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Neuron Jan 2010Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions affected by dietary and environmental factors. Here, we show that increasing brain magnesium using a newly developed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions affected by dietary and environmental factors. Here, we show that increasing brain magnesium using a newly developed magnesium compound (magnesium-L-threonate, MgT) leads to the enhancement of learning abilities, working memory, and short- and long-term memory in rats. The pattern completion ability was also improved in aged rats. MgT-treated rats had higher density of synaptophysin-/synaptobrevin-positive puncta in DG and CA1 subregions of hippocampus that were correlated with memory improvement. Functionally, magnesium increased the number of functional presynaptic release sites, while it reduced their release probability. The resultant synaptic reconfiguration enabled selective enhancement of synaptic transmission for burst inputs. Coupled with concurrent upregulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors and its downstream signaling, synaptic plasticity induced by correlated inputs was enhanced. Our findings suggest that an increase in brain magnesium enhances both short-term synaptic facilitation and long-term potentiation and improves learning and memory functions.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Learning; Magnesium; Male; Memory; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 20152124
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.026 -
Nutrients Dec 2018Magnesium (Mg) supplementation may help control glycemic response among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Magnesium (Mg) supplementation may help control glycemic response among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
OBJECTIVE
This study means to determine whether Mg supplementation improves glycemic control indicators in patients with T2D.
METHODS
After one week of the dietary stabilization phase, 42 T2D patients were stratified according to sex, age, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Mg levels and then randomly allocated into two groups. The intervention group was on 250 mg/day of elemental Mg for three months while the control group did not receive any type of supplements throughout the intervention period.
RESULTS
The daily administration of 250 mg of elemental Mg indicated a significant improvement in HbA1C (8.32 to 7.96%, < 0.001), insulin levels (IL) (15.56 to 12.18 μIU/mL, < 0.001), C-peptide (2.28 to 1.90 ng/mL, = 0.001), HOMA.IR (6.16 to 4.44, < 0.001) and HOMA.β% (59.99 to 52.37, = 0.036) of the intervention group when compared with the control group after three months of intervention.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study revealed that oral Mg supplementation reduces insulin resistance and improves the glycemic control indicators among T2D patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
current controlled trials PHRC/HC/32/15. Registered 5 October 2015.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30587761
DOI: 10.3390/nu11010044 -
Aging Aug 2018
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Magnesium; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
PubMed: 30171765
DOI: 10.18632/aging.101543 -
Anesthesiology Apr 2011Magnesium plays a fundamental role in many cellular functions, and thus there is increasing interest in its role in clinical medicine. Although numerous experimental... (Review)
Review
Magnesium plays a fundamental role in many cellular functions, and thus there is increasing interest in its role in clinical medicine. Although numerous experimental studies indicate positive effects of magnesium in a variety of disease states, large clinical trials often give conflicting results. However, there is clear evidence for magnesium to benefit patients with eclampsia or torsades de pointes arrhythmias. In addition, magnesium seems to have antinociceptive and anesthetic as well as neuroprotective effects, yet well-designed large clinical trials are required to determine its actual efficacy in pain management or in the state of stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The current review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge and available evidence with respect to physiologic aspects of magnesium and proposed indications and recommendations for its use in the clinical setting.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Magnesium; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 21364460
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318210483d -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2023Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood.... (Review)
Review
Hypermagnesemia is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood. Magnesium is a crucial mineral involved in various physiological functions, such as neuromuscular conduction, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, insulin metabolism, and muscular contraction. Hypomagnesemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance that can lead to several neuromuscular, cardiac, or nervous system disorders. Hypermagnesemia has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly in hospitalized patients. Prompt identification and management of hypermagnesemia are crucial to prevent complications, such as respiratory and cardiovascular negative outcomes, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coma. Preventing hypermagnesemia is crucial, particularly in high-risk populations, such as patients with impaired renal function or those receiving magnesium-containing medications or supplements. Clinical management of hypermagnesemia involves discontinuing magnesium-containing therapies, intravenous fluid therapy, or dialysis in severe cases. Furthermore, healthcare providers should monitor serum magnesium concentration in patients at risk of hypermagnesemia and promptly intervene if the concentration exceeds the normal range.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Renal Dialysis; Dietary Supplements; Metabolic Diseases; Electrolytes
PubMed: 37512002
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071190 -
Nutrients Jul 2021The fundamental role of magnesium in human health is extensively discussed in the review by Fiorentini and colleagues [...].
The fundamental role of magnesium in human health is extensively discussed in the review by Fiorentini and colleagues [...].
Topics: Health; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency
PubMed: 34444647
DOI: 10.3390/nu13082490 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Aug 2016The antihypertensive effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation remains controversial. We aimed to quantify the effect of oral Mg supplementation on blood pressure (BP) by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The antihypertensive effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation remains controversial. We aimed to quantify the effect of oral Mg supplementation on blood pressure (BP) by synthesizing available evidence from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. We searched trials of Mg supplementation on normotensive and hypertensive adults published up to February 1, 2016 from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases; 34 trials involving 2028 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. Weighted mean differences of changes in BP and serum Mg were calculated by random-effects meta-analysis. Mg supplementation at a median dose of 368 mg/d for a median duration of 3 months significantly reduced systolic BP by 2.00 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.43-3.58) and diastolic BP by 1.78 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.73-2.82); these reductions were accompanied by 0.05 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.03, 0.07) elevation of serum Mg compared with placebo. Using a restricted cubic spline curve, we found that Mg supplementation with a dose of 300 mg/d or duration of 1 month is sufficient to elevate serum Mg and reduce BP; and serum Mg was negatively associated with diastolic BP but not systolic BP (all P<0.05). In the stratified analyses, a greater reduction in BP tended to be found in trials with high quality or low dropout rate (all P values for interaction <0.05). However, residual heterogeneity may still exist after considering these possible factors. Our findings indicate a causal effect of Mg supplementation on lowering BPs in adults. Further well-designed trials are warranted to validate the BP-lowering efficacy of optimal Mg treatment.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypertension; Magnesium; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 27402922
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664 -
Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease May 2018Magnesium is a divalent cation that fills essential roles as regulator and cofactor in a variety of biological pathways, and maintenance of magnesium balance is vital to... (Review)
Review
Magnesium is a divalent cation that fills essential roles as regulator and cofactor in a variety of biological pathways, and maintenance of magnesium balance is vital to human health. The kidney, in concert with the intestine, has an important role in maintaining magnesium homeostasis. Although micropuncture and microperfusion studies in the mammalian nephron have shone a light on magnesium handling in the various nephron segments, much of what we know about the protein mediators of magnesium handling in the kidney have come from more recent genetic studies. In the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb, magnesium reabsorption is believed to occur primarily through the paracellular shunt pathway, which ultimately depends on the electrochemical gradient setup by active sodium reabsorption. In the distal convoluted tubule, magnesium transport is transcellular, although magnesium reabsorption also appears to be related to active sodium reabsorption in this segment. In addition, evidence suggests that magnesium transport is highly regulated, although a specific hormonal regulator of extracellular magnesium has yet to be identified.
Topics: Homeostasis; Humans; Kidney; Magnesium
PubMed: 29793662
DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.01.003 -
Nephron 2018In a recent issue of Nephron, Abu-Amer et al.[
1 ] reported the presence of hypermagnesuria in patients following acute intravenous...In a recent issue of Nephron, Abu-Amer et al.[
1 ] reported the presence of hypermagnesuria in patients following acute intravenous administration of digoxin and suggested that the Na+/K+-ATPase γ-subunit, which is the pharmacological target of digoxin, can play a role in this process. Hypermagnesuria induced by digoxin may have important clinical consequences, particularly in the presence of inherited and acquired conditions associated with hypermagnesuria and hypomagnesemia. Moreover, the co-administration of digoxin with other drugs that reduce gastrointestinal absorption (i.e., proton pump inhibitors) or increase urinary excretion (i.e., loop diuretics) may increase the likelihood of developing hypomagnesemia. In this article, we reviewed the main causes of hypermagnesuria and discussed potential drug interactions that can enhance the magnesuric effect of digoxin. We suggest that during the administration of digoxin, clinicians should consider the presence of other causes of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesuria that could enhance the magnesuric effect of digoxin, monitor the urinary and serum levels of magnesium and prescribe an oral supplementation of magnesium.Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Digoxin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Magnesium; Nephrons
PubMed: 29169161
DOI: 10.1159/000484574 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2016
Topics: Chronic Disease; Diet; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency
PubMed: 26773023
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008524