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CEN Case Reports Nov 2021Hypophosphatemia is a rare side effect of intravenous iron replacement. Urinary phosphate wasting due to increased FGF23 is the most likely mechanism. Here, we present a...
Hypophosphatemia is a rare side effect of intravenous iron replacement. Urinary phosphate wasting due to increased FGF23 is the most likely mechanism. Here, we present a case of intractable hypophosphatemia in a 32-year-old female patient with history of ulcerative colitis (UC), who was primarily hospitalized due to UC flare-up. Her urinary fractional excretion of phosphate was inappropriately elevated at 70%. A careful history revealed that she had been treated with ferric carboxymaltose 2 weeks prior to hospitalization, leading to a diagnosis of iron-induced hypophosphatemia. She was treated with 5 weeks of intravenous sodium phosphate since she did not tolerate oral supplementation. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of iron-induced hypophosphatemia and be cautious when prescribing intravenous iron.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Maltose; Phosphates
PubMed: 33715107
DOI: 10.1007/s13730-021-00590-1 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... May 2019Laurylmaltose neopentylglycol (LMNG) bears two linked hydrophobic chains of equal length and two hydrophilic maltoside groups. It arouses a strong interest in the field...
Laurylmaltose neopentylglycol (LMNG) bears two linked hydrophobic chains of equal length and two hydrophilic maltoside groups. It arouses a strong interest in the field of membrane protein biochemistry, since it was shown to efficiently solubilize and stabilize membrane proteins often better than the commonly used dodecylmaltopyranoside (DDM), and to allow structure determination of some challenging membrane proteins. However, LMNG was described to form large micelles, which could be unfavorable for structural purposes. We thus investigated its auto-assemblies and the association state of different membrane proteins solubilized in LMNG by analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering, centrifugation on sucrose gradient and/or small angle scattering. At high concentrations (in the mM range), LMNG forms long rods, and it stabilized the membrane proteins investigated herein, i.e. a bacterial multidrug transporter, BmrA; a prokaryotic analogous of the eukaryotic NADPH oxidases, SpNOX; an E. coli outer membrane transporter, FhuA; and the halobacterial bacteriorhodopsin, bR. BmrA, in the Apo and the vanadate-inhibited forms showed reduced kinetics of limited proteolysis in LMNG compared to DDM. Both SpNOX and BmrA display an increased specific activity in LMNG compared to DDM. The four proteins form LMNG complexes with their usual quaternary structure and with usual amount of bound detergent. No heterogeneous complexes related to the large micelle size of LMNG alone were observed. In conditions where LMNG forms assemblies of large size, FhuA crystals diffracting to 4.0 Å were obtained by vapor diffusion. LMNG large micelle size thus does not preclude membrane protein homogeneity and crystallization.
Topics: Glycols; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kinetics; Maltose; Membrane Proteins; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Particle Size; Solubility
PubMed: 30776334
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.003 -
Journal of Cardiac Failure May 2024In some countries, intravenous ferric derisomaltose (FDI) is only licensed for treating iron deficiency with anemia. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Impact of Ferric Derisomaltose on Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Events in Patients With Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.
BACKGROUND
In some countries, intravenous ferric derisomaltose (FDI) is only licensed for treating iron deficiency with anemia. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of intravenous FDI in a subgroup of patients with anemia in the IRONMAN (Effectiveness of Intravenous (IV) Iron Treatment Versus Standard Care in Patients With Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency) trial.
METHOD AND RESULTS
IRONMAN enrolled patients with heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤45%, and iron deficiency (ferritin <100 µg/L or transferrin saturation of <20%), 771 (68%) of whom had anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL for women and <13 g/dL for men). Patients were randomized, open label, to FDI (n = 397) or usual care (n = 374) and followed for a median of 2.6 years. The primary end point, recurrent hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death, occurred less frequently for those assigned to FDI (rate ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.61-1.01; P = .063). First event analysis for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, less affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, gave similar results (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.96; P = .022). Patients randomized to FDI reported a better Minnesota Living with Heart Failure quality of life, for overall (P = .013) and physical domain (P = .00093) scores at 4 months.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with iron deficiency anemia and heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, intravenous FDI improves quality of life and may decrease cardiovascular events.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Heart Failure; Stroke Volume; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Middle Aged; Aged; Ferric Compounds; Treatment Outcome; COVID-19; Maltose; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37926238
DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.10.006 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Jun 2022Carboxymaltose iron (Ferinject®) is a formulation for intravenous (iv) administration, used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and/or iron deficiency when oral...
Carboxymaltose iron (Ferinject®) is a formulation for intravenous (iv) administration, used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and/or iron deficiency when oral administration of iron is not effective or due to intolerance. Its safety profile is excellent with few, but not nonexistent, side effects. Hypophosphatemia has been described as one of them. It is usually mild, transient and asymptomatic. However, in some cases it may be accompanied by nausea, asthenia, in addition to muscular and neurological symptoms and hematological alterations. It is, therefore, a potentially serious adverse effect whose prevalence is unknown and which requires high clinical suspicion to be detected.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Iron; Maltose; Osteomalacia
PubMed: 35105150
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.8621/2022 -
Molecular Imaging and Biology Apr 2015To develop novel positron emission tomography (PET) agents for visualization and therapy monitoring of bacterial infections.
PURPOSE
To develop novel positron emission tomography (PET) agents for visualization and therapy monitoring of bacterial infections.
PROCEDURES
It is known that maltose and maltodextrins are energy sources for bacteria. Hence, (18)F-labelled maltose derivatives could be a valuable tool for imaging bacterial infections. We have developed methods to synthesize 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-deoxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside (6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose) and 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-deoxy-1-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside (1-[(18)F]fluoromaltose) as bacterial infection PET imaging agents. 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose was prepared from precursor 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2',3',-di-O-acetyl-4',6'-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-deoxy-6-nosyl-D-glucopranoside (5). The synthesis involved the radio-fluorination of 5 followed by acidic and basic hydrolysis to give 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose. In an analogous procedure, 1-[(18)F]fluoromaltose was synthesized from 2,3, 6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2',3',4',6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-deoxy-1-O-triflyl-D-glucopranoside (9). Stability of 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human and mouse serum at 37 °C was determined. Escherichia coli uptake of 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose was examined.
RESULTS
A reliable synthesis of 1- and 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose has been accomplished with 4-6 and 5-8% radiochemical yields, respectively (decay-corrected with 95 % radiochemical purity). 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose was sufficiently stable over the time span needed for PET studies (∼96% intact compound after 1-h and ∼65% after 2-h incubation in serum). Bacterial uptake experiments indicated that E. coli transports 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose. Competition assays showed that the uptake of 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose was completely blocked by co-incubation with 1 mM of the natural substrate maltose.
CONCLUSION
We have successfully synthesized 1- and 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose via direct fluorination of appropriate protected maltose precursors. Bacterial uptake experiments in E. coli and stability studies suggest a possible application of 6-[(18)F]fluoromaltose as a new PET imaging agent for visualization and monitoring of bacterial infections.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Escherichia coli; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Maltose; Mice; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 25277604
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0793-5 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jul 1968Spores of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria are cryptic to maltose and isomaltose. Induction of a transport system can be effected by several sugars whose order of...
Spores of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria are cryptic to maltose and isomaltose. Induction of a transport system can be effected by several sugars whose order of effectiveness is: turanose > maltulose > sucrose > d-arabinose, d-fructose, nigerose, maltotriulose, kestose > melezitose, raffinose, nystose, and stachyose. The transport system is not specific to maltose and isomaltose, and it is apparently identical to an induced trehalose permease described previously. Induction of the permease is markedly influenced by spore age-older spores being more responsive. Pure maltose is not absorbed by spores. Absorption of commercial reagent-grade maltose is due to permease induction by maltulose as an impurity. Maltulose contamination of maltose was demonstrated by charcoal column chromatography and comparison of its physical, chemical, and permease-inductive properties with those of authentic maltulose. Maltose accumulates temporarily in spores after absorption and then decreases, although no conversion to glucose can be detected. Although spores contain small quantities of maltase, metabolism of maltose may be via some nonhydrolytic pathway.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carbohydrates; Enzyme Induction; Maltose; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mitosporic Fungi; Molecular Biology; Spores
PubMed: 5690932
DOI: 10.1128/jb.96.1.227-233.1968 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 1985The growth kinetics of Flavobacterium sp. strain S12 specialized in the utilization of glycerol, and a number of oligo- and polysaccharides were determined in...
The growth kinetics of Flavobacterium sp. strain S12 specialized in the utilization of glycerol, and a number of oligo- and polysaccharides were determined in batch-culture experiments at 15 degrees C in pasteurized tap water supplied with very low amounts of substrates. Kss for the growth on maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose were 0.03 microM or less and below those for glucose (1.5 microM) and maltose (0.16 microM). Kss for starch, amylose, and amylopectin were 8.4, 25.6, and 11.0 micrograms of C per liter, respectively. A yield of 2.3 X 10(7) CFU/micrograms of C on the oligo- and polysaccharides was calculated from the linear relationships observed between maximum colony counts in pasteurized tap water and the concentrations (usually below 25 micrograms of C per liter) of supplied compounds. The maximum colony counts of strain S12 grown in various types of raw water and tap water revealed that raw water contained only a few micrograms of maltose- and starch-like compounds per liter; in tap water the concentrations were all below 1 microgram of C and usually below 0.1 microgram of C per liter. The application of starch-based coagulant aids gave increased concentrations of maltose- and starch-like compounds in the water during treatment, but these concentrations were greatly reduced by coagulation and sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and slow sand filtration.
Topics: Flavobacterium; Maltose; Starch; Water
PubMed: 4004210
DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.4.765-771.1985 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Aug 2022Trehalose is a non-conventional sugar with potent applications in the food, healthcare and biopharma industries. In this study, trehalose was synthesized from maltose...
Trehalose is a non-conventional sugar with potent applications in the food, healthcare and biopharma industries. In this study, trehalose was synthesized from maltose using whole-cell TBRC 1196 producing trehalose synthase (TreS) as the biocatalyst. The reaction condition was optimized using 1% Triton X-100 permeabilized cells. According to our central composite design (CCD) experiment, the optimal process was achieved at 35°C and pH 8.0 for 24 h, resulting in the maximum trehalose yield of 51.60 g/g after 12 h using an initial cell loading of 94 g/l. Scale-up production in a lab-scale bioreactor led to the final trehalose concentration of 51.91 g/l with a yield of 51.60 g/g and productivity of 4.37 g/l/h together with 8.24 g/l glucose as a byproduct. A one-pot process integrating trehalose production and byproduct bioremoval showed 53.35% trehalose yield from 107.4 g/l after 15 h by permeabilized cells. The residual maltose and glucose were subsequently removed by TBRC 12153, resulting in trehalose recovery of 99.23% with 24.85 g/l ethanol obtained as a co-product. The present work provides an integrated alternative process for trehalose production from maltose syrup in bio-industry.
Topics: Biocatalysis; Glucosyltransferases; Maltose; Metabolic Engineering; Pseudomonas; Trehalose
PubMed: 35791071
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02028 -
Biomolecules Jan 2022This study aimed to synthesize maltitol using recombinant CGTase from A11 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sorbitol as a glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively, and...
This study aimed to synthesize maltitol using recombinant CGTase from A11 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sorbitol as a glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively, and assess its antibacterial activity. Optimal conditions for producing the highest yield, 25.0% (/), were incubation of 1% (/) β-CD and sorbitol with 400 U/mL of CGTase in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and 50 °C for 72 h. Subsequently, maltitol underwent large-scale production and was purified by HPLC. By mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of the synthesized maltitol was 379.08 daltons, corresponding exactly to that of standard maltitol. The relative sweetness of synthesized and standard maltitol was ~90% of that of sucrose. Spot assay on the agar plate showed that maltitol inhibited the growth of DMST 18777 cells. In addition, the MIC and MBC values of synthesized and standard maltitol against were also determined as 20 and 40 mg/mL, respectively. These results show that the synthesized maltitol can be produced at high yields and has the potential to be used as an anticariogenic agent in products such as toothpaste.
Topics: Maltose; Streptococcus mutans; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols
PubMed: 35204667
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020167 -
Biophysical Journal May 2019The dynamics of phosphocholine and maltoside micelles, detergents frequently used for membrane protein structure determination, were investigated using electron...
The dynamics of phosphocholine and maltoside micelles, detergents frequently used for membrane protein structure determination, were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance of spin probes doped into the micelles. Specifically, phosphocholines are frequently used detergents in NMR studies, and maltosides are frequently used in x-ray crystallography structure determination. Beyond the structural and electrostatic differences, this study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the local chain dynamics (i.e., fluidity). The nitroxide probe rotational dynamics in longer chain detergents is more restricted than in shorter chain detergents, and maltoside micelles are more restricted than phosphocholine micelles. Furthermore, the micelle microviscosity can be modulated with mixtures, as demonstrated with mixtures of 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate with n-dodecylphosphocholine, n-tetradecylphosphocholine, n-decyl-β-D-maltoside, or n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside. These results indicate that observed differences in membrane protein stability in these detergents could be due to fluidity in addition to the already determined structural differences.
Topics: Cholic Acids; Maltose; Membrane Fluidity; Micelles; Oxygen; Phosphorylcholine
PubMed: 31023535
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.019