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Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2020
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lingual Thyroid; Male; Medical Illustration
PubMed: 31852241
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319885714 -
Clinical Case Reports Oct 2020Lingual thyroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any base of tongue mass. Examination may reveal worrisome obstructive findings. However, a majority...
Lingual thyroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any base of tongue mass. Examination may reveal worrisome obstructive findings. However, a majority of patients are hypothyroid and respond favorably to hormone replacement therapy upfront. Surgery is reserved for patients unresponsive to medical management or those with severe obstruction.
PubMed: 33088556
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3036 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2023Lingual thyroid is a rare congenital disorder displaying ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue. This is the most common location for ectopic thyroid tissue...
Lingual thyroid is a rare congenital disorder displaying ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue. This is the most common location for ectopic thyroid tissue and is usually the only thyroid tissue present. This is a case report of a 16-year-old female who presented with nasal congestion. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy showed swelling at the base of the tongue and an ultrasound examination of the neck was without visible thyroid tissue. A 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy confirmed the clinical diagnosis. As the patient was euthyroid and without symptoms active surveillance was planned.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Lingual Thyroid; Neck; Tongue; Thyroid Dysgenesis
PubMed: 37114580
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Dec 2022Patients diagnosed with Lingual thyroid (LT) may have second thyroid anomaly (STA).Given rarity of dual ectopics/anomalies, standardized management recommendations are...
Patients diagnosed with Lingual thyroid (LT) may have second thyroid anomaly (STA).Given rarity of dual ectopics/anomalies, standardized management recommendations are lacking. We aimed to describe our experience in management of LT with STA and suggest a management algorithm. We conducted a retrospectivechart review of patients diagnosed with LT between Jul-2013 and Dec-2019. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, endocrine-profile, associated STA treatment received, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Eight patients (female-7 cases, male-1 case, adult-4 cases, children-4 cases, mean age-18.1 years, range 6-43 years) with LT were identified. Four(50%) cases had STA in addition to LT (thyroglossal cyst in two-cases, sublingual thyroid in one-case and sub-mental thyroid in one-case) and presented as neck mass. Diagnosis was confirmed with flexible-nasopharyngoscopy,ultrasonography,thyroid-scintigraphy and computed-tomography. Ectopic thyroid(s) was/were only functional thyroid gland with absence of normal thyroid in all cases. Two- cases had symptomatic for LT and were managed by coblation assisted excision of LT in one and I ablation in one-case.All adult patients were hypothyroidand received thyroxin.All pediatric cases were euthyroidand received no surgical intervention for LT.Three patients required surgery for STA; Sistrunk surgery in two and excision of submental thyroid in one. All cases were asymptomatic. These results were utilized to suggest a management algorithm for LT with STA. LT patients with STA are more symptomatic and required more surgical interventions in compare to isolated LT. When appropriate, excision of STA with/without intervention for LT and thyroxin is advocated as the treatment modality of choice in LT patients with STA.
PubMed: 36742580
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02493-0 -
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism... May 2020Lingual thyroid (LT) gland is the most common type of ectopic thyroid tissue, but it is an extremely rare presentation. We present a case of a 41-year-old Hispanic...
SUMMARY
Lingual thyroid (LT) gland is the most common type of ectopic thyroid tissue, but it is an extremely rare presentation. We present a case of a 41-year-old Hispanic female patient complaining of dysphonia and dysphagia. As part of the evaluation, fiber optic flexible indirect laryngoscopy (FIL) was performed which revealed a mass at the base of the tongue. The morphological examination was highly suspicious for ectopic thyroid tissue and the diagnosis was confirmed with neck ultrasound and thyroid scintigraphy. Although the patient presented subclinical hypothyroidism, levothyroxine therapy was initiated with a favorable response which included resolution of symptoms and mass size reduction. Our case portrays how thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) may lead to a reduction in the size of the ectopic tissue and improvement of symptoms, thus avoiding the need for surgical intervention which could result in profound hypothyroidism severely affecting the patients' quality of life.
LEARNING POINTS
Benign LT and malignant LT are indistinguishable clinically and radiographically for which histopathology is recommended. THRT, radioactive iodine 131 (RAI) therapy, and surgical excision are potential management options for LT. THRT may lead to size reduction of the ectopic tissue and resolution of symptoms avoiding surgical intervention.
PubMed: 32478670
DOI: 10.1530/EDM-20-0026 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2024: Typically, the external carotid artery (ECA) sends off separate anterior branches: the superior thyroid, lingual, and facial arteries. These could, however, form...
: Typically, the external carotid artery (ECA) sends off separate anterior branches: the superior thyroid, lingual, and facial arteries. These could, however, form common trunks: thyrolinguofacial, linguofacial (LFT), or thyrolingual. Although known, the LFT variant was poorly detailed previously, and most authors just counted the variant. We aimed to demonstrate the individual anatomical possibilities of the LFT on a case-by-case basis. : 150 archived angioCT files were used. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 147 files of 86 males and 61 females were kept for this study. : In 34/147 cases, LFTs were found (23.12%). Bilateral LFTs were found in 13/34 cases (38.24%) and unilateral LFTs in 21/34 (61.76%) cases. Forty-seven LFTs were thus identified and further studied for different variables. Regarding the vertical topography of LFT origin, type 1a (suprahyoid and infragonial) was found in 28 LFTs (59.57%), type 1b (suprahyoid and gonial) was found in eight LFTs (17.02%), type 3 (suprahyoid and supragonial) was found in two LFTs (4.25%), type 2 (hyoid level of origin) in eight LFTs (17.02%), and type 3 (infrahyoid origin) in just one LFT (2.12%). Types of the initial course of the LFT were determined: type I, ascending, was found in 22/47 LFTs; type II, descending, in 12/47 LFTs; and type III, transverse, in 13/47 LFTs. Regarding the orientation of the first loop of the LFT, 23/47 LFTs had no loop, 4/47 had anterior loops, 1/47 had a posterior loop, 5/47 had superior loops, 5/47 had inferior loops, and 9/47 had medial loops. The position of the LFT relative to the ECA was classified as medial, anterior, or antero-medial. An amount of 12/47 LFTs were anterior to the ECA, 22/47 were antero-medial, 10/47 were medial, 2/47 were inferior, and 1/47 was lateral. Regarding their general morphology, 23/47 LFTs had a rectilinear course, 22/47 had loops, and 2/47 were coiled. A case-by-case presentation of results further demonstrated the diversity of the LFT. : In conclusion, the morphology and topography of the LFT are individually specific and unpredictable. It can be anticipated case-by-case by surgeons on CT or MR angiograms.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Carotid Artery, External; Thyroid Gland; Tongue; Arteries; Liver Function Tests
PubMed: 38399578
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020291 -
Current Medical Imaging 2021Embryologic developmental variants of the thyroid and parathyroid glands may cause cervical anomalies that are detectable in ultrasound examinations of the neck. For...
Embryologic developmental variants of the thyroid and parathyroid glands may cause cervical anomalies that are detectable in ultrasound examinations of the neck. For some of these developmental variants, molecular genetic factors have been identified. Ultrasound, as the first-line imaging procedure, has proven useful in detecting clinically relevant anatomic variants. The aim of this article was to systematically summarize the ultrasound characteristics of developmental variants of the thyroid and parathyroid glands as well as ectopic thymus and neck cysts. Quantitative measures were developed based on our findings and the respective literature. Developmental anomalies frequently manifest as cysts that can be detected by cervical ultrasound examinations. Median neck cysts are the most common congenital cervical cystic lesions, with a reported prevalence of 7% in the general population. Besides cystic malformations, developmental anomalies may appear as ectopic or dystopic tissue. Ectopic thyroid tissue is observed in the midline of the neck in most patients and has a prevalence of 1/100,000 to 1/300,000. Lingual thyroid accounts for 90% of cases of ectopic thyroid tissue. Zuckerkandl tubercles (ZTs) have been detected in 55% of all thyroid lobes. Prominent ZTs are frequently observed in thyroid lobes affected by autoimmune thyroiditis compared with normal lobes or nodular lobes (P = 0.006). The correct interpretation of the ultrasound characteristics of these variants is essential to establish the clinical diagnosis. In the preoperative assessment, the identification of these cervical anomalies via ultrasound examination is indispensable.
Topics: Humans; Neck; Parathyroid Glands; Thyroid Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33504311
DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210127162328