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European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2020Orthodontic treatment need indexes are indispensable tools for collecting aepidemiological information, to define the need for clinical intervention on a graduated risk... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIM
Orthodontic treatment need indexes are indispensable tools for collecting aepidemiological information, to define the need for clinical intervention on a graduated risk scale and to monitor the evolution of clinical conditions over time. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and associated risk factors, and to compare the prevalence of malocclusion related to children's growth. Investigating the correlation between malocclusion and dental occlusion development is crucial to define orthodontic timing and the most suitable treatment modalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional, multi-center, observational study was carried out throughout Italy: 4,422 patients aged between 2 and 13 years were visited. The patients were divided into two age groups: one composed of patients aged 2 -7 years, and one of children between 8 and 13 years of age. The prevalence data were classified according to the items of the Baby ROMA (first group, deciduous/early mixed dentition) and ROMA Index (second group, late mixed/permanent dentition). Pearson's Chi-square test was applied for the calculation of statistical significance in the comparison of prevalence data between the two age groups (P <0.05).
RESULTS
The need for orthodontic treatment among Italian children is high. In the sample aged between 2 and 7 years, the most frequent malocclusions are the moderate and severe open bite (23%), moderate and severe Class II (21.2%), deep bite (18.8%), cross bite (16.5%), Class III (7.7%), and crowding (5.1%). In the sample aged between 8 and 13 years the most frequent malocclusions are crowding (50.8 %), Class II (33.1%), deep bite (19.2%) crossbite (18.1%), Class III (9.1%), open bite (6.6%), facial or mandibular asymmetries (3.3%), and functional asymmetries (3.2%). It was found a statistically significant variation of the different malocclusion conditions according to age.
CONCLUSION
The study confirms that some risk factors occur during growth, and worsen the malocclusion. Therefore, it is important to reduce this risk of worsening by counteracting those factors with an early orthodontic intervention. Some malocclusions are less affected by environmental risk factors. In these case it would be better defer treatment until adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Infant; Italy; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32893653
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.03.09 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2022To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, SciELO LILACS, Proquest, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. There were no language or publication dates restrictions. Two researchers independently performed selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analyses using random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of prevalence of malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD and pooled odds ratio (OR) on the relationship between ASD and malocclusion characteristics. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted according to children and adolescents, history of orthodontic treatment, and occurrence of other syndromes and medical conditions.
RESULTS
Searching identified 5549 papers with 238 were selected for full assessment. Eighteen cross-sectional studies were included according to inclusion criteria. Of them, eleven studies were considered of moderate quality. A judgement of critical risk of bias occurred for thirteen studies. The most prevalent malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD were crowding (33%; 95% CI 22 to 44%) and increased maxillary overjet (39%; 95% CI 23 to 54%). Individuals with ASD had higher odds of Angle's Class II (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.72), Angle's Class III (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.23), open bite (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.16), and increased maxillary overjet (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) than individuals without ASD.
CONCLUSIONS
Angle's Class II, Angle's Class III, anterior open bite and increased maxillary overjet were more prevalent in individuals with ASD than those without ASD. Further high-quality studies are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite
PubMed: 35948958
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02366-0 -
Stomatologija 2013The importance of breastfeeding to the child's psychological and physical development is evidence-based. However, scientific literature contains controversial opinions... (Review)
Review
The importance of breastfeeding to the child's psychological and physical development is evidence-based. However, scientific literature contains controversial opinions on its influence to the development of maxillofacial system. This article aims at reviewing the effects of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding to the development of malocclusion and non-nutritive sucking habits. Thirty-four articles analyzing the above mentioned associations were selected from Pubmed database. Breastfeeding and bottle-feeding may have different impact on the development of maxillofacial system due to unequal functional load of certain facial muscles involved in the feeding processes. Shortage of scientific research prevents from relating bottle-feeding with the development of skeletal malocclusions. Prolonged breastfeeding may have protective effect on developing posterior crossbite and anterior openbite. However, conflicting opinions have been observed. It has been stated that longer duration of breastfeeding diminishes the risk of acquiring non - nutritive sucking habits.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Facial Muscles; Humans; Malocclusion; Maxillofacial Development; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 24375308
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2018Facial Osteotomy techniques have evolved enormously over the past 20 years providing significant and often life-changing benefits to our dental patients with skeletal...
Facial Osteotomy techniques have evolved enormously over the past 20 years providing significant and often life-changing benefits to our dental patients with skeletal malocclusions. Advancements in technology and refined surgical techniques have resulted in improvements in surgical outcomes, a reduction in post-operative complications and a quicker recovery for today's patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. This paper aims to an update on the contemporary approach to the correction of skeletal malocclusions with facial osteotomies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dentistry; Face; Facial Bones; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Mandible; Maxilla; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Osteotomy; Osteotomy, Le Fort; Postoperative Period; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Young Adult
PubMed: 29574821
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12590 -
International Journal of Oral Science Apr 2024Malocclusion, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of three major oral diseases, profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions, facial... (Review)
Review
Malocclusion, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of three major oral diseases, profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions, facial esthetics, and long-term development of ~260 million children in China. Beyond its physical manifestations, malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children. Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition, by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth. Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development, ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase. From an economic and societal standpoint, the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated, underlining its profound practical and social importance. This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children, emphasizing critical need for early treatment. It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics, proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment, serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Child; Consensus; Malocclusion; Dental Care; China
PubMed: 38627388
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00299-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Skeletal deformities and malocclusions being heterogeneous traits, affect populations worldwide, resulting in compromised esthetics and function and reduced quality of... (Review)
Review
Skeletal deformities and malocclusions being heterogeneous traits, affect populations worldwide, resulting in compromised esthetics and function and reduced quality of life. Skeletal Class III prevalence is the least common of all angle malocclusion classes, with a frequency of 7.2%, while Class II prevalence is approximately 27% on average, varying in different countries and between ethnic groups. Orthodontic malocclusions and skeletal deformities have multiple etiologies, often affected and underlined by environmental, genetic and social aspects. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive search throughout the published data until the time of writing this review for already reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with the development of skeletal deformation-associated phenotypes in different mouse models. Our search has found 72 significant QTL associated with the size of the mandible, the character, shape, centroid size and facial shape in mouse models. We propose that using the collaborative cross (CC), a highly diverse mouse reference genetic population, may offer a novel venue for identifying genetic factors as a cause for skeletal deformations, which may help to better understand Class III malocclusion-associated phenotype development in mice, which can be subsequently translated to humans. We suggest that by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS), RNAseq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro and small RNA, and long noncoding RNA analysis in tissues associated with skeletal deformation and Class III malocclusion characterization/phenotypes, including mandibular basic bone, gum, and jaw, in the CC mouse population, we expect to better identify genetic factors and better understand the development of this disease.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Genome-Wide Association Study; Quality of Life; Cephalometry; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Mandible; Phenotype
PubMed: 36768894
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032570 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2022Malocclusion is an alteration of the normal relationships between skeletal, muscle and dental structures that can lead to impaired functionality as well as aesthetic...
AIM
Malocclusion is an alteration of the normal relationships between skeletal, muscle and dental structures that can lead to impaired functionality as well as aesthetic alteration of the stomatognathic system. Functional alteration can affect various aspects, ranging from chewing ability to respiratory disorders. Paediatricians and dentists are called to prevent and diagnose these conditions as early as possible in order to preserve the patient's health. The purpose of this research is to study the incidence of malocclusion and its relationship with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in a young population. Also, the role of paediatricians and dentists in prevention and early diagnosis of this condition was evaluated METHODS: An anonymous survey was given through Google form to 300 Italian children (139 males and 161 females) from different private dental practices in Italy. No personal information that identifies the individuals was collected, and the data was analysed in aggregate form only. All data was collected and statistically analysed.
CONCLUSION
The data highlight the patients' good attitude towards dental check-ups, which help to intercept malocclusions. Unlike the past, the knowledge of the importance of oral health and dental occlusion is high among young patients, parents and paediatricians. This study underlines the role of paediatricians as key players in the prevention of dental health problems.
Topics: Child; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Malocclusion; Parents; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36172913
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.03.02 -
The Angle Orthodontist May 2014To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and treatment need in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD).
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and treatment need in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, the sample size comprised 35 five-year-old children and 36 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 to 18 years, with SCD. Dental occlusion was assessed using two indexes: the Malocclusion Index (World Health Organization) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).
RESULTS
The prevalence of malocclusion in the preschool children was 62.9%. The main malocclusions observed in this age group were Class II (37.1%), increased overjet (28.6%), reduced overbite (28.6%), and open bite (17.1%). In the 12- to 18-year-old subjects, the prevalence of malocclusion was 100%, and the most prevalent types of malocclusion were maxillary overjet (63.9%) and maxillary misalignment (58.3%). It is noteworthy that the majority of adolescents (80.6%) had very severe or disabling malocclusions.
CONCLUSION
The results revealed a high prevalence of malocclusion in children and adolescents with SCD. According to DAI score, the majority of the sample presented with very severe malocclusion and a compulsory treatment need.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Epidemiologic Studies; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Needs Assessment; Open Bite; Overbite; Parents; Prevalence; Residence Characteristics; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 24274957
DOI: 10.2319/070913-503.1 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2023Intermaxillary elastics are orthodontic resources widely used in various malocclusions. Their main advantages are low cost, easy insertion and removal by patients, and...
INTRODUCTION
Intermaxillary elastics are orthodontic resources widely used in various malocclusions. Their main advantages are low cost, easy insertion and removal by patients, and application versatility. As main disadvantages, we can highlight the need for cooperation from patients and the side effects normally present in treatments with this resource. Knowledge of the biomechanics involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics is essential to take full advantage of the desired effects and avoid unwanted effects in their use.
OBJECTIVE
Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the anchorage preparation, connection methods, time and force of use, and side effects involved in the use of intermaxillary elastics for the treatment of anteroposterior, vertical and transverse problems. For that, clinical cases and biomechanics schemes will be presented, in which all these details will be described.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Mechanical Phenomena; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion
PubMed: 37493850
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.3.e23spe3 -
Medicine Aug 2022The aim of this literature review was to summarize the clinical characteristics and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases, and to discuss the associations between... (Review)
Review
The aim of this literature review was to summarize the clinical characteristics and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases, and to discuss the associations between temporomandibular joint diseases and categorization of malocclusion. Electronic literature searches were performed using the PubMed database. The authors established a differential diagnostic method for temporomandibular joint diseases related to malocclusion. A literature search using PubMed yielded 213 texts, of which based on exclusion criteria, 28 were included in this study. Malocclusions were categorized into 5 types. The authors suggested a diagnostic tree of temporomandibular joint diseases based on the types of malocclusion and 4 variables in clinical characteristics and symptoms. Clinicians treating malocclusions must attempt to clarify the cause of the occlusal condition. If caused by temporomandibular joint disease, it is important to make a proper differential diagnosis at first, and not to overlook the causative disease. Further clinical knowledge of associations between temporomandibular joint diseases and malocclusions should be accumulated, and the diagnostic tree should be improved based on new information.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knowledge; Malocclusion; PubMed; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 35984194
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029247