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Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite &... May 2019The objective of this literature review is to update the recommendations for clinical practice about the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), microbiologic... (Review)
Review
The objective of this literature review is to update the recommendations for clinical practice about the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), microbiologic diagnosis excluded. An adnexal pain or cervical motion tenderness are the signs that allow a positive diagnosis of PID (LE2). Associated signs (fever, leucorrhoea, metrorrhagia) reinforce clinical diagnosis (LE2). In a woman consulting for symptoms compatible with PID, a pelvic clinical examination is recommended (grade B). In cases of suspected PID, hyperleukocytosis associated with a high C-reactive protein suggests a complicated PID or a differential diagnosis such as acute appendicitis (LE3). The absence of hyperleukocytosis or normal CRP does not rule out the diagnosis of PID (LE1). When PID is suspected, a blood test with a blood count and a CRP test is recommended (grade C). Pelvic ultrasound scan does not contribute to the positive diagnosis of uncomplicated PID because it is insensitive and unspecific (LE3). However, ultrasound scan is recommended to look for signs of complicated PID (polymorphic collection) or differential diagnosis (grade C). Waiting for an ultrasound scan to be performed should not delay the start-up of antibiotic therapy. In case of diagnostic uncertainty, an abdominal-pelvic CT scan with contrast injection is useful for differential diagnosis of urinary, digestive or gynaecological origin (LE2). Laparoscopy is not recommended for the unique purpose of the positive diagnosis of PID (grade B).
Topics: Appendicitis; Blood Cell Count; C-Reactive Protein; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Leukocytosis; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvic Pain; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30878687
DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.03.010 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Dec 1942
PubMed: 21313281
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.18.205.220 -
The Southern Medical Record Apr 1892
PubMed: 36024867
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmacognosy Reviews Jan 2014In traditional system of medicine, the seeds of Strychnos potatorum Linn. (family: Loganiaceae) are used in the treatment of gonorrhea, leukorrhea leukeorrhea,... (Review)
Review
In traditional system of medicine, the seeds of Strychnos potatorum Linn. (family: Loganiaceae) are used in the treatment of gonorrhea, leukorrhea leukeorrhea, gastropathy, bronchitis, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, renal and vesicle calculi, diabetes, conjunctivitis, scleritis, ulcers and other eye disease. An attempt has been made to highlight this medicinal seeds through phytochemical and pharmacological study. The present review deals with the phytochemical and pharmacological screening of therapeutic importance from Strychnos potatorum L., an important medicinal plant. This study includes the collective information of different medicinal uses of Strychnos potatorum. The generated data has provided the basis for its wide use as the therapeutant both in the traditional and folk medicines.
PubMed: 24600197
DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.125533 -
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... Dec 2021is a genus of the family and it includes around 170 species of flowering plants mostly native to the Mediterranean region and eastern to central Asia. In Iran, spp.... (Review)
Review
is a genus of the family and it includes around 170 species of flowering plants mostly native to the Mediterranean region and eastern to central Asia. In Iran, spp. are widely used in cuisine and traditional medicine. This review discusses the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of different species of . To prepare the present review, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science scientific databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles published from 1985 until December 2020. Based on our literature review, plants and their derivatives decrease the levels of inflammatory mediators and exert anti-apoptotic effects. Under oxidative stress conditions, these plants and their constituents were shown to decrease oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide but increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activity, and glutathione level. plants and their constituents also showed immunomodulatory effects by affecting various cytokines. Besides, and studies showed hypotensive, neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anticytotoxic, antiobesity, and anthelmintic effects for various species of and their constituents. These plants also showed a healing effect on gynecological issues such as miscarriage, unusual pain, difficult menstruation, and leukorrhea. All these beneficial effects could have resulted from the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of these plants and their constituents. Based on the available literature, members of the genus can be regarded as potential therapeutics against inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation.
PubMed: 35432802
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2021.59473.13204 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1983
Topics: Climacteric; Family Practice; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Leukorrhea; Menstruation Disturbances; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 6402172
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.286.6365.613 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1953
Topics: Female; Humans; Leukorrhea
PubMed: 13051593
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4827.91 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 1932
PubMed: 20318575
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the National Medical... Jul 1956
Topics: Female; Humans; Leukorrhea
PubMed: 13346350
DOI: No ID Found -
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical... Oct 2013Oleum azadirachti consists of the oil obtained from dried seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (family: Meliaceae). Local names of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. are... (Review)
Review
Oleum azadirachti consists of the oil obtained from dried seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (family: Meliaceae). Local names of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. are Abodua, aforo-oyinbo, anwe egyane, arista, azad dirakht, azadarakht, azedarach and bead tree. Indigenous to India, and widely distributed in South and South-East Asia and cultivated in Africa, the South Pacific Islands, South and Central America and Australia, and in southern Florida and California, United States of America, it is a straight-boled deciduous tree, which is 6-25 m high. Bark is dark-brown, externally fissured with a buff inner surface and fibrous fracture. Leaves alternately arranged, pinnately compound and up to 40 cm long, and composed of 8-18 short-petiolate narrow-ovate, pointed and curved toothed leaflets, 3-10 cm long and 1-4 cm wide arranged in alternate pairs. The major constituents are oxidized tetranortriterpenes including azadirachtin (azadirachtin A), azadiriadione, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, nimbidin, nimbin, deacetylnimbin, salannin, gedunin, mahmoodin, 17-hydroxydiradione and related derivatives. It is of various medicinal uses, such as a contraceptive for intravaginal use, a mosquito repellent, and treatment of vaginal infections, treatment of gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, malaria, rheumatism and skin disorders, external applications for treatment of septic wounds, ulcers and boils, treatment of allergic skin reactions, asthma, bruises, colic, conjunctivitis, dysmenorrhoea, fever, gout, headache, itching due to varicella, kidney stones, leukorrhoea, psoriasis, scabies, sprains and muscular pain, and wounds. It is also used as an emmenagogue, tonic, stomatic and vermicide. In conclusion, the plant oil had antifertility, antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiulcer, estrogenic, immune, contraceptive, antibacterial, insect repellent, and skin treatment effects.
Topics: Animals; Azadirachta; Humans; Plant Oils; Seeds; Toxicology
PubMed: 24075352
DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60165-3