-
International Journal of Occupational... Apr 2022Lipidomics belongs to the family of the so-called omics domains, which, based on modern chemical technologies, strive to explain the biological principles of the... (Review)
Review
Lipidomics belongs to the family of the so-called omics domains, which, based on modern chemical technologies, strive to explain the biological principles of the organism's functioning. Main biological functions of lipids include energy storage, the formation of cell membranes, and participation in the transmission of biological signals, and their dysregulation is responsible for the development of pathological states. Thanks to lipid profiling, potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis can be identified. This paper discusses selected examples of the use of lipidomic tests in the diagnosis of the kidney, metabolic and neoplastic diseases based on research papers published over the last few years (since 2016). Only works based on the study of human biological material by mass spectrometry methods were taken into account. The examples of lipidomics application presented in this publication are only a few of the possibilities of this technique. As potential possibilities have already been discovered, the next step for the research community is to work on standardization of the approach to lipidomic research and to develop bioinformatics methods that allow efficient processing and analysis of large amounts of data generated in this technique. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(2):111-26.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Lipids; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35072665
DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01857 -
PloS One 2023Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exossomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) have been well acknowledged as mediators of intercellular communications in prokaryotes and...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exossomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) have been well acknowledged as mediators of intercellular communications in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Lipids are essential molecular components of EVs but at the moment the knowledge about the lipid composition and the function of lipids in EVs is limited and as for now none lipidomic studies in Giardia EVs was described. Therefore, the focus of the current study was to conduct, for the first time, the characterization of the polar lipidome, namely phospholipid and sphingolipid profiles of G. lamblia trophozoites, microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, using C18-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (C18-LC-MS) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 162 lipid species were identified and semi-quantified, in the trophozoites, or in the MVs and exosomes belonging to 8 lipid classes, including the phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), cardiolipins (CL), the sphingolipid classes sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramides (Cer), and cholesterol (ST), and 3 lipid subclasses that include lyso PC (LPC), lyso PE (LPE) and lyso PG (LPG), but showing different abundances. This work also identified, for the first time, in G. lamblia trophozoites, the lipid classes CL, Cer and ST and subclasses of LPC, LPE and LPG. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed clear discrimination of lipid profiles between trophozoite, exosomes and MVs. The principal component analysis (PCA) plot of the lipidomics dataset showed clear discrimination between the three groups. Future studies focused on the composition and functional properties of Giardia EVs may prove crucial to understand the role of lipids in host-parasite communication, and to identify new targets that could be exploited to develop novel classes of drugs to treat giardiasis.
Topics: Animals; Giardia lamblia; Lipidomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Extracellular Vesicles; Giardiasis; Giardia; Ceramides; Lecithins; Phospholipids; Sphingolipids; Cardiolipins; Gastropoda
PubMed: 37683041
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291292 -
Platelets Dec 2023Ischemic cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events are a frequent cause of death in severe COVID-19 patients. Platelet activation plays a key role in these...
Ischemic cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events are a frequent cause of death in severe COVID-19 patients. Platelet activation plays a key role in these complications, however platelet lipidomics have not been studied yet. The aim of our pilot investigation was to perform a preliminary study of platelet lipidomics in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. Lipid extraction and identification of ultrapurified platelets from eight hospitalized COVID-19 patients and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls showed a lipidomic pattern almost completely separating COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. In particular, a significant decrease of ether phospholipids and increased levels of ganglioside GM3 were observed in platelets from COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that platelets from COVID-19 patients display a different lipidomics signature distinguishing them from healthy controls, and suggests that altered platelet lipid metabolism may play a role in viral spreading and in the thrombotic complications of COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Lipidomics; Blood Platelets; Platelet Activation; Thrombosis
PubMed: 37114418
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2200847 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Nov 2019The high chemical diversity of lipids allows them to perform multiple biological functions ranging from serving as structural building blocks of biological membranes to... (Review)
Review
The high chemical diversity of lipids allows them to perform multiple biological functions ranging from serving as structural building blocks of biological membranes to regulation of metabolism and signal transduction. In addition to the native lipidome, lipid species derived from enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications (the epilipidome) make the overall picture even more complex, as their functions are still largely unknown. Oxidized lipids represent the fraction of epilipidome which has attracted high scientific attention due to their apparent involvement in the onset and development of numerous human disorders. Development of high-throughput analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled on-line to mass spectrometry provides the possibility to address epilipidome diversity in complex biological samples. However, the main bottleneck of redox lipidomics, the branch of lipidomics dealing with the characterization of oxidized lipids, remains the lack of optimal computational tools for robust, accurate and specific identification of already discovered and yet unknown modified lipids. Here we discuss the main principles of high-throughput identification of lipids and their modified forms and review the main software tools currently available in redox lipidomics. Different levels of confidence for software assisted identification of redox lipidome are defined and necessary steps toward optimal computational solutions are proposed.
Topics: Animals; Cardiolipins; Ceramides; Chromatography, Liquid; Computer Simulation; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerophospholipids; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Lipidomics; Lysophospholipids; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Software; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triglycerides
PubMed: 31035005
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.027 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Single-cell (SC) analysis provides unique insight into individual cell dynamics and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Here, we utilize trapped ion mobility separation coupled...
Single-cell (SC) analysis provides unique insight into individual cell dynamics and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Here, we utilize trapped ion mobility separation coupled with dual-polarity ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to enable high-throughput in situ profiling of the SC lipidome. Multimodal SC imaging, in which dual-polarity-mode MSI is used to perform serial data acquisition runs on individual cells, significantly enhanced SC lipidome coverage. High-spatial resolution SC-MSI identifies both inter- and intracellular lipid heterogeneity; this heterogeneity is further explicated by Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and machine learning-driven classifications. We characterize SC lipidome alteration in response to stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition and, additionally, identify cell-layer specific lipid distribution patterns in mouse cerebellar cortex. This integrated multimodal SC-MSI technology enables high-resolution spatial mapping of intercellular and cell-to-cell lipidome heterogeneity, SC lipidome remodeling induced by pharmacological intervention, and region-specific lipid diversity within tissue.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Lipidomics; Multimodal Imaging; Cerebellum; Mass Spectrometry; Lipids
PubMed: 37626051
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40512-6 -
PloS One 2022Sepsis is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and is associated with morbidity and a high risk of death. Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling in sepsis can identify... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Sepsis is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and is associated with morbidity and a high risk of death. Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling in sepsis can identify alterations in metabolism and might provide useful insights into the dysregulated host response to infection, but investigations in dogs are limited. We aimed to use untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics to characterize metabolic pathways in dogs with sepsis to identify therapeutic targets and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this prospective observational cohort study, we examined the plasma metabolomes and lipidomes of 20 healthy control dogs and compared them with those of 21 client-owned dogs with sepsis. Patient data including signalment, physical exam findings, clinicopathologic data and clinical outcome were recorded. Metabolites were identified using an untargeted mass spectrometry approach and pathway analysis identified multiple enriched metabolic pathways including pyruvaldehyde degradation; ketone body metabolism; the glucose-alanine cycle; vitamin-K metabolism; arginine and betaine metabolism; the biosynthesis of various amino acid classes including the aromatic amino acids; branched chain amino acids; and metabolism of glutamine/glutamate and the glycerophospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine. Metabolites were identified with high discriminant abilities between groups which could serve as potential biomarkers of sepsis including 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin A2; 12(13)-DiHOME (12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid); and 9-HpODE (9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid). Metabolites with higher abundance in samples from nonsurvivors than survivors included 3-(2-hydroxyethyl) indole, indoxyl sulfate and xanthurenic acid. Untargeted lipidomic profiling revealed multiple sphingomyelin species (SM(d34:0)+H; SM(d36:0)+H; SM(d34:0)+HCOO; and SM(d34:1D3)+HCOO); lysophosphatidylcholine molecules (LPC(18:2)+H) and lipophosphoserine molecules (LPS(20:4)+H) that were discriminating for dogs with sepsis. These biomarkers could aid in the diagnosis of dogs with sepsis, provide prognostic information, or act as potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Dogs; Humans; Lipidomics; Metabolomics; Prospective Studies; Sepsis
PubMed: 35802586
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271137 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2021Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, are utilized... (Review)
Review
Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis of cell membranes, are utilized as an energy reserve by all marine invertebrates, and are, therefore, considered important indicators of their ecology and biochemistry. The nutritional value of commercial invertebrates directly depends on their lipid composition. The lipid classes and fatty acids of marine invertebrates have been studied in detail, but data on their lipidomes (the profiles of all lipid molecules) remain very limited. To date, lipidomes or their parts are known only for a few species of mollusks, coral polyps, ascidians, jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crabs, copepods, shrimp, and squid. This paper reviews various features of the lipid molecular species of these animals. The results of the application of the lipidomic approach in ecology, embryology, physiology, lipid biosynthesis, and in studies on the nutritional value of marine invertebrates are also discussed. The possible applications of lipidomics in the study of marine invertebrates are considered.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Invertebrates; Lipidomics
PubMed: 34940659
DOI: 10.3390/md19120660 -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Jun 2022Lipids are involved in the interaction between viral infection and the host metabolic and immunological responses. Several studies comparing the lipidome of...
BACKGROUND
Lipids are involved in the interaction between viral infection and the host metabolic and immunological responses. Several studies comparing the lipidome of COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients vs. healthy subjects have already been reported. It is largely unknown, however, whether these differences are specific to this disease. The present study compared the lipidomic signature of hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients with that of healthy subjects, as well as with COVID-19-negative patients hospitalized for other infectious/inflammatory diseases.
METHODS
We analyzed the lipidomic signature of 126 COVID-19-positive patients, 45 COVID-19-negative patients hospitalized with other infectious/inflammatory diseases and 50 healthy volunteers. A semi-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Two-hundred and eighty-three lipid species were identified and quantified. Results were interpreted by machine learning tools.
RESULTS
We identified acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, arachidonic acid and oxylipins as the most altered species in COVID-19-positive patients compared to healthy volunteers. However, we found similar alterations in COVID-19-negative patients who had other causes of inflammation. Conversely, lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6-sn2, phosphatidylcholine 36:1 and secondary bile acids were the parameters that had the greatest capacity to discriminate between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that COVID-19 infection shares many lipid alterations with other infectious/inflammatory diseases, and which differentiate them from the healthy population. The most notable alterations were observed in oxylipins, while alterations in bile acids and glycerophospholipis best distinguished between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Our results highlight the value of integrating lipidomics with machine learning algorithms to explore the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and, consequently, improve clinical decision making.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; COVID-19; Humans; Lipidomics; Machine Learning; Oxylipins
PubMed: 35381232
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155197 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2019Among the 11 members of the secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) family, group IID, IIE, IIF and III sPLAs (sPLA-IID, -IIE, -IIF and -III, respectively) are "new" isoforms in... (Review)
Review
Among the 11 members of the secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) family, group IID, IIE, IIF and III sPLAs (sPLA-IID, -IIE, -IIF and -III, respectively) are "new" isoforms in the history of sPLA research. Relative to the better characterized sPLAs (sPLA-IB, -IIA, -V and -X), the enzymatic properties, distributions, and functions of these "new" sPLAs have remained obscure until recently. Our current studies using knockout and transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLAs, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed unique and distinct roles of these "new" sPLAs in specific biological events. Thus, sPLA-IID is involved in immune suppression, sPLA-IIE in metabolic regulation and hair follicle homeostasis, sPLA-IIF in epidermal hyperplasia, and sPLA-III in male reproduction, anaphylaxis, colonic diseases, and possibly atherosclerosis. In this article, we overview current understanding of the properties and functions of these sPLAs and their underlying lipid pathways in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Homeostasis; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Phospholipases A2, Secretory
PubMed: 30905347
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.014 -
Journal of Lipid Research 2021Dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays a major role in the etiology and sequelae of inflammatory disorders, cardiometabolic and neurological diseases, and several forms... (Review)
Review
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays a major role in the etiology and sequelae of inflammatory disorders, cardiometabolic and neurological diseases, and several forms of cancer. Recent advances in lipidomic methodology allow comprehensive lipidomic profiling of clinically relevant biological samples, enabling researchers to associate lipid species and metabolic pathways with disease onset and progression. The resulting data serve not only to advance our fundamental knowledge of the underlying disease process but also to develop risk assessment models to assist in the diagnosis and management of disease. Currently, clinical applications of in-depth lipidomic profiling are largely limited to the use of research-based protocols in the analysis of population or clinical sample sets. However, we foresee the development of purpose-built clinical platforms designed for continuous operation and clinical integration-assisting health care providers with disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring. Herein, we review the current state of clinical lipidomics, including the use of research-based techniques and platforms in the analysis of clinical samples as well as assays already available to clinicians. With a primary focus on MS-based strategies, we examine instrumentation, analysis techniques, statistical models, prospective design of clinical platforms, and the possible pathways toward implementation of clinical lipidomics.
Topics: Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidomics; Lipids; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34582882
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100127