-
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2020Liposomes are well recognised as effective drug delivery systems, with a range of products approved, including follow on generic products. Current manufacturing... (Review)
Review
Liposomes are well recognised as effective drug delivery systems, with a range of products approved, including follow on generic products. Current manufacturing processes used to produce liposomes are generally complex multi-batch processes. Furthermore, liposome preparation processes adopted in the laboratory setting do not offer easy translation to large scale production, which may delay the development and adoption of new liposomal systems. To promote advancement and innovation in liposome manufacturing processes, this review considers the range of manufacturing processes available for liposomes, from laboratory scale and scale up, through to large-scale manufacture and evaluates their advantages and limitations. The regulatory considerations associated with the manufacture of liposomes is also discussed. New innovations that support leaner scalable technologies for liposome fabrication are outlined including self-assembling liposome systems and microfluidic production. The critical process attributes that impact on the liposome product attributes are outlined to support potential wider adoption of these innovations.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Liposomes
PubMed: 32650041
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.002 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020In nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery, liposomes are the most widely used drug carrier, and the only NP system currently approved by the FDA for clinical use,... (Review)
Review
In nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery, liposomes are the most widely used drug carrier, and the only NP system currently approved by the FDA for clinical use, owing to their advantageous physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Recent advances in liposome technology have been focused on bioconjugation strategies to improve drug loading, targeting, and overall efficacy. In this review, we highlight recent literature reports (covering the last five years) focused on bioconjugation strategies for the enhancement of liposome-mediated drug delivery. These advances encompass the improvement of drug loading/incorporation and the specific targeting of liposomes to the site of interest/drug action. We conclude with a section highlighting the role of bioconjugation strategies in liposome systems currently being evaluated for clinical use and a forward-looking discussion of the field of liposomal drug delivery.
Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Liposomes; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 33271886
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235672 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2017The liposome, a closed phospholipid bilayered vesicular system, has received considerable attention as a pharmaceutical carrier of great potential over the past 30... (Review)
Review
The liposome, a closed phospholipid bilayered vesicular system, has received considerable attention as a pharmaceutical carrier of great potential over the past 30 years. The ability of liposomes to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, coupled with their biocompatibility and biodegradability, make liposomes attractive vehicles in the field of drug delivery. In addition, great technical advances such as remote drug loading, triggered release liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, liposomes containing combinations of drugs, and so on, have led to the widespread use of liposomes in diverse areas as delivery vehicles for anti-cancer, bio-active molecules, diagnostics, and therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize design optimization of liposomal systems and invaluable applications of liposomes as effective delivery systems.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Liposomes
PubMed: 28049940
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00624 -
Biomaterials Oct 2019Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical ablation modality to treat cancers and other diseases. PDT involves administration of a photosensitizer, followed by irradiation... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical ablation modality to treat cancers and other diseases. PDT involves administration of a photosensitizer, followed by irradiation of target tissue with light. As many photosensitizers are small and hydrophobic, solubilization approaches and nanoscale delivery vehicles have been extensively explored. Liposomes and lipid-based formulations have been used for the past 30 years, and in some cases have been developed into well-defined commercial PDT products. This review provides an overview of common liposomal formulation strategies for photosensitizers for PDT and also photothermal therapy. Furthermore, research efforts have examined the impact of co-loading therapeutic cargo along with photosensitizers within liposomes. Additional recent approaches including imaging, overcoming hypoxia, upconversion and activatable liposomal formulations are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Liposomes; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 31336279
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119341 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, and due to the appearance of drug-resistant strains, the development of new antituberculotic agents is a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, and due to the appearance of drug-resistant strains, the development of new antituberculotic agents is a pressing challenge. Employing an in silico docking method, two coumaran (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran) derivatives-TB501 and TB515-were determined, with promising in vitro antimycobacterial activity. To enhance their effectiveness and reduce their cytotoxicity, we used liposomal drug carrier systems. Two types of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were prepared: multicomponent pH-sensitive stealth liposome (SUV) and monocomponent conventional liposome. The long-term stability of our vesicles was obtained by the examination of particle size distribution with dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the two drugs was determined from absorption spectra before and after size exclusion chromatography. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were determined on human MonoMac-6 cells by flow cytometry. The antitubercular effect was characterized by the enumeration of colony-forming units on HRv infected MonoMac-6 cultures. We found that SUV + TB515 has the best long-term stability. TB515 has much higher EE in both types of SUVs. Cellular uptake for native TB501 is extremely low, but if it is encapsulated in SUV it appreciably increases; in the case of TB515, quasi total uptake is accessible. It is concluded that SUV + TB501 seems to be the most efficacious antitubercular formulation given the presented experiments; to find the most promising antituberculotic formulation for therapy further in vivo investigations are needed.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Design; Humans; Liposomes; Monocytes; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 33671100
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052457 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022To improve liposomes' usage as drug delivery vehicles, cryoprotectants can be utilized to prevent constituent leakage and liposome instability. Cryoprotective agents... (Review)
Review
To improve liposomes' usage as drug delivery vehicles, cryoprotectants can be utilized to prevent constituent leakage and liposome instability. Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) or cryoprotectants can protect liposomes from the mechanical stress of ice by vitrifying at a specific temperature, which forms a glassy matrix. The majority of studies on cryoprotectants demonstrate that as the concentration of the cryoprotectant is increased, the liposomal stability improves, resulting in decreased aggregation. The effectiveness of CPAs in maintaining liposome stability in the aqueous state essentially depends on a complex interaction between protectants and bilayer composition. Furthermore, different types of CPAs have distinct effective mechanisms of action; therefore, the combination of several cryoprotectants may be beneficial and novel attributed to the synergistic actions of the CPAs. In this review, we discuss the use of liposomes as drug delivery vehicles, phospholipid-CPA interactions, their thermotropic behavior during freezing, types of CPA and their mechanism for preventing leakage of drugs from liposomes.
Topics: Cryoprotective Agents; Liposomes; Ice; Freezing; Excipients; Phospholipids
PubMed: 36293340
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012487 -
PLoS Computational Biology Jan 2022Enveloped viruses are enclosed by a lipid membrane inside of which are all of the components necessary for the virus life cycle; viral proteins, the viral genome and...
Enveloped viruses are enclosed by a lipid membrane inside of which are all of the components necessary for the virus life cycle; viral proteins, the viral genome and metabolites. Viral envelopes are lipid bilayers that adopt morphologies ranging from spheres to tubes. The envelope is derived from the host cell during viral replication. Thus, the composition of the bilayer depends on the complex constitution of lipids from the host-cell's organelle(s) where assembly and/or budding of the viral particle occurs. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of authentic, asymmetric HIV-1 liposomes are used to derive a unique level of resolution of its full-scale structure, mechanics and dynamics. Analysis of the structural properties reveal the distribution of thicknesses of the bilayers over the entire liposome as well as its global fluctuations. Moreover, full-scale mechanical analyses are employed to derive the global bending rigidity of HIV-1 liposomes. Finally, dynamical properties of the lipid molecules reveal important relationships between their 3D diffusion, the location of lipid-rafts and the asymmetrical composition of the envelope. Overall, our simulations reveal complex relationships between the rich lipid composition of the HIV-1 liposome and its structural, mechanical and dynamical properties with critical consequences to different stages of HIV-1's life cycle.
Topics: Diffusion; HIV-1; Liposomes; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Microdomains; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 35041642
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009781 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2022Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of rare life-threatening diseases caused by a lysosomal dysfunction, usually due to the lack of a single enzyme required... (Review)
Review
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of rare life-threatening diseases caused by a lysosomal dysfunction, usually due to the lack of a single enzyme required for the metabolism of macromolecules, which leads to a lysosomal accumulation of specific substrates, resulting in severe disease manifestations and early death. There is currently no definitive cure for LSD, and despite the approval of certain therapies, their effectiveness is limited. Therefore, an appropriate nanocarrier could help improve the efficacy of some of these therapies. Liposomes show excellent properties as drug carriers, because they can entrap active therapeutic compounds offering protection, biocompatibility, and selectivity. Here, we discuss the potential of liposomes for LSD treatment and conduct a detailed analysis of promising liposomal formulations still in the preclinical development stage from various perspectives, including treatment strategy, manufacturing, characterization, and future directions for implementing liposomal formulations for LSD.
Topics: Humans; Drug Carriers; Liposomes; Lysosomal Storage Diseases; Lysosomes
PubMed: 36089182
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114531 -
Expert Review of Vaccines 2023Liposomes have been used as carriers for vaccine adjuvants and antigens due to their inherent biocompatibility and versatility as delivery vehicles. Two vial admixture... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Liposomes have been used as carriers for vaccine adjuvants and antigens due to their inherent biocompatibility and versatility as delivery vehicles. Two vial admixture of protein antigens with liposome-formulated immunostimulatory adjuvants has become a broadly used clinical vaccine preparation approach. Compared to freely soluble antigens, liposome-associated forms can enhance antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells and co-deliver antigens with adjuvants, leading to improved vaccine efficacy.
AREAS COVERED
Several antigen-capture strategies for liposomal vaccines have been developed for proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Specific antigen delivery methodologies are discussed, including electrostatic adsorption, encapsulation inside the liposome aqueous core, and covalent and non-covalent antigen capture.
EXPERT OPINION
Several commercial vaccines include active lipid components, highlighting an increasingly prominent role of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles in vaccine development. Utilizing liposomes to associate antigens offers potential advantages, including antigen and adjuvant dose-sparing, co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant to immune cells, and enhanced immunogenicity. Antigen capture by liposomes has demonstrated feasibility in clinical testing. New antigen-capture techniques have been developed and appear to be of interest for vaccine development.
Topics: Humans; Liposomes; Vaccines; Antigens; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antigen-Presenting Cells
PubMed: 37878481
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274479 -
Nanomedicine (London, England) Apr 2022The major obstacles observed in current chemotherapy are severe adverse effects, narrow therapeutic indexes and multidrug resistance. Anticancer phytochemicals are... (Review)
Review
The major obstacles observed in current chemotherapy are severe adverse effects, narrow therapeutic indexes and multidrug resistance. Anticancer phytochemicals are extracted and purified from natural plants, providing alternative therapeutic approaches with recognized biomedical benefits. However, poor bioavailability, high dose requirements and non-specific targeting have made those molecules less effective. To tackle those issues, liposomal nanovesicles for phytochemical delivery are taken into consideration for improving the therapeutic effectiveness by increasing transportation across cell barriers and conferring attractive cancer-specific targeting capabilities. In the present review, the liposomal approaches of anticancer phytochemicals are discussed, and recent advances in these formulations applied to cancer phytotherapy are further reviewed by an informed approach.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Humans; Liposomes; Neoplasms; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 35259920
DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0463