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Scientific Reports Jul 2019Clinical imaging is widely used to detect, characterize and stage cancers in addition to monitoring the therapeutic progress. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aided by...
Clinical imaging is widely used to detect, characterize and stage cancers in addition to monitoring the therapeutic progress. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aided by contrast agents utilizes the differential relaxivity property of water to distinguish between tumorous and normal tissue. Here, we describe an MRI contrast method for the detection of cancer using a sugar alcohol, maltitol, a common low caloric sugar substitute that exploits the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) property of the labile hydroxyl group protons on maltitol (malCEST). In vitro studies pointed toward concentration and pH-dependent CEST effect peaking at 1 ppm downfield to the water resonance. Studies with control rats showed that intravenously injected maltitol does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB). In glioma carrying rats, administration of maltitol resulted in the elevation of CEST contrast in the tumor region only owing to permeable BBB. These preliminary results show that this method may lead to the development of maltitol and other sugar alcohol derivatives as MRI contrast agents for a variety of preclinical imaging applications.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glioma; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maltose; Phantoms, Imaging; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Sugar Alcohols
PubMed: 31366892
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47275-5 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020This study measured the proliferative activity of malto-oligosaccharide (MOS) as a prebiotic against Bifidobacteria, resistance to digestion in vitro, and changes during...
This study measured the proliferative activity of malto-oligosaccharide (MOS) as a prebiotic against Bifidobacteria, resistance to digestion in vitro, and changes during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microorganisms. It consisted of 21.74%, 18.84%, and 11.76% of maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose produced by amylase (HATT), respectively. When 1% of MOS was added to a modified PYF medium as the carbon source, proliferation of was increased significantly. During the in vitro digestion test, MOS was partially degraded by intestinal enzymes. Fermentation characteristics by human fecal microorganisms were evaluated by adding 1% galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), as well as 1% and 2% MOS as carbon sources to the basal medium, respectively. In comparison with the addition of 1% of MOS and GOS, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content increased over time when 2% of MOS was added. The species diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota increased significantly with 2% MOS compared to those with 1% GOS. In addition, the 2% addition of MOS reduced intestinal pathobiont microorganisms and increased commensal microorganisms including genus. Collectively, MOS produced by amylase increased the SCFA production and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Amylases; Anaerobiosis; Bifidobacterium; Carbon; Cell Proliferation; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Fermentation; Galactose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Maltose; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; Trisaccharides; Water; Young Adult
PubMed: 33182247
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215201 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Dec 2021Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with limited survival. Iron deficiency (ID) correlates with disease severity and mortality. While oral...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with limited survival. Iron deficiency (ID) correlates with disease severity and mortality. While oral iron supplementation was shown to be insufficient in such patients, the potential impact of parenteral iron on clinical measures warrants further investigation.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed the long-term effects of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on iron status and clinical measures in patients with PAH and ID [ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100-300 μg/L and transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%] who were on stable targeted PAH therapy, compared with matched controls without ID. Patients with ID received a single infusion of FCM (500 to 1000 mg). Clinical measures monitored included exercise capacity, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, ESC/ERS risk status, and hospitalizations. The observation period was up to 18 months.
RESULTS
One hundred and seventeen patients (mean age 60.9 ± 16.1 years; 64.1% females) with confirmed PAH and on stable targeted therapy for ≥3 months were included (58 with and 59 patients without ID who did not receive FCM). In patients with ID, iron supplementation with FCM resulted in an immediate and sustained improvement of iron status for up to 18 months (serum iron, ferritin, TSAT, all P < 0.01). Fourteen patients in the FCM group received a second FCM infusion after 9.6 ± 4.8 months due to recurrent ID. At 6 and 18 months after FCM infusion, 6 min walk distance improved from 377.5 ± 15.9 at baseline to 412.5 ± 15.1 and 400.8 ± 14.5 m, respectively (both P < 0.05). WHO functional class (P < 0.05) and ESC/ERS risk status also improved, and there was a reduction of hospitalizations for worsening PAH in the 12 months post vs. prior to iron repletion (P = 0.029). No significant changes were observed in the control group. FCM was well tolerated in all patients, with no severe adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to targeted therapy, correction of ID by parenteral iron supplementation with FCM appears feasible and safe, has sustained effects on iron status, and may improve the clinical status and hospitalization rates in patients with PAH. Larger controlled studies are required to confirm this finding.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Female; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34498427
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12764 -
Haematologica Jan 2016
Review
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Female; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Iron; Male; Maltose; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26518747
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.129114 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2001To determine whether diabetic care can be improved by combination of voglibose and gymnemic acid (GA), we compared the combinative and individual effects of voglibose... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
To determine whether diabetic care can be improved by combination of voglibose and gymnemic acid (GA), we compared the combinative and individual effects of voglibose and GA on maltose absorption in small intestine.
METHODS
The small intestine 30 cm long from 2 cm caudal ward Treitz's ligament of Wistar rat was used as an in situ loop, which was randomly perfused in recircular mode with maltose (10mmol/L) with or without different dosages of voglibose and/or GA for an hour. To compare the time course, perfusion of 10 mmol/L maltose was repeated four times. Each time continued for 1 hour and separated by 30 minutes rinse. In the first time, lower dosages of GA (0.5g/L) and/or voglibose (2 micromol/L) were contained except control.
RESULTS
Absorptive rate of maltose was the lowest in combinative group (P<0.05, ANOVA), for example, the inhibition rate was about 37% during the first hour when 0.5 g/L-GA and 2 micromol/L voglibose with 10 mmol/L maltose were perfused in the loop. The onset time was shortened to 30 minutes and the effective duration was prolonged to 4 hours with the combination; therefore the total amount of maltose absorption during the effective duration was inhibited more significantly than that in the individual administration (P < 0.05, U test of Mann Whitney). The effect of GA on absorptive barriers of the intestine played an important role in the combinative effects.
CONCLUSION
There are augmented effects of voglibose and GA. The management of diabetes mellitus can be improved by employing the combination.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Enzyme Inhibitors; Inositol; Intestine, Small; Male; Maltose; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Triterpenes
PubMed: 11819773
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i2.270 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (IV-FCM) can effectively correct perioperative anemia in patients undergoing major surgeries. However, its efficacy and side effects in...
Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (IV-FCM) can effectively correct perioperative anemia in patients undergoing major surgeries. However, its efficacy and side effects in patients undergoing free flap-based breast reconstruction are yet to be investigated. At our institution, from year 2020, patients with breast cancer undergoing abdominal free flap-based breast reconstruction were injected 500 mg of IV-FCM immediately post-operation. Propensity-matched 82 IV-FCM injected (study group) and 164 historical control group patients were retrospectively analyzed for transfusion rates, changes in hematological parameters, and flap or donor-site related complications. The major and minor complication rates related to the operation site were similar between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the transfusion rate between the two groups (control 29.9% vs. study 32.9%, p = 0.71). However, the total amount of transfusion required was significantly higher in the historical control group (control-53.2% 1 pack, 42.6% 2 packs, 4.3% 3 packs of RBC vs. Study-66.7% 1 pack, 33.3% 2 packs, p = 0.02) than in the study group. Additionally, the historical control group showed a significantly higher drop in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels from postoperative days 1-2 and 2-3 compared to the study group. Immediate postoperative use of IV-FCM in free flap-based breast reconstruction was well tolerated by patients and reduced overall transfusion volume.
Topics: Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Maltose; Ferric Compounds; Mammaplasty; Administration, Intravenous; Breast Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 36352090
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23976-2 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Sep 2022Iron deficiency (ID) impacts about fifty percent of elderly patients with many symptoms present before iron deficiency anaemia . If left untreated, ID may increase...
Iron deficiency (ID) impacts about fifty percent of elderly patients with many symptoms present before iron deficiency anaemia . If left untreated, ID may increase morbidity and mortality. Oral iron is often not tolerated or the absorption is suboptimal. We describe our initial experiences of using high-dose intravenous ferric derisomaltose (Monofer®) infusions of 500 and 1000mg for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia respectively in the outpatient setting. Rapid correction of laboratory parameters and improvement in common symptoms (such as fatigue) were observed. Intravenous iron may be an option for symptomatic iron deficient patients unsuitable for oral iron.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Disaccharides; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Middle Aged
PubMed: 36169078
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochemistry Apr 2019In cellular environments, proteins not only interact with their specific partners but also encounter a high concentration of bystander macromolecules, or crowders....
In cellular environments, proteins not only interact with their specific partners but also encounter a high concentration of bystander macromolecules, or crowders. Nonspecific interactions with macromolecular crowders modulate the activities of proteins, but our knowledge about the rules of nonspecific interactions is still very limited. In previous work, we presented experimental evidence that macromolecular crowders acted competitively in inhibiting the binding of maltose binding protein (MBP) with its ligand maltose. Competition between a ligand and an inhibitor may result from binding to either the same site or different conformations of the protein. Maltose binds to the cleft between two lobes of MBP, and in a series of mutants, the affinities increased with an increase in the extent of lobe closure. Here we investigated whether macromolecular crowders also have a conformational or site preference when binding to MBP. The affinities of a polymer crowder, Ficoll70, measured by monitoring tryptophan fluorescence were 3-6-fold higher for closure mutants than for wild-type MBP. Competition between the ligand and crowder, as indicated by fitting of titration data and directly by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their similar preferences for closed MBP conformations further suggest the scenario in which the crowder, like maltose, preferentially binds to the interlobe cleft of MBP. Similar observations were made for bovine serum albumin as a protein crowder. Conformational and site preferences in MBP-crowder binding allude to the paradigm that nonspecific interactions can possess hallmarks of molecular recognition, which may be essential for intracellular organizations including colocalization of proteins and liquid-liquid phase separation.
Topics: Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Maltose; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 30950267
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00154 -
BMJ Open Respiratory Research Jun 2020Increased iron availability modifies cardiorespiratory function in healthy volunteers and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Increased iron availability modifies cardiorespiratory function in healthy volunteers and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesised that intravenous iron would produce improvements in oxygenation, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS
We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 48 participants with COPD (mean±SD: age 69±8 years, haemoglobin 144.8±13.2 g/L, ferritin 97.1±70.0 µg/L, transferrin saturation 31.3%±15.2%; GOLD grades II-IV), each of whom received a single dose of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM; 15 mg/kg bodyweight) or saline placebo. The primary endpoint was peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO) at rest after 1 week. The secondary endpoints included daily SpO, overnight SpO, exercise SpO, 6 min walk distance, symptom and quality of life scores, serum iron indices, spirometry, echocardiographic measures, and exacerbation frequency.
RESULTS
SpO was unchanged 1 week after FCM administration (difference between groups 0.8%, 95% CI -0.2% to 1.7%). However, in secondary analyses, exercise capacity increased significantly after FCM administration, compared with placebo, with a mean difference in 6 min walk distance of 12.6 m (95% CI 1.6 to 23.5 m). Improvements of ≥40 m were observed in 29.2% of iron-treated and 0% of placebo-treated participants after 1 week (p=0.009). Modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale score was also significantly lower after FCM, and fewer participants reported scores ≥2 in the FCM group, compared with placebo (33.3% vs 66.7%, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in other secondary endpoints. Adverse event rates were similar between groups, except for hypophosphataemia, which occurred more frequently after FCM (91.7% vs 8.3%, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
FCM did not improve oxygenation over 8 weeks in patients with COPD. However, this treatment was well tolerated and produced improvements in exercise capacity and functional limitation caused by breathlessness. These effects on secondary endpoints require confirmation in future studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN09143837.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Dyspnea; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Ferric Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Walk Test
PubMed: 32565444
DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000577 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2020We report on a potential method to separate sugars by using the specific interaction between fullerenes and saccharides in liquid chromatography (LC). Aromatic rings...
We report on a potential method to separate sugars by using the specific interaction between fullerenes and saccharides in liquid chromatography (LC). Aromatic rings with high electron density are believed to interact strongly with saccharides due to CH-π and/or OH-π interactions. In this study, the fullerene-bonded columns were used to separate saccharides by LC under aqueous conditions. As a result, 2-aminobenzamide-labeled glucose homopolymer (Glcs) was effectively separated by both C60 and C70 columns in the range of Glc-1 to Glc-20 and high blood glucose level being retained in greater quantity. Furthermore, similar separations were identified by LC-mass spectrometry with non-labeled glucose homopolymers. Theoretical study based on molecular dynamics and DFT calculation demonstrated that a supramolecular complex of saccharide-fullerene was formed through CH-π and/or OH-π interactions, and that the interactions between saccharide and fullerene increase with the increase units of the saccharide. Additionally, the C60 column retained disaccharides containing maltose, trehalose, and sucrose. In this case, it was assumed that the retention rates were determined by the difference of the dipole moment in each saccharide. These results suggest that the dipole-induced dipole interaction was dominant, and that maltose-with the higher dipole moment-was more strongly retained compared to other disaccharides having lower dipole moment.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Computer Simulation; Glucaric Acid; Maltose; Mass Spectrometry; Silicon Dioxide; Sucrose; Trehalose
PubMed: 32796903
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70904-3