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Gerodontology Sep 2019To systematically review longitudinal studies on the association between oral health and frailty indicated by any validated scale or index. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review longitudinal studies on the association between oral health and frailty indicated by any validated scale or index.
BACKGROUND
Frailty and poor oral health are common among ageing populations; however, evidence from longitudinal studies is scarce.
METHODS
Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS) were searched for published literature up to July 2018 using prespecified search strategy. Grey literature was searched using OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Quality of included studies was checked using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) for longitudinal studies.
RESULTS
Five longitudinal studies from three countries (Mexico, Japan, and UK) that examined the association between oral health and frailty were identified. All studies used Fried's frailty phenotype criteria for measuring frailty. Oral health indicators were number of teeth, periodontal disease, oral functions (functional dentition with occluding pairs and maximum bite force), use of removable dentures, accumulation of oral health problems and dry mouth symptoms. The studies showed significant association of number of teeth (two studies), oral functions (two studies), accumulation of oral health problems and number of dry mouth symptoms with frailty incidence, whereas periodontal disease showed inconsistent associations.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review identified significant longitudinal associations between oral health indicators and frailty that highlight the importance of oral health as a predictor of frailty in older age. There is a need for further research exploring the role of nutrition as a mediator of the relationship between oral health and frailty.
Topics: Aged; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Japan; Longitudinal Studies; Oral Health
PubMed: 31025772
DOI: 10.1111/ger.12406 -
Clinical Psychology Review Jun 2021An increase in time spent on screen-based technologies has been suggested to underlie recent increases in mental health problems among young people. However, this... (Review)
Review
An increase in time spent on screen-based technologies has been suggested to underlie recent increases in mental health problems among young people. However, this hypothesis has primarily been based on the findings of cross-sectional studies. The aim of the current review was to provide a comprehensive overview of longitudinal studies examining the relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms. PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to August 2020. Thirty-five studies, with sample sizes ranging from 126 to 12,866 participants, met inclusion criteria. The association between screen time and subsequent depressive symptoms was found to be small to very small in size. There was limited evidence of any reverse association between depressive symptoms and subsequent screen time. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms varied between different devices and uses. In contrast to depressive symptoms, evidence to support longitudinal associations between screen time and other internalising mental health symptoms, including anxiety, self-esteem, and general internalising problems, was lacking. Together, these results suggest that the impact of increased screen time on the prevalence of mental health problems among young people is likely to be negligible or small. Further longitudinal studies that examine screen content and motivations underlying screen use are required to better discern any relationship between screen time and internalising mental health symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Health; Screen Time
PubMed: 33798997
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102021 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2022
Topics: Cohort Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Psychiatry
PubMed: 34929205
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.035 -
Age and Ageing Jul 2019'Time is the best diagnostician': who has not thought this? In clinical practice, presentations are often subtle and decisions made in the face of a 'snapshot.' Crystal...
'Time is the best diagnostician': who has not thought this? In clinical practice, presentations are often subtle and decisions made in the face of a 'snapshot.' Crystal balls do not exist; yet, insights from longitudinal studies can help to recognise emerging pictures and anticipate typical trajectories. In the multifactorial, biopsychosocial world of geriatrics, the determinants of those trajectories, and hence opportunities to modify them, can be better understood through careful longitudinal disentangling of the wider determinants of health, and this can be done at multiple levels of analysis, from molecules to society. With this collection and commentary, we highlight the approaches, scope and impacts of a selection of longitudinal studies of ageing published in Age and Ageing within the past 10 years. Longitudinal studies can illuminate disease mechanisms, how declines in multiple domains of intrinsic capacity interact, how losses in one domain may influence the path of another, and in turn, how these changes translate to functional disability, or not. Observing trajectories of geriatric syndromes can suggest opportunities for optimisation and prevention in clinical practice and policy. With global opportunities for harmonising data, longitudinal studies are already offering the opportunity for cross-national comparisons and for developing hypotheses about the relative contributions of time, place and society in the trajectories of frailty, disability and quality of life. We also include studies which show how research-based longitudinal data can be synthesised or be linked to administrative datasets. We hope you find this collection as interesting and encouraging as we have.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Geriatrics; Humans; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 31008499
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz028 -
New Directions For Child and Adolescent... Jan 2021Longitudinal panel studies are widely used in developmental science to address important research questions on human development across the lifespan. These studies,... (Review)
Review
Longitudinal panel studies are widely used in developmental science to address important research questions on human development across the lifespan. These studies, however, are often challenging to implement. They can be costly, time-consuming, and vulnerable to test-retest effects or high attrition over time. Planned missingness designs (PMDs), in which partial data are intentionally collected from all or some of the participants, are viable solutions to these challenges. This article provides an overview of several PMDs with potential utilities in longitudinal studies, including the multi-form designs, multi-method designs, varying lag designs, accelerated longitudinal designs, and efficient designs for analysis of change. For each of the designs, the basic rationale, design considerations, data analysis, advantages, and limitations are discussed. The article is concluded with some general recommendations to developmental researchers and promising directions for future research.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Research Design
PubMed: 33470035
DOI: 10.1002/cad.20391 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Jan 2017Over the life course, we are invariably faced with some form of adversity. The process of positively adapting to adverse events is known as 'resilience'. Despite the... (Review)
Review
Over the life course, we are invariably faced with some form of adversity. The process of positively adapting to adverse events is known as 'resilience'. Despite the acknowledgement of 2 common components of resilience, that is, adversity and positive adaptation, no consensus operational definition has been agreed. Resilience operationalisations have been reviewed in a cross-sectional context; however, a review of longitudinal methods of operationalising resilience has not been conducted. The present study conducts a systematic review across Scopus and Web of Science capturing studies of ageing that posited operational definitions of resilience in longitudinal studies of ageing. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria. Non-acute events, for example, cancer, were the most common form of adversity identified and psychological components, for example, the absence of depression, the most common forms of positive adaptation. Of the included studies, 4 used psychometrically driven methods, that is, repeated administration of established resilience metrics, 9 used definition-driven methods, that is, a priori establishment of resilience components and criteria, and 23 used data-driven methods, that is, techniques that identify resilient individuals using latent variable models. Acknowledging the strengths and limitations of each operationalisation is integral to the appropriate application of these methods to life course and longitudinal resilience research.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aging; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Psychometrics; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 27502781
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206980 -
Journal of Research on Adolescence :... Jun 2021We systematically mapped and analyzed the longitudinal research on adolescent student engagement published during 2010-2020. A total of 104 studies of 104,304... (Review)
Review
We systematically mapped and analyzed the longitudinal research on adolescent student engagement published during 2010-2020. A total of 104 studies of 104,304 adolescents met inclusion criteria. Studies were mainly conducted in North America (43%) or Europe (34%). Over half studied engagement across one or more years. Most studies (93%) focused on antecedents of engagement rather than outcomes of engagement (38%). Data were commonly collected using self-report questionnaires (87%) and analyzed using path, growth, and cross-lagged models. Studies mainly examined engagement in classroom activities, school, or schoolwork; and focused on behavioral engagement (70%), followed by emotional (61%), then cognitive engagement (35%). No studies used a specific theory of engagement development, but instead referred to self-determination, ecological systems, and stage-environment fit theories.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Schools; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33991151
DOI: 10.1111/jora.12619 -
European Journal of Neurology Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Translational Research, Biomedical; Translational Science, Biomedical; Clinical Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36086907
DOI: 10.1111/ene.15550 -
Der Nervenarzt Jul 2018According to current research concepts resilience can be defined as adaptation to past and ongoing exposure. Accordingly, adaptation to exposure is a dynamic process,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
According to current research concepts resilience can be defined as adaptation to past and ongoing exposure. Accordingly, adaptation to exposure is a dynamic process, which can be different in different population groups. Prospective longitudinal studies provide unique opportunities to investigate resilience processes.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to define the concept of resilience, describe examples of longitudinal studies investigating resilience in children, adults and older individuals, exemplary describe four ongoing longitudinal resilience studies in which the authors of the article are participating and identify and analyze methodological challenges in empirical resilience research.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study was based on a qualitative literature review of published prospective studies investigating resilience listed in PubMed and study protocols of the four longitudinal studies.
RESULTS
The exemplarily described studies have shown that resilience processes are changeable in all age groups and subject to a variety of influencing factors. The specific and potentially age-associated types of alterations have so far been difficult to determine and need further clarification.
DISCUSSION
In view of the dynamic course of resilience, prospective longitudinal studies are urgently needed. Prospective longitudinal studies have the potential to identify resilience mechanisms and predictors of the course of resilience in different population groups, such as children, adolescents, adults and older individuals. Furthermore, resilience research needs to develop an improved and precise assessment of exposure to stressors.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Research; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 29876599
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0536-y -
Nefrologia : Publicacion Oficial de La... 2012
Topics: Causality; Humans; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 22293999
DOI: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Nov.11167