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Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary malignant brain tumor, which currently have no effective treatments. Evidence from human studies has indicated that oral...
Gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary malignant brain tumor, which currently have no effective treatments. Evidence from human studies has indicated that oral microbiota is closely related to cancers; however, whether oral microbiota plays a role in glioma malignancy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between oral microbiota and grade of glioma and examine the relationship between malignancy-related oral microbial features and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in glioma. High-grade glioma (HGG; =23) patients, low-grade glioma (LGG; =12) patients, and healthy control (HCs; =24) participants were recruited for this case-control study. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. We found that the shift in oral microbiota β-diversity was associated with high-grade glioma (=0.01). The phylum Patescibacteria was inversely associated with glioma grade (LGG and HC: =0.035; HGG and HC: <0.01). The genera (LGG and HC: =0.043; HGG and HC: <0.01) and (LGG and HC: =0.044; HGG and HC: <0.01) were inversely associated with glioma grades. The genera and were significantly more positively correlated with the IDH1 mutation in gliomas when compared with the IDH1-wild-type group. We further identified five oral microbial features (, , , and ) that accurately discriminated HGG from LGG (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.83) and HCs (AUC: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.92). The functional prediction analysis of oral bacterial communities showed that genes involved in cell adhesion molecules (<0.001), extracellular matrix molecule-receptor interaction (<0.001), focal adhesion (<0.001), and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (<0.001) were associated with glioma grades, and some microbial gene functions involving lipid metabolism and the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were significantly more enriched in IDH1 mutant gliomas than compared with the IDH1-wild-type gliomas. In conclusion, our work revealed oral microbiota features and gene functions that were associated with glioma malignancy and the IDH1 mutation in glioma.
PubMed: 34733261
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746568 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Efforts to map gingival tissue proteomes and microbiomes have been hampered by lack of sufficient tissue extraction methods. The pressure cycling technology (PCT) is an...
Efforts to map gingival tissue proteomes and microbiomes have been hampered by lack of sufficient tissue extraction methods. The pressure cycling technology (PCT) is an emerging platform for reproducible tissue homogenisation and improved sequence retrieval coverage. Therefore, we employed PCT to characterise the proteome and microbiome profiles in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. Healthy and diseased contralateral gingival tissue samples (total = 10) were collected from five systemically healthy individuals (51.6 ± 4.3 years) with generalised chronic periodontitis. The tissues were then lysed and digested using a Barocycler, proteins were prepared and submitted for mass spectrometric analysis and microbiome DNA for 16S rRNA profiling analysis. Overall, 1,366 human proteins were quantified (false discovery rate 0.22%), of which 69 proteins were differentially expressed (≥2 peptides and < 0.05, 62 up, 7 down) in periodontally diseased sites, compared to healthy sites. These were primarily extracellular or vesicle-associated proteins, with functions in molecular transport. On the microbiome level, 362 species-level operational taxonomic units were identified. Of those, 14 predominant species accounted for >80% of the total relative abundance, whereas 11 proved to be significantly different between healthy and diseased sites. Among them, sp. HMT253 and and were associated with disease sites and strongly interacted ( > 0.7) with 30 and 6 up-regulated proteins, respectively. Healthy-site associated strains sp. HMT478 and sp. HMT417 showed strong negative interactions ( < -0.7) with 31, 21, 9, and 18 up-regulated proteins, respectively. In contrast the down-regulated proteins did not show strong interactions with the regulated bacteria. The present study identified the proteomic and intra-tissue microbiome profile of human gingiva by employing a PCT-assisted workflow. This is the first report demonstrating the feasibility to analyse full proteome profiles of gingival tissues in both healthy and disease sites, while deciphering the tissue site-specific microbiome signatures.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Gingiva; Humans; Microbiota; Proteome; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 33117738
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588155 -
Nature Communications May 2023Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the primary pathogen in childhood caries (tooth decay). While the role of polymicrobial communities is appreciated, it...
Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the primary pathogen in childhood caries (tooth decay). While the role of polymicrobial communities is appreciated, it remains unclear whether other microorganisms are active contributors or interact with pathogens. Here, we integrate multi-omics of supragingival biofilm (dental plaque) from 416 preschool-age children (208 males and 208 females) in a discovery-validation pipeline to identify disease-relevant inter-species interactions. Sixteen taxa associate with childhood caries in metagenomics-metatranscriptomics analyses. Using multiscale/computational imaging and virulence assays, we examine biofilm formation dynamics, spatial arrangement, and metabolic activity of Selenomonas sputigena, Prevotella salivae and Leptotrichia wadei, either individually or with S. mutans. We show that S. sputigena, a flagellated anaerobe with previously unknown role in supragingival biofilm, becomes trapped in streptococcal exoglucans, loses motility but actively proliferates to build a honeycomb-like multicellular-superstructure encapsulating S. mutans, enhancing acidogenesis. Rodent model experiments reveal an unrecognized ability of S. sputigena to colonize supragingival tooth surfaces. While incapable of causing caries on its own, when co-infected with S. mutans, S. sputigena causes extensive tooth enamel lesions and exacerbates disease severity in vivo. In summary, we discover a pathobiont cooperating with a known pathogen to build a unique spatial structure and heighten biofilm virulence in a prevalent human disease.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Virulence; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Streptococcus mutans; Biofilms
PubMed: 37217495
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38346-3 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Aug 2020Maternal microbiota is involved in many metabolic diseases. However, its role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. In this... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Maternal microbiota is involved in many metabolic diseases. However, its role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. In this case-control study, we performed a 16S rRNA sequencing-based microbial survey to compare the intestinal and oral microflora at third trimester during pregnancy between 30 GDM and 31 normal controls. Sequentially, a correlation-based network analysis was further performed to explore the interactions among microbiota, maternal and infant blood sugar, and inflammatory markers. Our results show that, compared with controls, the GDM cases showed significant differences in β-diversity and increased and in intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the GDM cases showed lower α-diversity, increased and , and decreased and in oral microbiota. The ROC curve showed the area under the curve to be equal to 0.70 and 0.66 when using oral or gut , respectively, to predict GDM status. In addition, the components and topography of microbial cooccurrence and coexclusion network were quite distinct by GDM status. In summary, intestinal and oral microorganisms in pregnant women are closely related to the status of GDM in the third trimester of pregnancy. The changes of intestinal and oral microbial features may be noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring the health management of GDM pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Diabetes, Gestational; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Microbiota; Mouth; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 31891538
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00266.2019 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2020The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5-8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an...
The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5-8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
Topics: Bacteria; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Mouth; Nitrates; Prebiotics; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 32732931
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been...
AIM
There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence of diabetes on the microbiota among Chinese patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the periodontitis with diabetes group (TC), chronic periodontitis group (CP), and periodontally healthy and systemically healthy group (H) by spitting method. Bacterial genomic DNA was PCR-amplified at the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The library was constructed according to the obtained sequence results, and biological analysis and statistical analysis were carried out. Functional prediction of three groups of microbial communities was performed by the PICRUSt algorithm.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the TC and CP groups. Compared with the H group, the TC group and CP group presented a higher diversity of salivary flora. , , , , and dominated the H group. , , , , , , , , , , , and were significantly enriched in the TC and CP groups. Among them, and were the most abundant in the TC group. The PICRUSt results showed that many pathways related to cell motility and functional metabolism of the salivary microbial flora changed in the TC group and the CP group.
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes was not the main factor causing the altered diversity of salivary microbiota in patients with periodontitis; however, the presence of diabetes altered the abundance of some microbiota in saliva.
Topics: China; Chronic Periodontitis; DNA, Bacterial; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Microbiota; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 35979090
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933833 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020This study focused on documenting characteristics of the gingival transcriptome during various stages of periodontitis targeting genes associated with apoptotic and...
This study focused on documenting characteristics of the gingival transcriptome during various stages of periodontitis targeting genes associated with apoptotic and autophagic pathways and changes that specifically associate with features of the oral microbiome. ( = 18; 12-23 years) were examined at baseline and 0.5, 1, and 3 months of disease progression, as well as 5 months with clinical disease resolution. 16S sequencing and microarray analyses examined changes in the microbiome and gingival transcriptome, respectively, at each time point from every animal. Specific patterns of apoptotic and autophagic genes were identified related to the initiation and progression of disease. The analysis also provided insights on the principal bacteria within the complex microbiome whose abundance was significantly correlated with differences in apoptotic and autophagic gene expression. Bacteria were identified that formed associated complexes with similar effects on the host gene expression profiles. A complex of _unclassifed, _unclassified, sp. 317, and _[G-1] sp. 155 were significantly negatively correlated with both apoptosis and autophagy. Whereas, _[G-1], , and 539 were significantly positively correlated with both pathways, albeit this relationship was primarily associated with pro-apoptotic genes. The findings provide evidence for specific bacteria/bacterial complexes within the oral microbiome that appear to have a more substantive effect on regulating apoptotic and autophagic pathways in the gingival tissues with periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Gingiva; Macaca mulatta; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontitis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33193408
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585414 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology Jun 2021: A few recent studies have characterized the salivary microbiome in association with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we sought to assess if there is an...
: A few recent studies have characterized the salivary microbiome in association with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we sought to assess if there is an association between the tongue microbiome and ASD. : Tongue scrapping samples were obtained from 25 children with ASD and 38 neurotypical controls. The samples were sequenced for the gene (V1-V3) and the resultant high-quality reads were assigned to the species-level using our previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses of microbial profiles were conducted using QIIME, LEfSe, and R. : Independent of grouping, and accounted for > 60% of the average microbiome. and were the most abundant species. Species richness and diversity did not significantly differ between the study groups. Thirteen species and three genera were differentially abundant between the two groups, e.g. enrichment of and and depletion of and in the ASD group. However, none of them withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. : The tongue microbiome of children with ASD was not significantly different from that of healthy control children, which is largely consistent with results from the literature.
PubMed: 34211637
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1936434 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Dec 2022Intra-oral halitosis usually results from the production of volatile sulfur compounds, such as methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide, by the tongue microbiota. There are...
Intra-oral halitosis usually results from the production of volatile sulfur compounds, such as methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide, by the tongue microbiota. There are currently no reports on the microbial gene-expression profiles of the tongue microbiota in halitosis. In this study, we performed RNAseq of tongue coating samples from individuals with and without halitosis. The activity of Streptococcus (including S. parasanguinis), Veillonella (including V. dispar) and Rothia (including R. mucilaginosa) was associated with halitosis-free individuals while Prevotella (including P. shahi), Fusobacterium (including F. nucleatum) and Leptotrichia were associated with halitosis. Interestingly, the metatranscriptome of patients that only had halitosis levels of methyl mercaptan was similar to that of halitosis-free individuals. Finally, gene expression profiles showed a significant over-expression of genes involved in L-cysteine and L-homocysteine synthesis, as well as nitrate reduction genes, in halitosis-free individuals and an over-expression of genes responsible for cysteine degradation into hydrogen sulfide in halitosis patients.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Halitosis; Tongue; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Biofilms; Metabolic Networks and Pathways
PubMed: 36535943
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00364-2 -
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology Sep 2021SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, infect human mainly via respiratory tract, which is heavily inhabited by local microbiota. However, the interaction between...
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, infect human mainly via respiratory tract, which is heavily inhabited by local microbiota. However, the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and nasopharyngeal microbiota, and the association with metabolome has not been well characterized. Here, metabolomic analysis of blood, urine, and nasopharyngeal swabs from a group of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, and metagenomic analysis of pharyngeal samples were used to identify the key features of COVID-19. Results showed lactic acid, l-proline, and chlorogenic acid methyl ester (CME) were significantly reduced in the sera of COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 ones. Nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria including , and were notably depleted in the pharynges of COVID-19 patients, while , , and were relatively increased. The abundance of and were significantly positively associated with serum CME, which might be an anti-SARS-CoV-2 bacterial metabolite. This study provides important information to explore the linkage between nasopharyngeal microbiota and disease susceptibility. The findings were based on a very limited number of patients enrolled in this study; a larger size of cohort will be appreciated for further investigation.
PubMed: 34151035
DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.06.002