-
Cureus Sep 2022Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost,... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost, resulting in non-scaly, chalky-white macules. Achromic macules and patches are side effects of the multifaceted disease vitiligo, defined as the absence of epidermal pigmentation. The causes of this disaster are three significant factors. A suppressed reaction to touch allergens is one of many abnormal activities of the hypopigmented epidermis, which has also been observed in hypopigmented rats. The white epidermis of people with albinism, which is the same color as vitiligo, is more vulnerable to skin carcinoma; the white epidermis of people with vitiligo does not develop non-melanoma skin carcinoma. The overall etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an immunological illness, has made significant strides in recent years. Even though vitiligo is frequently dismissed as an esthetic issue, it can have serious mental consequences and significantly interfere with daily life. A global consensus in 2011 classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other types of vitiligo. The term vitiligo has been repurposed to refer to various types of nonsegmental vitiligo. There are numerous pharmaceutical procedures available on the market that aim to stop the development of and induce epidermal repigmentation. Variable levels of skin pigmentation have been observed with such therapies, either alone or in combination, and their predominance was safe and efficient. There are few vitiligo treatments available, and none of them can reliably cause repigmentation in every individual. Individualized management is required depending on geography, physical appearance, and the presence of illness activities. The preceding study aims to provide insight into the potential prospects of vitiligo medication while also summarizing the current body of knowledge on the condition.
PubMed: 36304341
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29307 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Apr 2020Lentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ subtype of melanoma, clinically presenting as a pigmented, asymmetric macule that originates mostly on the head and neck and spreads... (Review)
Review
Lentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ subtype of melanoma, clinically presenting as a pigmented, asymmetric macule that originates mostly on the head and neck and spreads slowly. The diagnosis may be challenging both for clinicians and pathologists. Dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy represent a useful tool in the differentiation of LM from other pigmented lesions, such as pigmented actinic keratosis, solar lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis. Moreover, those non-invasive diagnostic technique may be crucial in the selection of optimal biopsy sites in equivocal lesions, in pre-surgical mapping and in evaluating and monitoring response to non-surgical treatments. Histologic examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of LM, showing a lentiginous proliferation of basal atypical melanocytes on a severe sun-damaged skin. The management of LM is constantly evolving. Treatments include surgery (the first choice, when available), radiotherapy and imiquimod cream (in patients not candidates to surgery). Many other possible treatments for LM have been tested, but they are not yet supported by strong evidences. We collected current guidelines and PubMed available reviews, studies and case-reports in order to make an overview on diagnosis and treatment of LM.
Topics: Humans; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 29683288
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0 -
Cureus Apr 2020Tinea nigra is an uncommon superficial dermatomycosis precipitated by , a halophilic and halothermic yeast-like fungus capable of producing a melanin-like substance....
Tinea nigra is an uncommon superficial dermatomycosis precipitated by , a halophilic and halothermic yeast-like fungus capable of producing a melanin-like substance. This pathogen infiltrates the stratum corneum in the setting of microtrauma and produces an asymptomatic brown to black macule or patch that appears similarly to melanocytic nevi or melanoma. We present a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented to clinic several months after developing a painless, nonpruritic dark brown patch in her left foot inside the fourth toe web. The coloration and location of this lesion would typically prompt biopsy; however, Wood's lamp examination and potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation were pursued first and demonstrated evidence of infection by . The patient was treated with topical clotrimazole cream and miconazole powder for one month, and her lesions cleared completely. Her lesions did not recur at her three-month follow-up appointment.
PubMed: 32391228
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7579 -
Skin Therapy Letter May 2019Vitiligo is an acquired, autoimmune disease characterized by depigmented macules and patches on the skin, which occur secondary to melanocyte destruction. Available... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is an acquired, autoimmune disease characterized by depigmented macules and patches on the skin, which occur secondary to melanocyte destruction. Available therapeutic options are broadly divided into medical, surgical and phototherapy, though treatment of vitiligo can be challenging. Early diagnosis and management can maximize treatment efficacy. The purpose of this discussion is to review updates in the management of vitiligo, including existing and emerging therapies.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo
PubMed: 31095346
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Dec 2021The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the...
The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the contrary. Terms that stigmatize a culture, region, people, country, communities, and ethnic group should be replaced by their more descriptive counterparts. Herein, we clarify terminology, discuss the historical significance, and provide a recommendation about naming this disease.
PubMed: 35036226
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20396