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Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 2017Glucomannans play a much broader role in human health then providing dietary fibre. They are biologically active molecules and can when added to the body imitate innate... (Review)
Review
Glucomannans play a much broader role in human health then providing dietary fibre. They are biologically active molecules and can when added to the body imitate innate molecules found in different organs including surface carbohydrates on cells. This review considers the immunological role of exogenous glucomannans within animals and man. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mannans
PubMed: 28489527
DOI: 10.18433/J31P52 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Establishing the rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is a key component to the improvement of clinical outcomes. The ability of analytical platforms to rapidly detect...
Establishing the rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is a key component to the improvement of clinical outcomes. The ability of analytical platforms to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in blood could provide a powerful host-independent biomarker of sepsis. A novel concept was investigated based on the idea that a pre-bound and fluorescent ligand could be released from lectins in contact with high-affinity ligands (such as PAMPs). To create fluorescent ligands with precise avidity, the kinetically followed TEMPO oxidation of yeast mannan and carbodiimide coupling were used. The chemical modifications led to decreases in avidity between mannan and human collectins, such as the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and human surfactant protein D (SP-D), but not in porcine SP-D. Despite this effect, these fluorescent derivatives were captured by human lectins using highly concentrated solutions. The resulting fluorescent beads were exposed to different solutions, and the results showed that displacements occur in contact with higher affinity ligands, proving that two-stage competition processes can occur in collectin carbohydrate recognition mechanisms. Moreover, the fluorescence loss depends on the discrepancy between the respective avidities of the recognized ligand and the fluorescent mannan. Chemically modulated fluorescent ligands associated with a diversity of collectins may lead to the creation of diagnostic tools suitable for multiplex array assays and the identification of high-avidity ligands.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Collectins; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; Mannans; Ligands; Lectins; Sepsis
PubMed: 36555720
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416067 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2022This is the first time to report a facile strategy to fabricate galactoglucomannan-based latex with highly transparent, hydrophobic and flexible characteristics by...
This is the first time to report a facile strategy to fabricate galactoglucomannan-based latex with highly transparent, hydrophobic and flexible characteristics by combining etherification with subsequent emulsion polymerization. The allylated galactoglucomannans (A-GGM) and galactoglucomannan-based latexes (GGM-L) were prepared and their chemical structure, substitution degree, molecular weight, conversion rate, particle size and zeta potential were characterized by ATR-FTIR, HNMR, quantitative CNMR, HP-SEC, HPLC and zeta-sizer nanometer analyzer, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of substitution degree on film surface roughness and homogeneity, water vapor permeability (WVP) and thermal stability were evaluated by AFM, SEM, WVP and TGA, respectively. The optimal GGM-L film exhibited 91.3% transmittance and 0.43% haze, 117° water contact angle, 31.2% elongation at break and 30.9 MPa ultimate tensile stress. The bio-based content of the GGM-L may reach about 99 wt%, which provides a promising avenue for polyolefin-based latex replacement for paper and paperboard applications.
Topics: Emulsions; Latex; Mannans; Polymerization
PubMed: 35698334
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119565 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the... (Review)
Review
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for the expansion of numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These immunotherapeutic strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several TLR agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced clinical trials. In recent years, multiple reports established the applicability of TLR agonists as adjuvants to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are a relatively novel approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy and are currently under extensive evaluation for treating different cancers. In the present review, we tried to deliver an inclusive discussion of the significant TLR agonists and discussed their application and challenges to their incorporation into cancer immunotherapy approaches, particularly highlighting the usage of TLR agonists as functional adjuvants to cancer vaccines. Finally, we present the translational potential of rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic agonists Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], an autologous cancer vaccine leveraging membrane-bound Mannan-BAM, and the immune-inducing prowess of TLR agonists as a probable immunotherapy in multiple cancer types.
Topics: Humans; Cancer Vaccines; Mannans; Toll-Like Receptors; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Adjuvants, Immunologic
PubMed: 37936697
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227833 -
Medical Mycology Sep 2022Detection of fungal cells in infected tissue by procedures such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and histopathology are well-established methods in medical...
Detection of fungal cells in infected tissue by procedures such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and histopathology are well-established methods in medical mycology. However, microscopy requires skilled personnel, specialized equipment, and may take considerable time to a result. An alternative approach is immunoassay for detection of fungal mannans in tissue as a biomarker for the presence of fungal cells. However, mannan is a component of the fungal cell wall, and detection of mannan would require a facile means for mannan extraction prior to detection by immunoassay. In this study, we evaluated a broad spectrum of extraction reagents using Trichophyton rubrum mycelia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mnn2 blastoconidia as model fungi. Oxidative release by treatment with dilute bleach proved to be a novel and highly effective procedure. Complete extraction occurred in as little as 2-4 min. Detergents, chaotropes, and acid were ineffective. Strong base released mannan but was less efficient than oxidative release and required the use of highly corrosive reagents. Oxidative release of cell wall mannans from fungal mycelia and blastoconidia may be an effective first step in immunodetection of fungi in tissues from infected humans, animals, or plants that could be done at or near the diagnostic point of need.
Topics: Animals; Caustics; Detergents; Humans; Immunoassay; Mannans; Oxidative Stress; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 36066604
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac066 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Jul 2018Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the roots and tubers of konjac plants. Recently, a degraded product of KGM, depolymerized KGM... (Review)
Review
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the roots and tubers of konjac plants. Recently, a degraded product of KGM, depolymerized KGM (DKGM), has attracted attention because of its low viscosity, improved hydrophily, and favorable physiological functions. In this review, we describe the preparation of DKGM and its prebiotic effects. Other health benefits of DKGM, covering antioxidant and immune activity, are also discussed, as well as its safety. DKGM could be a candidate for use as a tool for the treatment of various diseases, including intestinal flora imbalance, and oxidative- and immune-related disorders.
Topics: Amorphophallus; Animals; Antioxidants; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Immunologic Factors; Mannans; Plants, Medicinal; Polymerization; Prebiotics; Safety; Viscosity
PubMed: 29971989
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1700310 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Oct 2023Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common diarrheal pathogen in humans and animals. To prevent and treat ETEC induced diarrhea, we synthesized mannan...
Mannan oligosaccharides selenium ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier, and regulate intestinal microbiota to prevent Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli -induced diarrhea in weaned piglets.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common diarrheal pathogen in humans and animals. To prevent and treat ETEC induced diarrhea, we synthesized mannan oligosaccharide selenium (MOSS) and studied its beneficial effect on ETEC-induced diarrhea. A total of 32 healthy weaned piglets (6.69 ± 0.01 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: NC group (Basal diet), MOSS group (0.4 mg/kg MOSS supplemented diet), MOET group (0.4 mg/kg MOSS supplemented diet + ETEC treatment), ETEC group (ETEC treatment). NC and ETEC group fed with basal diet, MOSS and MOET group fed with the MOSS supplemented diet. On the 8th and 15th day of the experiment, MOET and ETEC group were gavaged with ETEC, and NC and MOSS group were gavaged with stroke-physiological saline solution. Our data showed that dietary MOSS supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and significantly decreased diarrhea index and frequency in ETEC-treated piglets. MOSS did not affect the α diversity and β diversity of ileal microbial community, but it significantly decreased the proportion of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in ileal microbial community. MOSS supplementation regulated colonic microbiota community composition, which significantly increased carbohydrate metabolism, and inhibited lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway in colonic microbial community. Moreover, MOSS significantly decreased inflammatory stress, and oxidative stress in ETEC treated piglets. Furthermore, dietary MOSS supplementation significantly decreased intestinal barrier permeability, and alleviated ETEC induced intestinal mucosa barrier irritation. In conclusion, our study showed that dietary MOSS supplementation ameliorated intestinal mucosa barrier, and regulated intestinal microbiota to prevent ETEC induced diarrhea in weaned piglets.
Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipopolysaccharides; Mannans; Selenium; Swine
PubMed: 37696080
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115448 -
Plant Physiology Nov 2018The interaction between mannan polysaccharides and cellulose microfibrils contributes to cell wall properties in some vascular plants, but the molecular arrangement of...
The interaction between mannan polysaccharides and cellulose microfibrils contributes to cell wall properties in some vascular plants, but the molecular arrangement of mannan in the cell wall and the nature of the molecular bonding between mannan and cellulose remain unknown. Previous studies have shown that mannan is important in maintaining Arabidopsis () seed mucilage architecture, and that Cellulose Synthase-Like A2 (CSLA2) synthesizes a glucomannan backbone, which Mannan α-Galactosyl Transferase1 (MAGT1/GlycosylTransferase-Like6/Mucilage Related10) might decorate with single α-Gal branches. Here, we investigated the ratio and sequence of Man and Glc and the arrangement of Gal residues in Arabidopsis mucilage mannan using enzyme sequential digestion, carbohydrate gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. We found that seed mucilage galactoglucomannan has a backbone consisting of the repeating disaccharide [4)-β-Glc-(1,4)-β-Man-(1,], and most of the Man residues in the backbone are substituted by single α-1,6-Gal. CSLA2 is responsible for the synthesis of this patterned glucomannan backbone and MAGT1 catalyses the addition of α-Gal. In vitro activity assays revealed that MAGT1 transferred α-Gal from UDP-Gal only to Man residues within the CSLA2 patterned glucomannan backbone acceptor. These results indicate that CSLAs and galactosyltransferases are able to make precisely defined galactoglucomannan structures. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested this patterned galactoglucomannan is able to bind stably to some hydrophilic faces and to hydrophobic faces of cellulose microfibrils. A specialization of the biosynthetic machinery to make galactoglucomannan with a patterned structure may therefore regulate the mode of binding of this hemicellulose to cellulose fibrils.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Cell Wall; Cellulose; Galactosyltransferases; Glucosyltransferases; Glycosyltransferases; Mannans; Plant Mucilage; Polysaccharides; Seeds
PubMed: 30185440
DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00709 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2019Macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206) is a promising target for the detection and identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN). MMR-targeting probes have been developed...
Macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206) is a promising target for the detection and identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN). MMR-targeting probes have been developed using mannosylated dextran, however, impairment of efficient targeting of SLN was often caused because of retention of injection site in which macrophages and dendritic cells exist. In this study, we prepared new MMR-targeting probes from yeast mannan (85 kDa), and its bioditribution was investigated. In-vivo evaluation showed that 11.9% of injected dose of Tc-labeled mannan-S-cysteines (Tc-MSCs) was accumulated in popliteal lymph node (the SLN in this model), however, significant level of radioactivity (approximately 80%) was remained in injection site. Interestingly, Tc-labeled low molecular weight mannan-S-cysteine mannan (Tc-LSC) prepared from 50 and 25 kDa mannan showed a decreased specific accumulation of Tc-LSC in the popliteal lymph node, while the radioactivity at the injection site remained unchanged. These results suggest that the molecular size, or nature/shape of the sugar chain is important for the specific accumulation of Tc-MSC in popliteal lymph node.
Topics: Animals; Cysteine; Lymph Nodes; Mannans; Mice; Molecular Weight; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Technetium; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 31061325
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00026 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Early detection of metastasis is crucial for successful cancer treatment. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies are used to detect possible pathways of metastasis spread....
Early detection of metastasis is crucial for successful cancer treatment. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies are used to detect possible pathways of metastasis spread. We present a unique non-invasive diagnostic alternative to biopsy along with an intraoperative imaging tool for surgery proven on an in vivo animal tumor model. Our approach is based on mannan-based copolymers synergistically targeting: (1) SLNs and macrophage-infiltrated solid tumor areas via the high-affinity DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin) receptors and (2) tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The polymer conjugates were modified with the imaging probes for visualization with magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging, respectively, and with poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (POX) to lower unwanted accumulation in internal organs and to slow down the biodegradation rate. We demonstrated that these polymer conjugates were successfully accumulated in tumors, SLNs and other lymph nodes. Modification with POX resulted in lower accumulation not only in internal organs, but also in lymph nodes and tumors. Importantly, we have shown that mannan-based polymer carriers are non-toxic and, when applied to an in vivo murine cancer model, and offer promising potential as the versatile imaging agents.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mannans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Nude; Nanoparticles; Optical Imaging; Sentinel Lymph Node; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 33396204
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010146