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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020As a serious complication of diabetes, nonhealing skin ulcer leads to high mortality and disability in diabetic patients. However, limited therapy is available in...
As a serious complication of diabetes, nonhealing skin ulcer leads to high mortality and disability in diabetic patients. However, limited therapy is available in managing diabetic wounds. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to systematically investigate the effect of Huangbai (HB) liniment, a traditional Chinese medicine, on the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic wound. HB liniment significantly accelerated the wound closure and enhanced the generation of extracellular matrix in diabetic rats, and oxidative stress was identified to play a vital role in HB-mediated wound healing. Importantly, HB liniment activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant genes (e.g., genes involved in glutathione system, thioredoxin system, and GAPDH generation as well as other antioxidant genes), which inhibited oxidative damage and apoptosis. By associating drug targets of HB liniment with Nrf2 and its downstream genes, 54 components in HB liniment were screened out, and the majority was from Cortex Phellodendri and Forsythia suspensa. Additionally, HB liniment enhanced TGF-1 and reduced MMP9 level, accelerating wound healing in diabetes. The experiment showed HB facilitated cell proliferation and inhibited oxidative damage in high glucose-induced HaCaT cells. Our findings provided the experimental evidence for the treatment of diabetic wound with HB, clarified the potential mechanism of HB, and improved our understanding of diabetic wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Glucose; HaCaT Cells; Humans; Liniments; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Quercetin; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Streptozocin; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32566084
DOI: 10.1155/2020/4951820 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2022Diabetic ulcer is a challenging complication of diabetes mellitus but current treatments cannot achieve satisfactory results. In this study, the effect of Huangbai...
Diabetic ulcer is a challenging complication of diabetes mellitus but current treatments cannot achieve satisfactory results. In this study, the effect of Huangbai liniment (HB) and berberine on the wound healing in high fat diet/streptozotocin injection induced diabetic rats was investigated by RNA-seq technology. HB topical treatment promoted wound healing in the diabetic patients and diabetic rats, and it affected multiple processes, of which IL-17 signalling pathway was of importance. Inhibiting IL-17a by its inhibitor or antibody remarkably facilitated wound healing and HB significantly repressed the high IL-17 expression and its downstream targets, including Cxcl1, Ccl2, Mmp3, Mmp9, G-CSF, IL1B and IL6, in diabetic wounds, promoted T-AOC, SOD activity and GSH levels; decreased the levels of nitrotyrosine and 8-OHdG; enhanced angiogenesis-related CD31, PDGF-BB and ANG1 expression; inhibited cleaved caspase-3 levels and promoted TIMP1 and TGFB1. Moreover, berberine (a major component in HB) repressed the IL-17 signalling pathway, and promoted wound healing in diabetes mellitus. This study highlights the strategy of targeting IL-17a in diabetic wounds, deepens the understanding of wound healing in diabetes mellitus in a dynamic way and reveals the characteristics of HB and berberine in promoting wound healing of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Interleukin-17; Liniments; Rats; Streptozocin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35430394
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112948 -
American Journal of Translational... 2022To explore the effects of Huhuang Burn Liniment on wound healing and levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with mixed...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of Huhuang Burn Liniment on wound healing and levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.
METHODS
The clinical data of 113 patients with mixed hemorrhoids admitted to Chongqing Sanxia Central Hospital were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, and were divided into two groups according to different postoperative treatments. Group A was treated with 1/5000 potassium permanganate sitz bath after surgery, while group B was treated with Huhuang Burn Liniment. The treatment efficacy, wound healing time, level of pain, exudation, edema, granulation scores, anal function index, levels of IL-10 and MMP-9, quality of life scores, and complications were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The effective rate of group B (94.74%) was higher than that of group A (60.71%) ( < 0.05). Group B had shorter length of anorectal hyperbaric zone, higher anal canal resting pressure, anal canal diastolic pressure, and anal canal systolic maximum pressure ( < 0.05), lower scores of trauma pain, edema, exudation, and granulation ( < 0.05), higher IL-10 levels, and lower MMP-9 levels ( < 0.05). The complication rate of group B (8.77%) was lower than that in group A (23.21%) ( < 0.05). After treatment, group B had shorter wound healing time and higher quality of life score than group A ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The application of Huhuang Burn Liniment in patients with mixed hemorrhoids after surgery could promote wound healing and anal function, reduce trauma pain, exudation and edema, and improve quality of life.
PubMed: 36398208
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases and is characterized by allergic skin inflammation, redness, and itchiness...
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is one of the most common skin diseases and is characterized by allergic skin inflammation, redness, and itchiness and is associated with a hyperactivated type 2 immune response. The leading causes of AD include an imbalance in the immune system, genetic predisposition, or environmental factors, making the development of effective pharmacotherapies complex. Steroids are widely used to treat AD; however, they provide limited efficacy in the long term and can lead to adverse effects. Thus, novel treatments that offer durable efficacy and fewer side effects are urgently needed. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Huangbai Liniment (HB), a traditional Chinese medicine, using an experimental AD mouse model, following our clinical observations of AD patients. In both AD patient and the mouse disease model, HB significantly improved the disease condition. Specifically, patients who received HB treatment on local skin lesions (3-4 times/day) showed improved resolution of inflammation. Using the 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD model in BALB/c mice, we observed that HB profoundly alleviated severe skin inflammation and relieved the itching. The dermatopathological results showed markedly reversed skin inflammation with decreased epidermal thickness and overall cellularity. Correspondingly, HB treatment largely decreased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-13, associated with declined gene expression of IL-33, ST2, and GATA3, which are connected to the type 2 immune response. In addition, HB restored immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T (T) cells and inhibiting the generation of T1, T2, and T17 cells and in the DNCB-induced AD mouse model. For the first time, we demonstrate that HB markedly mitigates skin inflammation in AD patients and the DNCB-induced AD mouse model by reinvigorating the T cell immune balance, shedding light on the future development and application of novel HB-based therapeutics for AD.
PubMed: 34531749
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726035 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Compound methyl salicylate liniment (Ammeltz) is composed of various components, such as methyl salicylate, menthol, camphor, chlorpheniramine maleate, and thymol. It...
Compound methyl salicylate liniment (Ammeltz) is composed of various components, such as methyl salicylate, menthol, camphor, chlorpheniramine maleate, and thymol. It was approved for listing in China in 2011. The purpose of this phase Ⅳ clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ammeltz in a real-life environment in China. Adverse events and adverse drug reactions were used to assess the safety of the monitored drugs. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were evaluated to assess the severity of pain and the pain relief rate was used to evaluate the efficacy of the study drug. Of 3,600 subjects enrolled, 3,515 (97.64%) subjects completed the study and 85 (2.36%) terminated the study prematurely. A total of 277 adverse events occurred in 258 subjects (7.28%). The most common adverse events included upper respiratory infections (130 cases, 3.67%), local pruritus (17 cases, 0.48%), and diarrhea (12 cases, 0.34%). A total of 50 (1.41%) subjects experienced 58 adverse drug reactions. The most common adverse drug reactions included local pruritus (17 cases, 0.48%), a burning sensation at the application site (10 cases, 0.28%), and irritation at the application site (local) (7 cases, 0.2%). No adverse reactions were identified as new adverse drug reactions. The majority of adverse drug reactions were mild (48 cases, 1.36%), and no severe adverse drug reactions occurred. The subjects experienced significant pain relief after using Ammeltz (mean VAS scores: 5.34 . 2.79; Day 7 ± 1 . Baseline; < 0.0001). The pain relief rate was 47.11% ± 23.13%, and in 2,769 cases (78.31%) the drug was effective in pain relief. After excluding subjects who used drugs that could affect the efficacy of the study drug, the subgroups of subjects experienced significant pain relief after using Ammeltz (mean VAS scores: 5.31 vs 2.77; Day 7 ± 1 vs Baseline; < 0.0001). The pain relief rate was 47.34% ± 23.00%, and 2,612 subjects (78.75%) experienced effective pain relief. In conclusion, Ammeltz is safe and effective in real-life use. It can significantly relieve soft tissue pain caused by shoulder and neck pain, back pain, or muscle pain. No new adverse drug reactions were found in our multicenter real-world study. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05489939?cond=Safety+and+efficacy+of+compound+methyl+salicylate+liniment+for+topical+pain%3A+A+multicenter+real-world+study+in+China&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT05489939.
PubMed: 36339533
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015941 -
American Journal of Translational... 2023To analyze the effect of polydatin (PD) from Huhuang Shaoshang Liniment on oxidative damage and inflammatory response in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R),...
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effect of polydatin (PD) from Huhuang Shaoshang Liniment on oxidative damage and inflammatory response in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R), and the effect of PD on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) pathway.
METHODS
The rat model of focal CI/R was established using suture-occlusion method and treated with intraperitoneal injection of PD (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the PD content in three batches of Huhuang Shaoshang Liniment. The neurological function scores of each group were observed at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively. The hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was conducted to observe the morphological structure of brain tissue, the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to determine the size of cerebral infarction, and the neuronal apoptotic index was calculated using image analysis system under the optical microscope. The expressions of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and neuronal apoptosis-related proteins in brain tissue were measured using Western blot.
RESULTS
The PD content in three batches of Huhuang Shaoshang Liniment was detected by HPLC, and the average result showed that the product contained 0.73 mg PD per 1 mL. The PD 50 mg/kg group and 25 mg/kg group showed lower neurological function scores at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively, lower percentage of cerebral infarction area on the ischemic side and apoptotic index, lower interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and lower Bax protein expression (P < 0.05), and showed higher IL-4, IL-10, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and c-Myc protein expression than the CI/R group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
PD from Huhuang Shaoshang Liniment can alleviate neurological damage, improve neuronal morphology and structure, reduce cerebral infarction area, alleviate oxidative damage and inflammatory response, and inhibit neuronal cell apoptosis in CI/R model rats.
PubMed: 36915795
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... Dec 2019Kerosene poisoning is one of the most common accidental poisoning in children in developing countries due common use of kerosene in house-hold and unsafe storage...
UNLABELLED
Kerosene poisoning is one of the most common accidental poisoning in children in developing countries due common use of kerosene in house-hold and unsafe storage practices. Aspiration pneumonitis is the most common manifestation of kerosene ingestion due to its low viscosity, high volatility, and low surface tension. The treatment of aspiration pneumonitis due to kerosene poisoning is symptomatic including oxygen support, respiratory monitoring, and careful monitoring of fluid balance. Children with severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia unresponsive to supplemental oxygen and/or severe central nervous system involvement require early intubation and mechanical ventilation. Transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is required at this stage. Emesis, gastric lavage, and administration of activated charcoal are contraindicated due to risk of aspiration. There is no clear benefit of using corticosteroids or prophylactic antibiotics. Asymptomatic children should be kept under observation for atleast 6 hours after exposure. The mortality rate is low and death occurs due to pneumonitis. Camphor is used in house-hold items including vaporized or topical cold preparations, liniments, moth repellents, for performing rituals in religious ceremonies, and in antimicrobial preparations. Camphor poisoning is not very common in childhood. Even small doses of camphor can cause serious toxicity and is potentially fatal. The onset of action is very rapid (5-15 minutes). The common manifestations are confusion, restlessness, delirium, and hallucinations, muscle twitching, myoclonus, ataxia, hyperreflexia, fasciculations, and seizures. Seizures are common and serious complication in camphor toxicity. The treatment is supportive including decontamination, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and seizure control. Naphthalene is a major constituent of mothballs which are commonly used in household to protect clothes from moths. Though the poisoning with naphthalene is uncommon in children, most of the cases with naphthalene poisoning occur in developing countries where mothballs are still commonly used. The manifestations of naphthalene toxicity are predominantly due to acute intravascular hemolysis leading to anemia, hemoglobinuria, methemoglobinemia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). The treatment of naphthalene toxicity is supportive in form of transfusion of the packed red blood cells, monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance, administration of alkalis in presence of hemoglobinuria, and renal replacement therapy. Prevention is better than cure. The strategies should be adopted to prevent children being exposed to these toxic compounds in the house-hold. Safe storage of toxic compounds away from the reach of children, avoiding storing kerosene in cold drink and beverage bottles, community education, provision of electricity in rural areas, safe cooking practices, and parental supervision are important interventions to prevent accidental poisoning among children.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Kumar S, Kavitha TK, Angurana SK. Kerosene, Camphor, and Naphthalene Poisoning in Children. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(Suppl 4):S278-S281.
PubMed: 32021004
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23316 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care... Dec 2020Generic drugs are heavily promoted in Japan. The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to clarify whether the frequency and reason that patients request a...
BACKGROUND
Generic drugs are heavily promoted in Japan. The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to clarify whether the frequency and reason that patients request a switch from a generic drug to the original drug differ according to therapeutic category and dosage form.
METHODS
This study was performed at Chiba University Hospital. Prescription inquiries about 121 generic drugs from community pharmacies over a 3-year period (from July 2014 to June 2017) were analyzed.
RESULTS
Approximately 30% of the requests were related to the efficacy, safety, and comfort of the generic drug. The most cited motive was "patient's desire with no reason given" at 44.5%. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, therapeutic categories and dosage forms were associated with the requests. The median request frequency differed according to therapeutic category and dosage form. The frequency was highest for "agents affecting the central nervous system" and "tablets and capsules", respectively. Among the therapeutic categories, "agents affecting the central nervous system" had the highest median number of requests related to "decreased effectiveness"; "cardiovascular agents" had the highest median number of requests related to "physician's instruction"; and "agents for the epidermis" had the highest median number of requests related to "uncomfortable to use". Among dosage forms, the odds ratio for patients' original drug request for "liniment and patch" was about 1.5 times that for "tablets and capsules". "Liniment and patch" had the highest median frequency of requests related to "decreased effectiveness", "uncomfortable to use", and "patient's desire with no reason given".
CONCLUSIONS
The request frequency and reason differed according to therapeutic category and dosage form. Pharmacists should advise each patient properly about the choice and switching of drug brands, taking into account the therapeutic category and dosage form, especially liniments and patches.
PubMed: 33292744
DOI: 10.1186/s40780-020-00180-w -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... May 2023This study aims to introduce compound glycyrrhizin injection for the treatment of rosacea by mesoderm therapy, and further analyze the therapeutic and aesthetic effects...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to introduce compound glycyrrhizin injection for the treatment of rosacea by mesoderm therapy, and further analyze the therapeutic and aesthetic effects of this treatment method and its impact on the dermatological quality of life index, which provides new ideas and methods for cosmetic dermatology treatment of rosacea.
METHODS
The recruited rosacea patients were divided into Control group (n = 58) and observation group (n = 58) according to the random number table. The control group was treated with topical metronidazole clindamycin liniment, and the study group was additionally used mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content in corneum, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in rosacea patients were evaluated.
RESULTS
Our results showed that the scores of erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, and papulopustule were significantly reduced in the observation group. In addition, the observation group significantly decreased TEWL and increased the water content of the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the observation group significantly reduced the DLQI of rosacea patients compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION
The use of mesoderm therapy combined with compound glycyrrhizic acid has a therapeutic effect on facial rosacea and improves patient satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Quality of Life; Rosacea; Erythema; Metronidazole
PubMed: 37231926
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13328 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Cod liver oil has anti-inflammatory properties and could help regulate recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate and improve...
Cod liver oil has anti-inflammatory properties and could help regulate recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). An orthogonal experiment was used to evaluate and improve the dosage form of compound cod liver oil, which has replaced the previously used liniment preparation based on film method. An orthogonal experiment was adopted, and the appearance and film-forming time of the film coating agents were used as indicators. The optimal ratio in the preparation process for the compound cod liver oil film agent was then optimized. A method for determination of compound cod liver oil film was established using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that the blank films prepared using 55 mg polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA low), 45 mg of PVA (PVA medium), and 10 mg glycerol had the optimal performance, which was defined as PVAa. The drug-carrying film prepared from 3 mL PVAa (i.e., film-forming material with the optimal proportion), 30 mg dexamethasone acetate, and 30 mg metronidazole had the optimal performance. The verified sample has a complete and smooth appearance, uniform thickness and color, and no evident bubbles, which meets the requirements for a film agent defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition. HPLC was used to determine the major components: dexamethasone acetate, metronidazole, and dyclonine hydrochloride, and the optimal separation effect was obtained. The method has advantages of good specificity, good linear results, high recovery rate, and good repeatability. This study proposes an optimized compound cod liver oil film former agent and preparation method. The results indicate that the compound cod liver oil film former agent had good performance, reflecting the high feasibility of this research method. The detection method of compound cod liver oil film was established by HPLC. The method was feasible, and the validity and stability of the formulation and preparation technology were guaranteed. The role of the newly developed agent in patients with RAS should be investigated further.
PubMed: 38495097
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1296448