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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers,... (Review)
Review
Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.
PubMed: 34069721
DOI: 10.3390/jof7050397 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Mastitis is a worldwide production disease in dairy cows, which mainly affects milk yield, causing huge economic losses to dairy farmers. Lentinan is a kind of...
Mastitis is a worldwide production disease in dairy cows, which mainly affects milk yield, causing huge economic losses to dairy farmers. Lentinan is a kind of polysaccharide extracted from , which has no toxicity and possesses various pharmacological activities including antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory function of lentinan on LPS-stimulated mastitis was carried out, and the mechanism involved was explored. , lentinan greatly reduced LPS-stimulated pathological injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the proinflammatory factor production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in mice. Further study was performed to determine the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during LPS stimulation. These results suggested that LPS-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was suppressed by lentinan administration. , we observed that the mouse mammary epithelial cell (mMEC) viability was not affected by lentinan treatment. As expected, LPS increased the TNF-α and IL-1β protein secretion and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that was inhibited by lentinan administration in a dose-dependent manner in mMECs. Conclusively, lentinan exerts the anti-inflammatory function in LPS-stimulated mastitis inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, the results of our study also gave an insight that lentinan may serve as a potential treatment for mastitis.
PubMed: 34630124
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755768 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Oxaliplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, severe oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) has been...
BACKGROUND
Oxaliplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, severe oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) has been well documented. Traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) have shown significant efficacy in preventing OIPN. However, it is difficult for clinicians to determine the differences in the efficacy of various TCMIs in preventing OIPN. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of various TCMIs in preventing OIPN through a network meta-analysis (NMA) to further inform clinical decision-making.
METHODS
The Chinese Journal Full Text Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full Text Database, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCMIs for OIPN prevention. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to April 12, 2021. NMA was performed using Stata 14.0 software after 2 evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 45 eligible RCTs involving 3598 cancer patients and 13 TCMIs were included. The 13 TCMIs included Xiaoaiping injection (XAPI), compound kushen injection (CKSI), Aidi injection (ADI), Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection (BJOEI), Shenmai injection (SMI), Kangai injection (KAI), injection (AI), elemene emulsion injection (EEI), Shenfu injection (SFI), Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SIFZI), Kanglaite injection (KLEI), Huachansu injection (HCSI), and lentinan injection (LI). NMA results showed that AI was superior to AD and SIFZI was superior to ADI in reducing the incidence of grade I neurotoxicity. SIFZI was superior to EEI and ADI, and BJOEI was superior to chemotherapy alone in reducing the incidence of grade II neurotoxicity. SMI was superior to LI and CKSI in reducing the incidence of grade III neurotoxicity. SIFZI was superior to LI, BJOEI, XAPI, EEI, SMI, chemotherapy alone, HCSI, KLEI, and ADI in reducing the total incidence of grade I-IV neurotoxicity. SFI was superior to ADI. Based on the SUCRA values, AI was the most likely intervention to reduce the incidence of grade I neurotoxicity, SIFZI was the most likely intervention to reduce the total incidence of grade II and I-IV neurotoxicity, and SMI was the most likely intervention to reduce the incidence of grade III and IV neurotoxicity.
CONCLUSION
TCMIs can prevent OIPN to some extent, among which SIFZI, SMI, and AI may be the most promising TCMIs. However, given the limitations of current studies, more well-designed, high-quality clinical trials will be needed in the future to validate the benefits of TCMIs.
PubMed: 35911148
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6875253 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained extensive attention for their excellent biological activity and low toxicity. However, SeNPs are extremely liable to aggregate...
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained extensive attention for their excellent biological activity and low toxicity. However, SeNPs are extremely liable to aggregate into non-bioactive or gray elemental selenium, which limits their application in the biomedicine field. This study aimed to prepare stable SeNPs by using lentinan (LNT) as a template and evaluate its anti-colon cancer activity. The average particle diameter of obtained lentinan-selenium nanoparticles (LNT-SeNPs) was approximately 59 nm and presented zero-valent, amorphous, and spherical structures. The monodisperse SeNPs were stabilized by LNT through hydrogen bonding interactions. LNT-SeNPs solution remained highly stable at 4°C for at least 8 weeks. The stability of LNT-SeNPs solution sharply decreased under high temperature and strong acidic conditions. LNT-SeNPs showed no obvious cytotoxic effect on normal cells (IEC-6) but significantly inhibited the proliferation of five colon cancer cells (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2, SW620, and CT26). Among them, LNT-SeNPs exhibited the highest sensitivity toward HCT-116 cells with an IC value of 7.65 μM. Also, LNT-SeNPs displayed better cancer cell selectivity than sodium selenite and selenomethionine. Moreover, LNT-SeNPs promoted apoptosis of HCT-116 cells through activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Meanwhile, LNT-SeNPs induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in HCT-116 cells modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The results of this study indicated that LNT-SeNPs possessed strong potential application in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).
PubMed: 36082027
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987807 -
Oncology Reports Jul 2023Lentinan (LNT) isolated from is a vital host defense potentiator previously utilized as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. The present study investigated the effect of LNT...
Lentinan (LNT) isolated from is a vital host defense potentiator previously utilized as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. The present study investigated the effect of LNT on the mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Hepa1‑6 and its possible mechanism. Mouse HCC apoptosis and its potential associated mechanism were then explored using and approaches. For approaches, the effect of LNT on the proliferation of Hepa1‑6 cells was investigated by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Annexin V‑FITC staining and flow cytometry were applied to explore HCC apoptosis. Western blotting was used to analyze related proteins, such as EGR1, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p‑Akt), protein kinase B (Akt), B lymphocyte‑2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl2 family‑associated X protein (Bax), etc. Cellular immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the localization and expression of EGR1 and PTEN in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of Hepa1‑6 cells. The association between and was explored by overexpression in cell lines. For methods, a mouse model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‑induced primary liver cancer was established using C57BL/6 mice to investigate the inhibitory effect of LNT on liver cancer. Histopathology of liver tissue from mice was detected by hematoxylin‑eosin staining and immunohistochemical assay. and results showed that LNT can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of mouse HCC cells. Besides, LNT increased the expression of EGR1 in Hepa1‑6 cells, which is translocated to the nucleus to function as a transcriptional factor. EGR1 then activates the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN, thereby inhibiting the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. These data revealed a novel anti‑tumor mechanism by which LNT can induce apoptosis to inhibit mouse HCC progression through the EGR1/PTEN/AKT axis. These results provide a scientific basis for the potential use of LNT in drug development and clinical applications associated with primary liver cancer.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Lentinan; Liver Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Signal Transduction; Apoptosis; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Cell Proliferation; Early Growth Response Protein 1
PubMed: 37264970
DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8579 -
American Family Physician Feb 2021
Topics: Adult; Antipruritics; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Continuing; Humans; Lentinan; Mycotoxins; Pruritus; Shiitake Mushrooms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33587579
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Translational Medicine Jul 2020This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of lentinan (LNT) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic rats.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of lentinan (LNT) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic rats.
METHODS
A total 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 12 rats in each group. Except for the sham group, all groups, including the burn sepsis group (BS group), the positive drug control group (dexamethasone, 5 mg/kg, PC group), the LNT low-concentration group (LNT-L group) (50 mg/kg), the LNT medium-concentration group (LNT-M group) (100 mg/kg), and the LNT high-concentration group (LNT-H group) (200 mg/kg), were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline 30 min before injury. The levels of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); the indexes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr); and the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in renal tissue were detected 24 hours after the model was established.
RESULTS
Compared with the sham group, the BUN and Cr of the other groups were significantly higher, while those of the LNT group with different concentrations were significantly lower than those of the BS group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, the protein expression levels of NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1 along with the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased, while the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 were obviously lower in the BS group. Compared with the BS group, the protein expression levels of NF-κB, iNOS, and ICAM-1 along with the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly decreased, while the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 were obviously increased in the LNT group with different concentrations..
CONCLUSIONS
LNT has a certain protective effect on AKI in septic rats, and its mechanism may involve inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, which suppresses the expression of proinflammatory factors in turn, thus promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors.
PubMed: 32793727
DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5158 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The use of polysaccharides to induce the systemic immune response of plants for disease resistance has become an effective plant protection measure. Sharp eyespot wheat...
The use of polysaccharides to induce the systemic immune response of plants for disease resistance has become an effective plant protection measure. Sharp eyespot wheat and crown rot wheat are serious diseases of wheat. In this study, the control effects of hexaconazole and lentinan (LNT) seed dressing of the two wheat diseases were evaluated by field experiments, and the effects of the seed dressing on plant growth, soil enzyme activity, and community diversity in the wheat rhizosphere were discussed. The results showed that the combined seed dressing of hexaconazole at 0.5 a.i. g·100 kg and LNT at 4 a.i. g·100 kg could significantly improve the control effect of the two wheat diseases. The combined treatment of hexaconazole and LNT had little effect on wheat soil enzyme activities. Different seed dressing treatments changed the fungal community structure in the wheat rhizosphere soil, and the combination of LNT and hexaconazole reduced the relative abundance of , , , , and in wheat planting soils. These findings suggested that the combined seed dressing of hexaconazole and LNT could effectively control soilborne diseases of wheat, concurrently could change in rhizosphere fungal community, and reduce in potential soilborne pathogens.
PubMed: 36212818
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1014969 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022The effects of different concentrations of lentinan (LNT) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) on the oxidation characteristics and physicochemical properties of goose meatballs were...
The effects of different concentrations of lentinan (LNT) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) on the oxidation characteristics and physicochemical properties of goose meatballs were investigated during different cold storage (4 °C) stages (3, 7 and 12 days). After adding LNT, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) of goose meatballs significantly decreased compared to the LNT-free sample during cold storage, which indicated that LNT can inhibit the fat oxidation and the release of nitrogenous substances. Meanwhile, the presence of LNT makes microstructure of the goose meatball samples become denser during the whole storage time. The headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MC) results showed that the proportion of aldehydes in the 4% LNT group reached 0 during storage, suggesting that high LNT concentration inhibits the formation of oxidized products in meat products. The sensory evaluation showed that the addition of LNT improved the color, appearance, flavor, and overall acceptance of goose meatballs, and the 2% LNT group had the highest score in overall acceptance. In summary, the addition of LNT could delay lipid oxidation and improve the quality of goose meatballs during cold storage.
PubMed: 35407142
DOI: 10.3390/foods11071055 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Mushroom polysaccharides are active medicinal compounds that possess immune-modulatory and anticancer properties. Currently, the mushroom polysaccharides krestin,...
Mushroom polysaccharides are active medicinal compounds that possess immune-modulatory and anticancer properties. Currently, the mushroom polysaccharides krestin, lentinan, and polysaccharopeptides are used as anticancer drugs. They are an unexplored source of natural products with huge potential in both the medicinal and nutraceutical industries. The northern parts of Pakistan have a rich biodiversity of mushrooms that grow during different seasons of the year. Here we selected an edible (true morels) of the Ascomycota group for polysaccharide isolation and characterization. Polysaccharopeptides and polysaccharides from this mushroom were isolated using the green chemistry, hot water treatment method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the sugar nature and possible beta-glucan type structure of these polysaccharides. Antioxidant assays showed that the deproteinized polysaccharides have moderate free radical scavenging activity. These isolated polysaccharides exhibited good acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities. Therefore, these polysaccharides may be valuable for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Further bioassays are needed to discover the true potential of polysaccharides for medicinal purposes.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Agaricales; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Ascomycota; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Green Chemistry Technology; Polysaccharides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 33800212
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051459