore barriers and enablers to assessment and management of nutrition in individuals with DFU. Mixed methods including a cross-sectional online survey derived from current international guidelines and theoretical domains framework, and semi-structured interviews with conventional content analysis was performed. One hundred and ninety-one participants completed the survey, with 19 participating in interviews. Many health professionals are not confident in their ability in this area of practice, are uncertain their nutrition advice or management will be effective in assisting wound healing outcomes and are uncertain their intervention would result in adequate behaviour change by the individual with DFU. Major barriers to implementation of nutrition assessment and management were: inadequate time, lack of knowledge and lack of clinical guidance and enablers were as follows: professional development, a standardised clinical pathway and screening tool and a resource addressing wound healing and diabetes management. Nutrition assessment and management in individuals with DFU is not consistently applied. Whilst health professionals believed nutrition was important for wound healing, they lacked confidence in implementing into their practice. Further dissemination of existing guidance and implementation of education programs and resources would help overcome cited barriers.
Topics: Humans; Wound Healing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetic Foot; Male; Female; Nutrition Assessment; Attitude of Health Personnel; Adult; Middle Aged; Health Personnel; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged
PubMed: 38745257
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14898 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Apr 2024Leg ulcers have various etiologies, including malignancy, although vascular issues are the most frequent cause. Malignant wounds present diagnostic challenges, with a...
BACKGROUND
Leg ulcers have various etiologies, including malignancy, although vascular issues are the most frequent cause. Malignant wounds present diagnostic challenges, with a reported prevalence rate ranging from 0.4% to 23%. This significant variability in reported prevalence appears to be due to the different settings in which data are collected, which suggests potential influence by medical specialty. Consequently, the misdiagnosis of neoplastic ulcers (eg, ulcerated melanoma) as vascular wounds is relatively common, leading to delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment, and a dramatic worsening of the patient's prognosis. Identifying malignancy in nonresponsive wounds involves recognizing signs such as hypertrophic granulation tissue, bleeding, unusual pigmentation, and raised edges. The appearance of the perilesional skin, together with dermoscopic observation, is also crucial to differentiation. Ultimately, a biopsy may provide valuable diagnostic clarification.
CASE REPORT
A case is presented of lower limb melanoma that for years was misdiagnosed as a vascular wound by multiple specialists, with delayed referral to a dermatologist and resulting recognition and diagnosis, at which time nodular satellite metastases were found. Dermoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The disease was already advanced, with in-transit and distant site metastases, and the prognosis was regrettably poor.
CONCLUSION
This case underscores the importance of early detection and accurate diagnosis of malignant wounds, emphasizing the need to refer patients with suspicious nonresponsive ulcers to a dermatologist.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Leg Ulcer; Diagnosis, Differential; Dermoscopy; Male; Female; Fatal Outcome; Biopsy; Aged
PubMed: 38743857
DOI: No ID Found