-
Epilepsia 2007Epileptic psychoses reflect a fundamental disruption in the fidelity of mind and occur during seizure freedom or during or after seizures. The psychotic symptoms in... (Review)
Review
Epileptic psychoses reflect a fundamental disruption in the fidelity of mind and occur during seizure freedom or during or after seizures. The psychotic symptoms in epilepsy share some qualities with schizophrenic psychosis, such as positive symptoms of paranoid delusions and hallucinations. Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy are most common but not exclusively associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. De Novo psychosis following epilepsy surgery is rare. Forced normalization-psychosis associated with dramatic reduction of epileptiform activity or seizures is described in small series only. Ictal and postictal psychosis can be prevented with seizure control, but postictal and chronic interictal psychoses require multidisciplinary and psychopharmacologic management.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Health Status; Humans; Patient Care Team; Psychotic Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18047594
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01394.x -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jan 2023The temporal lobes are the part of the brain most likely to give rise to epileptic seizures. Seizures originating in the temporal lobes vary greatly in character; some...
The temporal lobes are the part of the brain most likely to give rise to epileptic seizures. Seizures originating in the temporal lobes vary greatly in character; some may be so unusual that they are not even recognised as epileptic. For patients who have been diagnosed with hippocampal sclerosis and whose seizures cannot be controlled with drugs, epilepsy surgery may be a good treatment option. In this brief clinical review, we summarise the key features of epilepsy and highlight the importance of accurate and early diagnosis for achieving good clinical outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Seizures; Epilepsy; Temporal Lobe; Brain; Hippocampus; Electroencephalography
PubMed: 36718887
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0369 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Dec 2019Careful study of the clinical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neuroanatomy of human memory. After early cases... (Review)
Review
Careful study of the clinical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neuroanatomy of human memory. After early cases resulted in profound amnesia, the critical role of the hippocampus and associated medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures to declarative memory became evident. Surgical approaches quickly changed to become unilateral and later, to be more precise, potentially reducing cognitive morbidity. Neuropsychological studies following unilateral temporal lobe resection (TLR) have challenged early models, which simplified the lateralization of verbal and visual memory function. Diagnostic tests, including intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure (WADA), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional neuroimaging (functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)), can more accurately lateralize and localize epileptogenic cortex and predict memory outcomes from surgery. Longitudinal studies have shown that memory may even improve in seizure-free patients. From 70 years of experience with epilepsy surgery, we now have a richer understanding of the clinical, neuroimaging, and surgical predictors of memory decline-and improvement-after TLR. "Special Issue: Epilepsy & Behavior's 20th Anniversary".
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Cognition; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Hippocampus; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory; Memory Disorders; Seizures; Temporal Lobe; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 31711868
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106596 -
Epileptic Disorders : International... Dec 2004Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. The typical... (Review)
Review
Frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of the patients in surgical series, but the incidence in non-surgical patient cohorts seems to be much higher. The typical clinical presentation of the seizures includes contralateral clonic movements, uni- or bilateral tonic motor activity as well as complex automatism. The yield of surface EEG may be limited due to the difficulty in detection of mesial or basal foci, and the patient may be misdiagnosed as having non-epileptic events. In addition, in patients with mesial frontal foci the epileptiform discharges may be mislateralized ("paradoxical lateralization"). Therefore, epilepsy surgery has been commonly considered as less promising in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. However, the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI with epilepsy-specific sequences, has made it possible to delineate the epileptogenic lesion and detect a specific etiology, in an increasing number of patients. Thus, the success rate of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy is currently comparable to temporal lobe epilepsy, if the candidates are carefully selected. Patients with frontal lobe epilepsy who do not respond to anticonvulsive medication, and who are not eligible for epilepsy surgery may benefit from alternative approaches such as electrical brain stimulation.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Brain Mapping; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Evoked Potentials; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prognosis; Psychosurgery; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15634619
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Feb 2014Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology, characterized by the occurrence of sleep-related seizures with different complexity and... (Review)
Review
Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology, characterized by the occurrence of sleep-related seizures with different complexity and duration. Genetic, lesional, and cryptogenetic NFLE forms have been described. NFLE is generally considered a benign clinical entity, although severe, drug-resistant forms do exist. A significant proportion of sleep-related complex motor seizures, hardly distinguishable from NFLE, originate outside the frontal lobe. Moreover, the distinction of NFLE from the non-rapid eye movement arousal parasomnias may be challenging. A correct diagnosis of NFLE should be based on a diagnostic approach that includes the anamnestic, video-polysomnographic, morphological, and genetic aspects. Studies on the relationships between genes, arousal regulatory mechanisms, and epileptogenesis, using both clinical and experimental models of NFLE might provide key insights in the interrelationship between sleep and epilepsy.
Topics: Animals; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Humans; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 24395520
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0424-6 -
Revista de Neurologia Sep 2020Temporal plus epilepsy is defined as focal epilepsy in which the primary epileptogenic area extends beyond the temporal lobe. It involves the neighboring regions such as... (Review)
Review
Temporal plus epilepsy is defined as focal epilepsy in which the primary epileptogenic area extends beyond the temporal lobe. It involves the neighboring regions such as the insula, the suprasilvian opercular cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. The objective of this review is to provide an update in temporal plus epilepsy. A previous history of brain trauma, a history of tonic clonic seizures, and previous central nervous system infection are risk factors. They likely allowed the generation of complex hippocampal and extrahypocampic neural networks. Clinical manifestations will depend on the location of the epileptogenic zone as well as the rapid propagation into temporal mesial structures. Video-electroencephalography usually shows involvement of the temporal lobe, with rapid propagation into the perisilvian, orbitofrontal or temporo-parieto-occipital regions. The magnetoelectroencephaography has lesser muscle contamination and could be considered as a biomarker of early states in the diagnosis process. Brain MRI is usually negative or shows non-specific mesial temporal abnormalities. Stereoelectroencephalography is the invasive method of choice. Temporal plus epilepsy is considered to be the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery failure and represents up to 30%.
Topics: Algorithms; Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; Anticonvulsants; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Cerebral Cortex; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Meningitis; Neural Pathways; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Robotics; Seizures; Temporal Lobe; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 32895906
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7106.2020339 -
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology :... Oct 2012Dorsolateral frontal lobe seizures often present as a diagnostic challenge. The diverse semiologies may not produce lateralizing or localizing signs and can appear... (Review)
Review
Dorsolateral frontal lobe seizures often present as a diagnostic challenge. The diverse semiologies may not produce lateralizing or localizing signs and can appear bizarre and suggest psychogenic events. Unfortunately, scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often unsatisfactory. It is not uncommon that these traditional diagnostic studies are either unhelpful or even misleading. In some cases, SPECT and positron emission tomography imaging can be an effective tool to identify the origin of seizures. However, these techniques and other emerging techniques all have limitations, and new approaches are needed to improve source localization.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Mapping; Brain Waves; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurosurgical Procedures; Periodicity; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23027094
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e31826b3c7c -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1981Clinical and electroencephalographic features and the response to treatment of 30 patients with episodic dizziness due to epilepsy were noted. The symptom consisted of a...
Clinical and electroencephalographic features and the response to treatment of 30 patients with episodic dizziness due to epilepsy were noted. The symptom consisted of a brief episode of disequilibrium, often with a sensation of rotation, without evident precipitating factors or sequelae. A history of "absences" or other features suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy was elicited in over half the patients, and seven (almost a quarter) had had one or more generalized seizures before presentation. Electroencephalography showed a posterior temporal lobe focus in all but two patients, and there was a family history of epilepsy in six. Response to treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine was good in most patients. Epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of episodic dizziness or vertigo, especially in young people.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dizziness; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 6781616
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.282.6265.687 -
Epilepsia 1998On the basis of cytoarchitectural and functional studies, the frontal lobe can be subdivided into the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and the... (Review)
Review
On the basis of cytoarchitectural and functional studies, the frontal lobe can be subdivided into the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and the limbic and paralimbic cortices. However, we are still a long way from clearly identifying individual frontal lobe epilepsies. Instead, we are limited to a discussion of frontal lobe seizures arising from various regions of the frontal lobe. Supplementary motor area epilepsy and perirolandic epilepsy have been quite well defined, in contrast to syndromes involving other regions of the frontal lobe. Recent technological advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and detailed videotape analysis of seizure semiology may enable us to delineate these frontal lobe syndromes with better accuracy, thereby improving outcome after epilepsy surgery.
Topics: Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Motor Cortex; Prefrontal Cortex; Terminology as Topic; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 9637594
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb05126.x