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Nature Reviews. Immunology Sep 2017Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments that promote the maintenance of stem cells and regulate their function. Recent advances have improved our... (Review)
Review
Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments that promote the maintenance of stem cells and regulate their function. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the niches that maintain adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These advances include new markers for HSCs and niche cells, systematic analyses of the expression patterns of niche factors, genetic tools for functionally identifying niche cells in vivo, and improved imaging techniques. Together, they have shown that HSC niches are perivascular in the bone marrow and spleen. Endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells secrete factors that promote HSC maintenance in these niches, but other cell types also directly or indirectly regulate HSC niches.
Topics: Adult; Adult Stem Cells; Bone Marrow; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukopoiesis; Spleen; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 28604734
DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.53 -
Cell May 2022Bone marrow (BM)-mediated trained innate immunity (TII) is a state of heightened immune responsiveness of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and their...
Bone marrow (BM)-mediated trained innate immunity (TII) is a state of heightened immune responsiveness of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and their myeloid progeny. We show here that maladaptive BM-mediated TII underlies inflammatory comorbidities, as exemplified by the periodontitis-arthritis axis. Experimental-periodontitis-related systemic inflammation in mice induced epigenetic rewiring of HSPC and led to sustained enhancement of production of myeloid cells with increased inflammatory preparedness. The periodontitis-induced trained phenotype was transmissible by BM transplantation to naive recipients, which exhibited increased inflammatory responsiveness and disease severity when subjected to inflammatory arthritis. IL-1 signaling in HSPC was essential for their maladaptive training by periodontitis. Therefore, maladaptive innate immune training of myelopoiesis underlies inflammatory comorbidities and may be pharmacologically targeted to treat them via a holistic approach.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Immunity, Innate; Mice; Myelopoiesis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35483374
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.043 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Aug 2023Myelosuppression is a predominant side-effect of radiotherapy, which manifests as the lower activity of blood cell precursors in bone marrow. Though progress in...
Myelosuppression is a predominant side-effect of radiotherapy, which manifests as the lower activity of blood cell precursors in bone marrow. Though progress in anti-myelosuppression has been made by the application of growth factors , the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the side-effects (, bone-pain, liver injury, and lung toxicity) limit their applications in clinic. Herein, we developed a strategy of efficiently normalizing leukopoiesis using gadofullerene nanoparticles (GFNPs) against myelosuppression triggered by radiation. Specifically, GFNPs with high radical-scavenging abilities elevated the generation of leukocytes and alleviated the bone marrow's pathological state under myelosuppression. Notably, GFNPs potentiated the differentiation, development, and maturation of leukocytes (neutrophils, lymphocytes) in radiation bearing mice even better than what G-CSF did. In addition, GFNPs had little toxicity towards the main organs including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. This work provides an in-depth understanding of how advanced nanomaterials mitigate myelosuppression by regulating leukopoiesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Bone Marrow; Leukopoiesis; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Fullerenes
PubMed: 37431674
DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00599b -
BioMed Research International 2020A study of myelostimulating activity of ionic compounds-trimecaine alkyl iodide derivatives under the cipher BIV (BIV-117, BIV-118, and BIV-119) was conducted on a model...
A study of myelostimulating activity of ionic compounds-trimecaine alkyl iodide derivatives under the cipher BIV (BIV-117, BIV-118, and BIV-119) was conducted on a model of doxorubicin pancytopenia in white laboratory rats. It was established that the compounds BIV-117 and BIV-119 had a pronounced leukopoiesis-stimulating activity, exceeding the activity of the methyluracil as a comparison drug. Compounds BIV-117 and BIV-119 had erythropoiesis- and thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating activity at the level of methyluracil.
Topics: Animals; Doxorubicin; Erythropoiesis; Female; Leukopoiesis; Rats; Thrombopoiesis; Trimecaine
PubMed: 32420370
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7636290 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system... (Review)
Review
During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system rapidly responds to the demand by turning from steady state to emergency granulopoiesis to expedite neutrophil generation in the bone marrow (BM). How the hematopoietic system integrates pathogenic and inflammatory stress signals into the molecular cues of emergency granulopoiesis has been the subject of investigations. Recent studies in the field have highlighted emerging concepts, including the direct sensing of pathogens by BM resident or sentinel hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the crosstalk of HSPCs, endothelial cells, and stromal cells to convert signals to granulopoiesis, and the identification of novel inflammatory molecules, such as C/EBP-β, ROS, IL-27, IFN-γ, CXCL1 with direct effects on HSPCs. In this review, we will provide a detailed account of emerging concepts while reassessing well-established cellular and molecular players of emergency granulopoiesis. While providing our views on the discrepant results and theories, we will postulate an updated model of granulopoiesis in the context of health and disease.
Topics: Endothelial Cells; Hematopoiesis; Interleukin-27; Leukopoiesis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 36148240
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961601 -
Developmental and Comparative Immunology Sep 2023Macrophage-lineage cells are indispensable to immunity and physiology of all vertebrates. Amongst these, amphibians represent a key stage in vertebrate evolution and are... (Review)
Review
Macrophage-lineage cells are indispensable to immunity and physiology of all vertebrates. Amongst these, amphibians represent a key stage in vertebrate evolution and are facing decimating population declines and extinctions, in large part due to emerging infectious agents. While recent studies indicate that macrophages and related innate immune cells are critically involved during these infections, much remains unknown regarding the ontogeny and functional differentiation of these cell types in amphibians. Accordingly, in this review we coalesce what has been established to date about amphibian blood cell development (hematopoiesis), the development of key amphibian innate immune cells (myelopoiesis) and the differentiation of amphibian macrophage subsets (monopoiesis). We explore the current understanding of designated sites of larval and adult hematopoiesis across distinct amphibian species and consider what mechanisms may lend to these species-specific adaptations. We discern the identified molecular mechanisms governing the functional differentiation of disparate amphibian (chiefly Xenopus laevis) macrophage subsets and describe what is known about the roles of these subsets during amphibian infections with intracellular pathogens. Macrophage lineage cells are at the heart of so many vertebrate physiological processes. Thus, garnering greater understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the ontogeny and functionality of these cells in amphibians will lend to a more comprehensive view of vertebrate evolution.
Topics: Animals; Myelopoiesis; Amphibians; Macrophages; Cell Differentiation; Hematopoiesis; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 37196852
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104701 -
Blood Aug 2023
Topics: Neutrophils; Leukopoiesis; Hematopoiesis; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
PubMed: 37561541
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020982 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Aug 2020Discussion on how CXXC5 alters hematopoiesis by regulating the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells toward monocyte development.
Discussion on how CXXC5 alters hematopoiesis by regulating the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells toward monocyte development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; DNA-Binding Proteins; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Myelopoiesis; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 32745327
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.1CE0420-106R -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Neutrophils are implicated in almost every stage of oncogenesis and paradoxically display anti- and pro-tumor properties. Accumulating evidence indicates that... (Review)
Review
Neutrophils are implicated in almost every stage of oncogenesis and paradoxically display anti- and pro-tumor properties. Accumulating evidence indicates that neutrophils display diversity in their phenotype resulting from functional plasticity and/or changes to granulopoiesis. In cancer, neutrophils at a range of maturation stages can be identified in the blood and tissues (i.e., outside of their developmental niche). The functional capacity of neutrophils at different states of maturation is poorly understood resulting from challenges in their isolation, identification, and investigation. Thus, the impact of neutrophil maturity on cancer progression and therapy remains enigmatic. In this review, we discuss the identification, prevalence, and function of immature and mature neutrophils in cancer and the potential impact of this on tumor progression and cancer therapy.
Topics: CCAAT-Binding Factor; Cell Differentiation; Disease Progression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukopoiesis; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Trans-Activators
PubMed: 31474989
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01912 -
Immunology Letters Dec 2015Recent discoveries have significantly expanded our previous knowledge about the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in hematopoiesis. BMSCs and their... (Review)
Review
Recent discoveries have significantly expanded our previous knowledge about the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in hematopoiesis. BMSCs and their derivatives modulate blood production and immunity at different levels but a prominent role has emerged for BMSCs in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Additionally, BMSC-like cells regulate B and T cell lymphopoiesis and also probably myelopoiesis. Furthermore, BMSCs might also exhibit key regulatory properties in non-physiological conditions. BMSCs in extramedullary sites might provide a permissive microenvironment to allow for transient hematopoiesis. BMSCs might be also involved in the manifestation and/or the development of hematopoietic diseases, as stemming from their emerging roles in the progression of hematological malignancies. Here we review some key molecular pathways, adhesion molecules and ligand/receptor interactions that mediate the crosstalk between BMSCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in health and disease. The development of novel markers to visualize and isolate individual cells will help to dissect the stromal-hematopoietic interplay.
Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Lymphopoiesis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Models, Biological; Myelopoiesis; Signal Transduction; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 26192443
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.020