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International Journal of Molecular... May 2022The adverse effects of short-term megadose of antibiotics exposure on the gastrointestinal and liver tissue reactions in young children have been reported....
The adverse effects of short-term megadose of antibiotics exposure on the gastrointestinal and liver tissue reactions in young children have been reported. Antibiotic-induced intestinal and liver reactions are usually unpredictable and present a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is, therefore, necessary to develop strategies for reducing the adverse effects of antibiotics. Studies on the harm and rescue measures of antibiotics from the perspective of the gut-liver system are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lincomycin exposure reduced body weight, disrupted the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal morphology, triggered immune-mediated injury and inflammation, caused liver dysfunction, and affected lipid metabolism. However, baicalin administration attenuated the lincomycin-induced changes. Transcriptome analysis showed that baicalin improved immunity in mice, as evidenced by the decreased levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and expression of genes that regulate Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation, and inhibited mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. In addition, baicalin improved liver function by upregulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid secretion and lipid degradation, and downregulating genes involved in lipid synthesis in lincomycin-treated mice. Bile acids can regulate intestinal immunity and strengthen hepatoenteric circulation. In addition, baicalin also improved anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance ( and ) and reduced pathogenic bacteria abundance (, , and ) in lincomycin-treated mice. Thus, baicalin can ameliorate antibiotic-induced injury and its associated complications such as liver disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Flavonoids; Humans; Inflammation; Lincomycin; Lipids; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 35682750
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116072 -
Poultry Science Sep 2021Regardless of whether antimicrobial drugs are administered to laying hens legally or illegally, residues of these drugs may be present in the eggs. Even if the eggs are...
Regardless of whether antimicrobial drugs are administered to laying hens legally or illegally, residues of these drugs may be present in the eggs. Even if the eggs are not intended for human consumption, byproducts/biowaste, such as eggshells, may contain residues of the drugs used, which may pose a risk to human health and the environment. In the presented research, 2 different groups of laying hens received enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg body weight) and lincomycin (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 5 d. Eggs were collected daily and the concentration of enrofloxacin, its metabolite ciprofloxacin, and lincomycin residue in the eggshells, whole eggs, egg yolks, and egg whites were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates the transfer of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and lincomycin into the eggshells and provides evidence for the distribution into the eggshells after administration of these drugs to laying hens. The enrofloxacin residues were detected in the eggshell for 10 d after cessation of treatment, ciprofloxacin and lincomycin were rapidly eliminated and 2 d after finish drugs administration they were no longer detected in the eggshell.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chickens; Ciprofloxacin; Egg Shell; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Enrofloxacin; Female; Lincomycin; Ovum
PubMed: 34358950
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101341 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2019Lincomycin, monensin, and roxarsone are commonly used veterinary drugs. This study investigated their behaviours in different soils and their toxic effects on...
Lincomycin, monensin, and roxarsone are commonly used veterinary drugs. This study investigated their behaviours in different soils and their toxic effects on environmental organisms. Sorption and mobility analyses were performed to detect the migration capacity of drugs in soils. Toxic effects were evaluated by inhibition or acute toxicity tests on six organism species: algae, plants, daphnia, fish, earthworms and quails. The log K values (Freundlich model) of drugs were: lincomycin in laterite soil was 1.82; monensin in laterite soil was 2.76; and roxarsone in black soil was 1.29. The R value of lincomycin, roxarsone, monensin were 0.4995, 0.4493 and 0.8348 in laterite soil, and 0.5258, 0.5835 and 0.8033 in black soil, respectively. The EC for , , and LC/LD for , , and Coturnix coturnix were: 13.15 mg/L,32.18 mg/kg dry soil,292.6 mg/L,452.7 mg/L,5.74 g/kg dry soil and 103.9 mg/kg (roxarsone); 1.085 mg/L, 25 mg/kg dry soil, 21.1 mg/L, 4.76 mg/L, 0.346 g/kg dry soil and 672.8 mg/kg (monensin); 0.813 mg/L, 35.40 mg/kg dry soil, >400 mg/L, >2800 mg/L, >15 g/kg dry soil, >2000 mg/kg (lincomycin). These results showed that the environmental effects of veterinary drug residues should not be neglected, due to their mobility in environmental media and potential toxic effects on environmental organisms.
Topics: Animals; Arabidopsis; Coturnix; Daphnia; Lincomycin; Monensin; Oligochaeta; Roxarsone; Scenedesmus; Zebrafish
PubMed: 31817501
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244465 -
Veterinary Microbiology Mar 2022Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis infection is associated with the inflammation of the genital tract and cloaca, embryo lethality and decreased egg production in geese,...
Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis infection is associated with the inflammation of the genital tract and cloaca, embryo lethality and decreased egg production in geese, leading to serious economic losses. This bacterium has so far been described in Europe and Asia. There is no commercially available vaccine against M. anserisalpingitidis, thus treatment of waterfowl mycoplasmosis relies mainly on antimicrobial therapy. However, M. anserisalpingitidis isolates with decreased susceptibility to macrolides and lincomycin have been reported before. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of tilmicosin, tylosin, tylvalosin and lincomycin were determined against 82 M. anserisalpingitidis isolates originating from Hungary, Poland, China and Vietnam. Whole-genome sequence analyses revealed two mutations in the 23S rRNA coding regions and one mutation in the 50S ribosomal protein L22 coding gene possibly correlating with decreased susceptibility to the examined antibiotics. Mismatch amplification mutation assays coupled with melt analysis (melt-MAMAs) were designed to detect the nucleotide substitutions. This study is the first to describe resistance-related mutations in the goose pathogen M. anserisalpingitidis. The developed molecular assays support targeted antibiotic usage, hence their use may help to reduce the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Lincomycin; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 35144043
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109362 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Sep 2023Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid and a safe antibiotic alternative. During 35 days, this study compared the impact of coated SB (Butirex C4) and...
Impact of buffered sodium butyrate as a partial or total dietary alternative to lincomycin on performance, IGF-1 and TLR4 genes expression, serum indices, intestinal histomorphometry, Clostridia, and litter hygiene of broiler chickens.
BACKGROUND
Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid and a safe antibiotic alternative. During 35 days, this study compared the impact of coated SB (Butirex C4) and lincomycin (Lincomix) on broiler growth, gut health, and litter hygiene in 1200 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were randomly assigned into 5-dietary groups with 5-replications each. Groups divided as follows: T1: Basal diet (control), T2: Basal diet with buffered SB (1 kg/ton starter feed, 0.5 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds), T3: Basal diet with 100 g/ton lincomycin, T4: Basal diet with buffered SB (0.5 kg/ton starter feed, 0.25 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds) + 50 g/ton lincomycin, and T5: Basal diet with buffered SB (1 kg/ton starter feed, 0.5 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds) + 50 g/ton lincomycin. Birds were housed in a semi-closed deep litter house, where feed and water were available ad libitum. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests.
RESULTS
Combined dietary supplementation with SB and lincomycin (T4 and T5) significantly enhanced body weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio, and profitability index. Also, carcasses in T4 and T5 exhibited the highest dressing, breast, thigh, and liver yields. T5 revealed the best blood biochemical indices, while T3 showed significantly elevated liver and kidney function indices. T4 and T5 exhibited the highest expression levels of IGF-1 and TLR4 genes, the greatest villi length of the intestinal mucosa, and the lowest levels of litter moisture and nitrogen. Clostridia perfringens type A alpha-toxin gene was confirmed in birds' caeca, with the lowest clostridial counts defined in T4.
CONCLUSIONS
Replacing half the dose of lincomycin (50 g/ton) with 0.5 or 1 kg/ton coated SB as a dietary supplement mixture showed the most efficient privileges concerning birds' performance and health.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Butyric Acid; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Lincomycin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37770986
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00704-y -
Journal of Environmental Management May 2024The extensive use of pharmaceuticals has raised growing concerns regarding their presence in surface waters. High concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and lincomycin...
The extensive use of pharmaceuticals has raised growing concerns regarding their presence in surface waters. High concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and lincomycin (LIN), as commonly prescribed antibiotics, persist in various wastewaters and surface waters, posing risks to public health and the environment. Biochar derived from accessible biowaste, like activated sludge biomass, offers a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to mitigate antibiotic release into water systems. This study investigates the effectiveness of HPO-modified activated sludge-based biochar (PBC) synthesized through microwave (MW) heating for the adsorption of SMX and LIN antibiotics. The synthesis parameters of PBC were optimized using a central composite design considering MW power, time, and HPO concentration. Characterization results validate the efficacy of the synthesis process creating a specific surface area of 365 m/g, and well-developed porosity with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Batch and dynamic adsorption experiments were piloted to assess the adsorption performance of PBC in single and binary antibiotic systems. Results show that PBC exhibits a higher affinity for SMX rather than LIN, with maximum adsorption capacities of 45.6 mg/g and 26.6 mg/g, respectively. Based on kinetic studies chemisorption is suggested as the primary mechanism for SMX and LIN removal. Equilibrium studies show a strong agreement with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm, suggesting a composite adsorption mechanism with a greater probability of multilayer adsorption for both antibiotics. Hydrogen bonding and π-π electron sharing are suggested as the prevailing adsorption mechanisms of SMX and LIN on the modified biochar. Furthermore, a dynamic adsorption system was replicated using a fixed bed column setup, demonstrating effective removal of SMX and LIN from pure water and real wastewater samples using PBC-loaded hydrogel beads (PBC-B). These findings serve as crucial support for upcoming studies concerning the realistic application of sludge-based biochar in the removal of antibiotics from water systems.
Topics: Lincomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Charcoal; Adsorption; Sewage; Biomass; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Kinetics; Wastewater; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38593733
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120742 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1969
Topics: Adult; Endocarditis; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Q Fever; Tetracycline
PubMed: 5762290
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5637.185-d -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Aug 2022Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis (MRSL) strains showing resistance to several common antibiotics have been reported recently. Sequence type (ST) 3 MRSL...
An (A)-Carrying Multi-Resistance Plasmid Derived from Sequence Type 3 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis May Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis (MRSL) strains showing resistance to several common antibiotics have been reported recently. Sequence type (ST) 3 MRSL carrying SCC types IV, V, or Vt is the major lineage associated with health care-associated infections. We aimed to investigate the distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in this lineage. Two representative ST3-MRSL strains, CGMH-SL131 (SCC V) and CGMH-SL138 (SCC IV), were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes and screening of susceptibility patterns were performed for 30 ST3-MRSL and 16 ST6-MRSL strains via PCR and standard methods. Except for and , antimicrobial resistance genes were located within two plasmids: a 28.6 kb (A)-carrying plasmid (pCGMH_SL138) in CGMH-SL138 and a 26 kb plasmid carrying non-(A) resistance genes (pCGMH_SL131) in CGMH-SL131. Both plasmids shared common genetic features with multiple copies of IS flanked by genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside ( and ), TET (), and cadmium () and tolerance to chlorhexidine (/); however, only pCGMH_SL138 harbored (A) that conferred resistance to lincomycin and that encodes a replication initiation protein. Unlike ST6-MRSL, none of the ST3-MRSL isolates contained the gene. Instead, most isolates harbored (A) (20/30, 66.7%), and several other resistance genes found on pCGMH_SL138. These isolates and transformants containing pCGMH_SL138 exhibited susceptibility to ERY and higher MICs for lincomycin and aforementioned antibiotics. A novel (A)-carrying plasmid, pCGMH_SL138, that harbored a multiresistance gene cluster, was identified in ST3-MRSL strains and may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in staphylococci.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Lincomycin; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus lugdunensis
PubMed: 35876576
DOI: 10.1128/aac.00197-22 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2021As the antibiotic pollution source in the environment, a large amount of biowastes generated from antibiotic fermentation manufacture needs proper disposal. Recycling...
As the antibiotic pollution source in the environment, a large amount of biowastes generated from antibiotic fermentation manufacture needs proper disposal. Recycling the biowaste as resources and nutrients is of great interest. Besides, degradation or removal of antibiotics is indispensable for the reclamation of antibiotic manufacturing biowaste. To establish environmentally friendly disposal strategies for lincomycin manufacturing biowaste (LMB), we screened the microbial strains that could efficiently degrade lincomycin from the antibiotic wastewater treatment plant. Among them, three novel strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis (strain LMB-A), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (strain LMB-D) and Penicillium oxalicum (strain LMB-E), respectively. LMB-A and LMB-D could degrade 92.69% and 74.05% of lincomycin with an initial concentration of 1117.55 mg/L in 144 h, respectively. The lincomycin degradation products were formed by the breakage of amide bond or losing N-demethyl/thiomethyl group from the pyrrolidine/pyranose ringcata cata catalyzed by the strains. Moreover, LMB-A could decontaminate LMB, and the decontaminated LMB could be used as a nitrogen source to culture salt-resistant bacteria and other useful microorganisms. LMB-A and LMB-D have the potential to be used for the bioremediation of water and soil polluted by lincomycin and its analogs. LMB-E could degrade 88.20% LMB after 144-h cultivation. In summary, this study gives an insight into the green disposal of LMB, and the established strategy has potential application for biotreatment of other antibiotic fermentation manufacturing biowastes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fermentation; Lincomycin; Penicillium; Rhodotorula; Soil
PubMed: 33360784
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111802 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2019Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Canadian hatcheries for many years to prevent early mortality in chicks, leading to a high...
Effect of Cessation of Ceftiofur and Substitution with Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Canadian Broiler Production Pyramid.
Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Canadian hatcheries for many years to prevent early mortality in chicks, leading to a high prevalence of cephalosporin resistance in in chickens. Preventive use of ceftiofur in hatcheries ceased in 2014. We examined the effect of ceftiofur cessation ( = 40 flocks with ceftiofur and = 28 flocks without antimicrobial at hatchery) and its replacement with an antimicrobial combination, lincomycin-spectinomycin ( = 32), at the hatchery on the proportion of samples with positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-related genes, and on the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL/AmpC-positive in broilers and their associated breeders ( = 46 samples), at 1 year postcessation. For indicator from nonenriched media, a significant decrease postcessation in the proportion of samples harboring isolates positive for and/or was observed. In contrast, following enrichment in medium containing ceftriaxone (1 mg/liter) to facilitate recovery of ESBL/AmpC β-lactamase-producing colonies, both pre- and postcessation, 99% of the samples harbored positive for or Among the 15 tested antimicrobial agents, flocks receiving lincomycin-spectinomycin after cessation of ceftiofur showed a significantly greater nonsusceptibility to aminoglycosides, folate inhibitors, phenicols, and tetracyclines and a greater proportion of possible extensively drug-resistant than those receiving ceftiofur or no antimicrobial at hatchery. This study clearly demonstrates an initial decrease in ESBL/AmpC-positive following the cessation of ceftiofur in the hatchery but an increase in antimicrobial non-β-lactam resistance of ESBL/AmpC-positive following replacement with lincomycin-spectinomycin. Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The antimicrobial ceftiofur has been used worldwide for disease prevention in poultry production, resulting in a greatly increased resistance to this antimicrobial important in poultry and human medicine. Our study examined the impact of ceftiofur cessation and its replacement with the antimicrobial combination lincomycin-spectinomycin, a common practice in the industry. Our study demonstrated a decrease in ceftiofur resistance after the cessation of ceftiofur use, although the resistance genes remain ubiquitous in all phases of poultry production, showing that poultry remains a reservoir for ceftiofur resistance and requiring continued vigilance. We also observed a decrease in multidrug resistance involving different antimicrobial classes after cessation of ceftiofur but an increase following use of lincomycin-spectinomycin, indicating that this antimicrobial use should be questioned. Reduced resistance to ceftiofur in poultry may translate to better treatment efficacy, decreased morbidity/mortality, and enhanced food safety for humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Cephalosporins; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Lincomycin; Poultry Diseases; Quebec; Spectinomycin; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31028030
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00037-19