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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021As an antioxidant, lycopene has acquired importance as it prevents autoxidation of fats and related products. Tomatoes are an important agricultural product that is a... (Review)
Review
As an antioxidant, lycopene has acquired importance as it prevents autoxidation of fats and related products. Tomatoes are an important agricultural product that is a great source of lycopene. It contains many vitamins and minerals, fiber, and carbohydrates and is associated with various positive effects on health. The antioxidant potential of tomatoes is substantially explained with lycopene compounds. Diet is a major risk factor for heart diseases which is shown as the most important cause of death in the world. It has been observed that the lycopene taken in the diet has positive effects in many stages of atherosclerosis. The serum lipid levels, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, blood pressure, and antioxidative potential are mainly affected by lycopene. These natural antioxidants, which can also enhance the nutritional value of foods, may lead to new ways if used in food preservation. In this review study, the antioxidant potential and cardiovascular protection mechanism of lycopene are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Food Handling; Humans; Lycopene
PubMed: 34840666
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2713511 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jun 2022Human epidemiology suggests a protective effect of tomatoes or tomato phytochemicals, such as lycopene, on prostate cancer risk. However, human epidemiology alone cannot... (Review)
Review
Human epidemiology suggests a protective effect of tomatoes or tomato phytochemicals, such as lycopene, on prostate cancer risk. However, human epidemiology alone cannot reveal causal relations. Laboratory animal models of prostate cancer provide opportunities to investigate hypotheses regarding dietary components in precisely controlled, experimental systems, contributing to our understanding of diet and cancer risk relations. We review the published studies evaluating the impact of tomatoes and/or lycopene in preclinical models of prostate carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The feeding of tomatoes or tomato components demonstrates anti-prostate cancer activity in both transplantable xenograft models of tumorigenesis and models of chemically- and genetically-driven carcinogenesis. Feeding pure lycopene shows anticancer activity in most studies, although outcomes vary by model system, suggesting that the impact of pure lycopene can depend on dose, duration, and specific carcinogenic processes represented in different models. Nonetheless, studies with the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of carcinogenesis typically demonstrate similar bioactivity to that of tomato feeding. In general, interventions that commence earlier in carcinogenesis and are sustained tend to be more efficacious. Accumulated data suggest that lycopene is one, but perhaps not the only, anticancer bioactive compound in tomatoes. Although it is clear that tomatoes and lycopene have anti-prostate cancer activity in rodent models, major knowledge gaps remain in understanding dose-response relations and molecular mechanisms of action. Published and future findings from rodent studies can provide guidance for translational scientists to design and execute informative human clinical trials of prostate cancer prevention or in support of therapy.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Carcinogenesis; Carotenoids; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Lycopene; Solanum lycopersicum; Male; Mice; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35278075
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac066 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2022Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of CVD. That is why bioactive food ingredients, including lycopene, are so important in their prevention, which seems to be a compound increasingly promoted in the diet of people with cardiovascular problems. Lycopene present in tomatoes and tomato products is responsible not only for their red color but also for health-promoting properties. It is characterized by a high antioxidant potential, the highest among carotenoid pigments. Mainly for this reason, epidemiological studies show a number of favorable properties between the consumption of lycopene in the diet and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. While there is also some controversy in research into its protective effects on the cardiovascular system, growing evidence supports its beneficial role for the heart, endothelium, blood vessels, and health. The mechanisms of action of lycopene are now being discovered and may explain some of the contradictions observed in the literature. This review aims to present the current knowledge in recent years on the preventive role of lycopene cardiovascular disorders.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart; Humans; Lycopene; Solanum lycopersicum; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35216071
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041957 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2020Studying prostate cancer is important due to its high annual incidences and mortality rates in the world. Although prostate cancer mortality rates are reduced using new... (Review)
Review
Studying prostate cancer is important due to its high annual incidences and mortality rates in the world. Although prostate cancer mortality rates are reduced using new therapy, complicated routes and side effects of these current drugs require a daily available treatment for prevention. Lycopene is a natural, prominent, and effective product which has a high value in diet. The anti-cancer effect, non-toxicity, safety and preventive or therapeutic roles of lycopene have been investigated in several studies. In the current review, we have collected information about the anti-cancer, anti-progressive and apoptotic effects of lycopene on prostate cancer. This article is a summary of the most important original and review articles on lycopene and its anticancer effects that are systematically categorized and presents information about the molecular structure, different sources, biological functions, and its in-vivo and in-vitro effects of lycopene on variety of cancerous and normal cells. The clinical studies provide a clear image for continuous use of this adjunctive dietary for different type of cancers, especially prostate cancer in men. In addition, this article discusses the various molecular pathways activated by lycopene that eventually prevent or suppress cancer. Lycopene has been found to effectively suppress the progression and proliferation, arrest in-cell cycle, and induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in both in-vivo and in-vitro conditions. Additionally, lycopene showed that it could modulate the signaling pathways and their protein for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Proliferation; Disease Progression; Humans; Lycopene; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32768949
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110459 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Lycopene is a nutraceutical with health-promoting and anti-cancer activities, but due to a lack of evidence, there are no recommendations regarding its use and dosage.... (Review)
Review
Lycopene is a nutraceutical with health-promoting and anti-cancer activities, but due to a lack of evidence, there are no recommendations regarding its use and dosage. This review aimed to evaluate the benefits of lycopene supplementation in cancer prevention and treatment based on the results of in vivo studies. We identified 72 human and animal studies that were then analysed for endpoints such as cancer incidence, improvement in treatment outcomes, and the mechanisms of lycopene action. We concluded that the results of most of the reviewed in vivo studies confirmed the anti-cancer activities of lycopene. Most of the studies concerned prostate cancer, reflecting the number of in vitro studies. The reported mechanisms of lycopene action in vivo included regulation of oxidative and inflammatory processes, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell division, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. The predominance of particular mechanisms seemed to depend on tumour organ localisation and the local storage capacity of lycopene. Finally, there is a need to look for predictive factors to identify a population that may benefit from lycopene supplementation. The potential candidates appear to be race, single nucleotide polymorphisms in carotene-cleaving enzymes, some genetic abbreviations, and insulin-like growth factor-dependent and inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Lycopene; Carotenoids; Prostatic Neoplasms; Apoptosis; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36501182
DOI: 10.3390/nu14235152 -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Mar 2010Lycopene is a carotenoid found in grapefruit, watermelons, and papaya in addition to tomatoes. It is obtained only through diet. Lycopene exhibits antioxidant and...
Lycopene is a carotenoid found in grapefruit, watermelons, and papaya in addition to tomatoes. It is obtained only through diet. Lycopene exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties. Results from several epidemiologic studies suggest a strong association between high intake of lycopene-rich foods and reduced risk of several cancers, notably prostate cancer. However, few well designed clinical trials have been conducted, and data remain inconclusive. Because lycopene supplementation is associated with strong antioxidant effects, it has the potential to interfere with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Cancer patients should use caution if considering an increase in their lycopene intake.
Topics: Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Humans; Lycopene; Neoplasms
PubMed: 20394143
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2019Decreases in cognitive function related to increases in oxidative stress and inflammation occur with ageing. Acknowledging the free radical-quenching activity and...
Decreases in cognitive function related to increases in oxidative stress and inflammation occur with ageing. Acknowledging the free radical-quenching activity and anti-inflammatory action of the carotenoid lycopene, the aim of the present review was to assess if there is evidence for a protective relationship between lycopene and maintained cognitive function or between lycopene and development or progression of dementia. A systematic literature search identified five cross-sectional and five longitudinal studies examining these outcomes in relation to circulating or dietary lycopene. Among four studies evaluating relationships between lycopene and maintained cognition, three reported significant positive relationships. Neither of the two studies reporting on relationship between lycopene and development of dementia reported significant results. Of four studies investigating circulating lycopene and pre-existing dementia, only one reported significant associations between lower circulating lycopene and higher rates of Alzheimer's disease mortality. Acknowledging heterogeneity among studies, there is insufficient evidence and a paucity of data to draw firm conclusions or tease apart direct effects of lycopene. Nevertheless, as low circulating lycopene is a predictor of all-cause mortality, further investigation into its relationship with cognitive longevity and dementia-related mortality is warranted.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Carotenoids; Cognition; Databases, Factual; Dementia; Diet; Disease Progression; Humans; Lycopene
PubMed: 31217968
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.16 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2023This study was designed to investigate the association between nutrients and female infertility.
BACKGROUND
This study was designed to investigate the association between nutrients and female infertility.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study on 18-45 years of age reproductive-age women was conducted using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for the periods 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between nutrients and female infertility. Subgroup analysis was applied to the body mass index (BMI). Results were summarised using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Of the total 1713 women, 204 women (11.91%) were infertile. The result demonstrated that higher intake of carbohydrate (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24-0.86, = 0.018), vitamin A (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.80, = 0.009), vitamin C (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.88, = 0.020), magnesium (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.76, = 0.009), iron (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.82, = 0.012), lycopene (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, = 0.022), and total folate (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.70, = 0.003) were associated with a lower risk of female infertility. The subgroup analysis also reported that intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and lycopene were related to a lower risk of female infertility among women with a BMI being 18.5-24.9 kg/m. Among women with BMI > 24.9 kg/m, high intakes of magnesium, iron and total folate were associated with a decreased risk of female infertility.
CONCLUSIONS
The intake of several nutrients is associated with a decreased risk of female infertility. These findings provide insight into potentially modifiable lifestyle factors associated with female infertility.
Topics: Female; Humans; Diet; Nutrition Surveys; Magnesium; Vitamin A; Infertility, Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lycopene; Eating; Vitamins; Folic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Iron
PubMed: 38010776
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2285025 -
Journal of Oleo Science Aug 2023Lycopene is a natural bioactive compound possessing higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are known to efficiently eliminate the risk of cancer,...
Lycopene is a natural bioactive compound possessing higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are known to efficiently eliminate the risk of cancer, cardiac complications, and oxidative stress. Food manufacturers are keen on producing lycopene-fortified food products owing to their numerous health benefits and higher nutritional value. The incorporation of lycopene is limited to food products due to its hydrophobic nature and low chemical stability. This study aims to understand the incorporation of lycopene in Oleogel as a new delivery system. Briefly, lycopene and stearic acid (gelator) were combined at ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (w/w) and added to coconut oil (20 g (w/w) ) for the preparation of edible oleogel combinations. These combinations were characterized for oil binding capacity, swelling capacity, color analysis, and texture profile analysis. Further, the formulations were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry). It was observed that samples prepared with a combination of 50% lycopene and stearic acid were found to possess a firm texture and good stability. Conversely, samples with no gelator produced oleogels with less stability. Further, the FTIR spectra helped determine the network formation in the oleogels, which was stabilized by the hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the results of DSC exhibited that the oleogel combinations with gelator and lycopene were not in the crystalline state, and the oleogels held superior internal structure till 45°C. Overall, oleogel-based carrier systems can be used as an alternative method to encapsulate various bioactive compounds having possible potential applications in the bakery and confectionery industries.
Topics: Coconut Oil; Lycopene; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 37468274
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22398 -
PloS One 2022Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites...
Integration of bioassay and non-target metabolite analysis of tomato reveals that β-carotene and lycopene activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). In this study, we searched for metabolites that activate the adiponectin signaling pathway from tomato (Solanum lycopersicu). Metabolites of mature tomato were separated into 55 fractions by liquid chromatography, and then each fraction was examined using the phosphorylation assay of AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) in C2C12 myotubes and in AdipoR-knockdown cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Several fractions showed AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes and siRNA-mediated abrogation of the effect. Non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed the presence of 721 diverse metabolites in tomato. By integrating the activity of fractions on AMPK phosphorylation and the 721 metabolites based on their retention times of liquid chromatography, we performed a comprehensive screen for metabolites that possess adiponectin-like activity. As the screening suggested that the active fractions contained four carotenoids, we further analyzed β-carotene and lycopene, the major carotenoids of food. They induced AMPK phosphorylation via the AdipoR, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and Ca2+ influx, in addition to activating glucose uptake via AdipoR in C2C12 myotubes. All these events were characteristic adiponectin actions. These results indicated that the food-derived carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, activate the adiponectin signaling pathway, including AMPK phosphorylation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Adenylate Kinase; Adiponectin; Biological Assay; Calcium; Lycopene; Solanum lycopersicum; Phosphorylation; RNA, Small Interfering; Receptors, Adiponectin; Signal Transduction; beta Carotene
PubMed: 35776737
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267248