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BMC Public Health Aug 2018To date, determinants of retirement timing have been studied separately within various disciplines, such as occupational health and economics. This narrative literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To date, determinants of retirement timing have been studied separately within various disciplines, such as occupational health and economics. This narrative literature review explores the determinants of retirement timing in countries, and relevant domains among older workers from both an economic and occupational health perspective.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using 11 databases. Longitudinal studies on determinants of retirement timing were included. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: full-text article written in English or Dutch, conducted in humans, main outcome was time until retirement (i.e. retirement date or retirement age), and longitudinal design. Next, the included articles were screened for hypotheses on retirement timing and these articles with hypotheses were subjected to a quality assessment. Determinants for retirement timing were classified into multiple domains by three researchers.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 20 articles. The determinants of retirement timing were classified into eight domains: demographic factors, health factors, social factors, social participation, work characteristics, financial factors, retirement preferences, and macro effects. In total, we identified 49 determinants, ranging from one (social, and retirement preferences) to 21 determinants (work characteristics) per domain.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that there is a wide range of determinants that influence retirement timing in modern industrialized countries and that these determinants differ between countries. We recommend that researchers include determinants from various domains when studying retirement timing, while taking into account a country's context.
Topics: Age Factors; Developed Countries; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Retirement; Time Factors
PubMed: 30170592
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5983-7 -
Ageing Research Reviews Sep 2017Older people constitute a significant proportion of the total population and their number is projected to increase by more than half by 2030. This increasing probability... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Older people constitute a significant proportion of the total population and their number is projected to increase by more than half by 2030. This increasing probability of late survival comes with considerable individual, economic and social impact. Physical activity (PA) can influence the ageing process but the specific relationship with healthy ageing (HA) is unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the associations of PA with HA. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception as January 2017. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size (ES) and 95% CIs. Studies were assessed for methodological quality.
RESULTS
Overall, 23 studies were identified including 174,114 participants (30% men) with age ranges from 20 to 87 years old. There was considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of HA and PA. Most of the identified studies reported a significant positive association of PA with HA, six reported a non-significant. Meta-analysis revealed that PA is positively associated with HA (ES: 1.39, 95% CI=1.23-1.57, n=17) even if adjusted for publication bias (ES: 1.27, 95% CI=1.11-1.45, n=20).
CONCLUSIONS
There is consistent evidence from longitudinal observational studies that PA is positively associated with HA, regardless of definition and measurement. Future research should focus on the implementation of a single metric of HA, on the use of objective measures for PA assessment and on a full-range of confounding adjustment. In addition, our research indicated the limited research on ageing in low-and-middle income countries.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Exercise; Healthy Aging; Humans; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 28648951
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.003 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Retirement; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36774604
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023Prospective longitudinal studies mainly conclude on a causal role of e-cigarettes in the initiation of cigarettes in flagrant contradiction with conclusions drawn from... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Prospective longitudinal studies mainly conclude on a causal role of e-cigarettes in the initiation of cigarettes in flagrant contradiction with conclusions drawn from epidemiology and other studies showing a sharp decline in cigarette use in parallel with the spread of e-cigarette use. This systematic review explores the reasons for this discrepancy.
METHODS
Among 84 publications on e-cigarette/cigarette association in adolescents identified in the Medline database from 2011 to 2022, 23 concern 22 never-smoker longitudinal sub-cohorts.
RESULTS
A link between e-cigarette experimentation at T1 and cigarette initiation at T2 is reported in sub-cohort analyses of never-smokers (AOR: 1.41 to 8.30). However, studies exclude 64.3% of T1 e-cigarette experimenters (because of dual-use) and 74.1% of T2 cigarette experimenters. With this study design, e-cigarettes contribute only to 5.3% of T2 cigarette experimentation, casting major doubt on the external validity of results and authors' conclusions that e-cigarettes have a significant effect on the initiation of cigarettes () at the population level. This sub-cohort design prohibits highlighting any , which is the most likely mechanism accounting for the competition between these two products.
CONCLUSIONS
While nicotine abstinence remains the best medical option, over-regulation of e-cigarettes because of misinterpretation of longitudinal study results may be detrimental to public health and tobacco control.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Longitudinal Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Smokers; Prospective Studies; Tobacco Products; Vaping
PubMed: 37887674
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206936 -
BMC Medical Research Methodology Apr 2022Missing data are common in longitudinal studies, and more so, in studies of older adults, who are susceptible to health and functional decline that limit completion of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Missing data are common in longitudinal studies, and more so, in studies of older adults, who are susceptible to health and functional decline that limit completion of assessments. We assessed the extent, current reporting, and handling of missing data in longitudinal studies of older adults.
METHODS
Medline and Embase databases were searched from 2015 to 2019 for publications on longitudinal observational studies conducted among persons ≥55 years old. The search was restricted to 10 general geriatric journals published in English. Reporting and handling of missing data were assessed using questions developed from the recommended standards. Data were summarised descriptively as frequencies and proportions.
RESULTS
A total of 165 studies were included in the review from 7032 identified records. In approximately half of the studies 97 (62.5%), there was either no comment on missing data or unclear descriptions. The percentage of missing data varied from 0.1 to 55%, with a 14% average among the studies that reported having missing data. Complete case analysis was the most common method for handling missing data with nearly 75% of the studies (n = 52) excluding individual observations due to missing data, at the initial phase of study inclusion or at the analysis stage. Of the 10 studies where multiple imputation was used, only 1 (10.0%) study followed the guideline for reporting the procedure fully using online supplementary documents.
CONCLUSION
The current reporting and handling of missing data in longitudinal observational studies of older adults are inadequate. Journal endorsement and implementation of guidelines may potentially improve the quality of missing data reporting. Further, authors should be encouraged to use online supplementary files to provide additional details on how missing data were addressed, to allow for more transparency and comprehensive appraisal of studies.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Periodicals as Topic; Research Design; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35473665
DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01605-w -
Statistics in Medicine Jun 2021We propose a top-down approach for pathway analysis of longitudinal metabolite data. We apply a score test based on a shared latent process mixed model which can...
We propose a top-down approach for pathway analysis of longitudinal metabolite data. We apply a score test based on a shared latent process mixed model which can identify pathways with differentially progressing metabolites. The strength of our approach is that it can handle unbalanced designs, deals with potential missing values in the longitudinal markers, and gives valid results even with small sample sizes. Contrary to bottom-up approaches, correlations between metabolites are explicitly modeled leveraging power gains. For large pathway sizes, a computationally efficient solution is proposed based on pseudo-likelihood methodology. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in identification of differentially expressed pathways through simulation studies. Finally, longitudinal metabolite data from a mice experiment is analyzed to demonstrate our methodology.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Computer Simulation; Longitudinal Studies; Metabolomics; Mice
PubMed: 33768548
DOI: 10.1002/sim.8957 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022the present research represents the first systematic review of the literature on the relation between happiness (i.e., subjective well-being, life satisfaction, positive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
the present research represents the first systematic review of the literature on the relation between happiness (i.e., subjective well-being, life satisfaction, positive affect) and family functioning in families with children aged 6-18 years.
METHOD
relevant articles were systematically searched in three scientific databases (i.e., PsycInfo, Pubmed, and Web of Science) in June 2022. The databases were searched for original articles published after 1968 with the keywords "happiness" and "family functioning."
RESULTS
of the 2683 records recovered, 124 original articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The articles were divided according to four emergent themes: (1) family dimensions and happiness; (2) global family functioning (i.e., family functioning, and family relationships), environmental variables, and happiness; (3) parental differences; (4) longitudinal studies.
CONCLUSIONS
the results of the review provide evidence for a positive relation between happiness and family functioning, across different cultures and age groups: Family dimensions (e.g., cohesion, communication) were found to strongly predict children's and adolescents' happiness. Future studies should investigate the differences between fathers and mothers using multi-informant and mixed methods procedures and a longitudinal research approach. The implications of the findings for children's positive development are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Longitudinal Studies; Happiness
PubMed: 36554474
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416593 -
Journal of the American Geriatrics... Oct 2010Over the past 2 decades, there has been considerable progress in the assessment of function and disability in older persons. Tests of physical performance are now... (Review)
Review
Over the past 2 decades, there has been considerable progress in the assessment of function and disability in older persons. Tests of physical performance are now routinely included in longitudinal studies to measure functional limitations, which are considered the building blocks of functioning. In addition, new strategies have been developed to assess the presence and onset of disability and to expand the scope of disability assessments beyond traditional indicators of difficulty and dependence. Contemporary measurement technologies, such as item response theory and computer adaptive testing, show great promise in the assessment of functional status and disability, but prospective studies are needed to demonstrate their true value, particularly to identify the circumstances in which their use will improve the assessment of functional outcomes in older persons. Another high priority for future research is to validate and further refine strategies to more completely and accurately ascertain the occurrence of disability in older persons.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Disability Evaluation; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Motor Activity; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design
PubMed: 21029059
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02914.x -
Journal of Biomedical Informatics Jul 2022Causal inference for observational longitudinal studies often requires the accurate estimation of treatment effects on time-to-event outcomes in the presence of...
OBJECTIVE
Causal inference for observational longitudinal studies often requires the accurate estimation of treatment effects on time-to-event outcomes in the presence of time-dependent patient history and time-dependent covariates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To tackle this longitudinal treatment effect estimation problem, we have developed a time-variant causal survival (TCS) model that uses the potential outcomes framework with an ensemble of recurrent subnetworks to estimate the difference in survival probabilities and its confidence interval over time as a function of time-dependent covariates and treatments.
RESULTS
Using simulated survival datasets, the TCS model showed good causal effect estimation performance across scenarios of varying sample dimensions, event rates, confounding and overlapping. However, increasing the sample size was not effective in alleviating the adverse impact of a high level of confounding. In a large clinical cohort study, TCS identified the expected conditional average treatment effect and detected individual treatment effect heterogeneity over time. TCS provides an efficient way to estimate and update individualized treatment effects over time, in order to improve clinical decisions.
DISCUSSION
The use of a propensity score layer and potential outcome subnetworks helps correcting for selection bias. However, the proposed model is limited in its ability to correct the bias from unmeasured confounding, and more extensive testing of TCS under extreme scenarios such as low overlapping and the presence of unmeasured confounders is desired and left for future work.
CONCLUSION
TCS fills the gap in causal inference using deep learning techniques in survival analysis. It considers time-varying confounders and treatment options. Its treatment effect estimation can be easily compared with the conventional literature, which uses relative measures of treatment effect. We expect TCS will be particularly useful for identifying and quantifying treatment effect heterogeneity over time under the ever complex observational health care environment.
Topics: Bias; Causality; Cohort Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 35714819
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104119 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2023The association between retirement and functioning remains still poorly known. This scoping review examines physical, social, cognitive, and mental functioning after... (Review)
Review
The association between retirement and functioning remains still poorly known. This scoping review examines physical, social, cognitive, and mental functioning after retirement, describes the changes in them, determines the different aspects that affect functioning, and documents the main characteristics of the phenomenon. We systematically scoped the relevant studies on functioning after retirement using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Medic, and PubMed databases. This scoping review included both qualitative and quantitative studies. The studies were analysed with inductive content analysis. After retirement, functioning was found to decline but also improve, and additionally, inequalities in functioning emerged. Functioning after retirement changed in ways which were: declining functioning, improving functioning, and inequalities in functioning. Only a few qualitative studies were found. This scoping review shows that functioning after retirement changes in varying ways. The results show that more qualitative research is needed to help us gain a more profound understanding on, for example, individuals' motives to improve leisure, physical, and social activities after retirement, which are likely to contribute to changes in functioning. Additionally, further longitudinal studies would offer knowledge about the long-term effects of retirement on the different dimensions of functioning.
Topics: Humans; Retirement; Longitudinal Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36604784
DOI: 10.1177/00469580221142477