-
Demography Jun 2015The transmission of individual characteristics and behaviors across generations has frequently been studied in the social sciences. For a growing number of children,...
The transmission of individual characteristics and behaviors across generations has frequently been studied in the social sciences. For a growing number of children, however, the biological father was present in the household for only part of the time; and for many children, stepfathers were present. What are the implications of these changes for the process of intergenerational transmission? To answer this question, this article compares intergenerational transmission among married, divorced, and stepparents. Two forms of reproduction are studied: educational attainment and church attendance. For education, divorced fathers were as influential as married fathers, whereas stepfathers were less influential. For church attendance, married fathers were most influential, divorced fathers were least influential, and stepfathers were in between. Divorced mothers, in contrast, appeared to be more influential than married mothers. These findings lend negative support for the social capital hypothesis and positive support for notions of value socialization. The strong role of the divorced father for educational transmission is consistent with genetic processes and hypotheses about early advantages.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Divorce; Education; Educational Status; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Parents; Religion; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26012844
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-015-0388-z -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jun 2022A burgeoning literature links being married to better cognitive health, but less attention has been paid to how couples view their marital relationships. Couples do not...
OBJECTIVES
A burgeoning literature links being married to better cognitive health, but less attention has been paid to how couples view their marital relationships. Couples do not always concur in their assessments, and such discrepancies affect both partners' health. We present a dyadic study on whether and how overall and discrepant views of marital quality predicted (a) dementia onset and (b) changes in older adults' depressive symptoms with spousal dementia.
METHODS
A pooled sample of couples aged 50+ (dyad N = 3,936) from the Health and Retirement Study rated positive and negative marital quality at baseline (2006/2008). Each participant reported whether they had been told of having dementia and their depressive symptoms once every other year (2006/2008-2014/2016).
RESULTS
Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that older adults who rated their marriages either more positively or more negatively than their spouses were more likely to develop dementia. We applied multiphase growth curve modeling to older adults whose spouses developed dementia, finding that those in marriages that were more negative overall reported more depressive symptoms but exhibited a smaller increase in these symptoms in response to spousal dementia.
DISCUSSION
This study adds to the literature by showing how discrepant marital assessments shape cognitive aging and offers new insights into identifying older adults with greater dementia risk. Findings also revealed the impact of overall negative marital quality on older adults' psychological adjustment to spousal dementia, which could inform interventions intended to help couples better cope with early-stage dementia from a relational perspective.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Dementia; Humans; Marriage; Retirement; Spouses
PubMed: 34940834
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab235 -
American Family Physician Jun 2019
Topics: Communication; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Marriage; Middle Aged
PubMed: 31150187
DOI: No ID Found -
Fertility and Sterility Aug 1991To examine the relative importance of husband, wife, and couple factors as determinants of sterilization method choice.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relative importance of husband, wife, and couple factors as determinants of sterilization method choice.
DESIGN
Married couples seeking sterilization interviewed before surgery and again 1 year later.
SETTING
Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program subscribers seeking care at the Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Santa Clara, California.
PARTICIPANTS
Two hundred married women seeking a tubal sterilization and their husbands and 200 married men seeking a vasectomy and their wives.
INTERVENTIONS
None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Sterilization method chosen.
RESULTS
In a logistic regression model, nine predictor variables correctly classified 94.9% of 395 couples (P less than 0.000).
CONCLUSIONS
The choice of a sterilization method is achieved primarily through processes that involve both spouses. The motivations of both husband and wife, their mutual influence and communication, their present pattern of contraceptive use, and what they know about the satisfactions or dissatisfactions of other people who have had sterilizations are all factors that should be taken into account when the clinician helps a patient make the method-choice decision.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Communication; Contraception Behavior; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Marriage; Motivation; Sterilization, Tubal; Vasectomy
PubMed: 2070857
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54485-9 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Mar 2020Sexual satisfaction is an essential component of overall health related quality of life. However, the epidemiology of sexual satisfaction among Ethiopian women is...
BACKGROUND
Sexual satisfaction is an essential component of overall health related quality of life. However, the epidemiology of sexual satisfaction among Ethiopian women is largely unknown. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the sexual satisfaction and its associated factors among married women.
METHODS
Community-based cross-sectional study with mixed approach was conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2019 in Kewot District, Northern Ethiopia on a sample of 397 married women. Quantitative data was collected on a face-to-face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire while qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews. The new sexual satisfaction scale was used to assess sexual satisfaction of the women. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 23.
RESULTS
The findings showed that half of the participants (50.4%) expressed moderate sexual satisfaction, and only 39% of the participants reported greatest sexual satisfaction. Poor partner communication (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI; 0.11-0.79], poor sexual self-esteem (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI; 0.08 - 0.36), absence of social responsibility (AOR = 6.52, 95% CI; 3.32 - 12.80), poor sexual function (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI; 0.21 - 0.61), no previous information about sexuality (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI; 0.00 - 0.62) and perception of sexual talk as taboo (AOR = 7.15, 95% CI; 3.86 - 13.26) were significantly associated with sexual satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
Several factors could affect sexual satisfaction of married women. Therefore, development of educational programs, pre-marriage counseling and continuous education should be conducted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Marriage; Orgasm; Personal Satisfaction; Quality of Life; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Surveys and Questionnaires; Women; Young Adult
PubMed: 32165806
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i2.4 -
Demography Aug 2018Increases in cohabitation, nonmarital childbearing, and partnership dissolution have reshaped the family landscape in most Western countries. The United States shares...
Increases in cohabitation, nonmarital childbearing, and partnership dissolution have reshaped the family landscape in most Western countries. The United States shares many features of family change common elsewhere, although it is exceptional in its high degree of union instability. In this study, we use the Harmonized Histories to provide a rich, descriptive account of union instability among couples who have had a child together in the United States and several European countries. First, we compare within-country differences between cohabiting and married parents in education, prior family experiences, and age at first birth. Second, we estimate differences in the stability of cohabiting and married parents, paying attention to transitions into marriage among those cohabiting at birth. Finally, we explore the implications of differences in parents' characteristics for union instability and the magnitude of social class differences in union instability across countries. Although similar factors are associated with union instability across countries, some (prior childbearing, early childbearing) are by far more common in the United States, accounting in part for higher shares separating. The factors associated with union instability-lower education, prior childbearing, early childbearing-also tend to be more tightly packaged in the United States than elsewhere, suggesting greater inequality in resources for children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Educational Status; Europe; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 29881981
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0683-6 -
PloS One 2020Adolescent girls in West Africa are migrating in search of educational and livelihood opportunities. In Mali, early marriage (before the legal age of 16) is a common...
Adolescent girls in West Africa are migrating in search of educational and livelihood opportunities. In Mali, early marriage (before the legal age of 16) is a common practice. This paper builds on prior research on female migration that focused on the direct influences of migration on marriage and explores the wider social impact of rising female migration in sending communities by examining direct and indirect effects and intended and unintended consequences. This study examines perceptions about migration among girls and their parents including how it influences marital timing, marriage preparations, marriage practices, and marital relations. Qualitative data were collected from 140 adolescent girls and 115 parents of adolescent girls in rural areas in focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 31) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) (n = 41) to inform how girls' migration patterns might influence program recruitment strategies and content for an intervention aimed at addressing early marriage in Mali. Our findings concur with earlier studies that migration has direct effects on marriage because it allows girls to both avoid early marriage and prepare for marriage through the assembly of goods and wares to bring to their conjugal homes. Despite some of the perceived risks of migration on marriage, the indirect effects of migration include allowing girls to see different types of marriage practices and marital relationships between husbands and wives and potentially allowing migrant girls to exert more influence over the marital process compared to non-migrants. However, migration can expose girls to new ideas and alternatives that may be incongruent with cultural expectations for them once they return to their communities. This study suggests that migration is seen as an inevitable part of life for many adolescent girls in Mali. Girls who migrate may return to their villages with not only items or income that provide direct benefits to a marriage, but also viewpoints on the expectations for women and girls in their communities that indirectly influence marital relationships. Although this can be challenging for individual returned girls in terms of reintegration, these new expectations may, over time, lead to social changes that influence migrants and non-migrants. Program strategies and approaches must consider the possibility of migration as an important aspect of every adolescent girl's opportunity structure. The qualitative data suggests that certain skills are critical for adolescent girls. Programs should emphasize the acquisition of relevant skills such as communication, risk assessment, negotiation and money management in ways that are relevant for migrants and non-migrants.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age Factors; Child; Developing Countries; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; Mali; Marriage; Middle Aged; Parents; Qualitative Research; Socioeconomic Factors; Transients and Migrants; Young Adult
PubMed: 32196524
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230370 -
Journal of Homosexuality 2018This qualitative study examines how mid-life gay and lesbian married individuals articulate their decision to marry. Using 2013 data from 30 mid-life couples in...
This qualitative study examines how mid-life gay and lesbian married individuals articulate their decision to marry. Using 2013 data from 30 mid-life couples in Massachusetts, this study challenges previous literature that conceptualized marriage as entirely positive or negative for same-sex individuals. Mid-life individuals' unique social and historical context influence their experiences of marriage, as mid-life individuals have witnessed the rise and feasibility of marriage equality, have formed relationships outside of the bounds of marriage, and have been in committed relationships long before they married. Using the framework of ambivalence, our findings provide three main contributions to the literature. First, we show that marital ambivalence is a common experience in our sample. Second, we detail how marital ambivalence is indicative of the age, life-course stage, and length of relationship for mid-life lesbian and gay individuals. Third, we explore ambivalence at the level of the relationship, not just as an individual experience. This study provides new insight into how sexuality shapes both intimate relationship dynamics as well as the effect of same-sex marriage on LGBT communities and identities.
Topics: Adult; Decision Making; Female; Homosexuality; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Sexual Partners; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Spouses
PubMed: 29611778
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1423213 -
African Health Sciences Mar 2021In Nigeria, about 1.25million induced abortions occur annually and the country accounts for one-fifth of abortion-related deaths globally.
BACKGROUND
In Nigeria, about 1.25million induced abortions occur annually and the country accounts for one-fifth of abortion-related deaths globally.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to assess the determinants of induced abortion among married women.
METHODS
A mixed methods study was conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The quantitative component employed a cross-sectional study design while the qualitative aspect comprised focus group discussions. Information on contraceptives use, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion were obtained from 402 married women (with at least one child) aged 18-49 years using a semi-structured questionnaire. Four focus group discussion sessions were conducted among women of reproductive age.
RESULTS
Majority (67.2%) of respondents had ever used a contraceptive method. However, 34.3% of the women have had unintended pregnancies and 14.2% had induced abortion. FGD findings revealed that non-use of contraceptives and contraceptive failure were major reasons for unintended pregnancies and induced abortion. The significant predictors of induced abortion were non-use of contraceptives, age≥ 40 years and multiparity.
CONCLUSION
Induced abortion still occur among married women particularly those not using contraceptives, aged ≥40 years and those with high parity. More emphasis should be placed on making contraceptives more accessible to married women.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Contraception Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Marriage; Nigeria; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 34394314
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.42 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Intimate partner violence (IPV), and especially intimate partner physical violence (IPPV), perpetrated by husbands, and within adolescence marriage are pervasive in...
BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence (IPV), and especially intimate partner physical violence (IPPV), perpetrated by husbands, and within adolescence marriage are pervasive in Bangladesh. Younger women are more vulnerable to IPPV.
OBJECTIVES
We examined factors associated with IPPV experienced by married adolescents ages 15-19 and tested four hypotheses: (1) adolescent girls married to relatively older husbands, (2) adolescents living in extended families with parents or parents-in-law, (3) adolescents who are minimally controlled by husbands, and (4) adolescents who have a child after marriage are protective of IPPV.
METHODS
We analyzed IPPV data from 1,846 married girls ages 15-19 obtained from a national adolescent survey conducted in 2019-20. IPPV is defined as the respondent having physical violence perpetrated by her husband at least once in the last 12 months. We implemented logistic regression models to test our hypotheses.
RESULTS
Sixteen percent of married adolescent girls experienced IPPV. Girls living with parents-in-law or parents had adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.56 ( < 0.001) of IPPV compared to those girls who lived with husband alone. Girls with husbands ages 21-25 years and 26 years or older had AORs of 0.45 ( < 0.001) and 0.33 ( < 0.001) of IPPV compared to those girls with their husband ages 20 and younger. Married adolescent girls who did not own a mobile phone (an indicator of spousal power dynamics) had an AOR of 1.39 ( < 0.05) compared to those girls who had a phone. IPPV risk increases with an increased duration of marriage for those with no living children ( < 0.001) but not for those with at least one living child; the risk was higher among those who had a child within the 1 year of marriage than those who had not yet had a child. At a duration of 4 years and longer, IPPV risk was higher among those with no living children than those with children.
DISCUSSION
Findings related to those living with parents-in-law or parents, girls married to relatively older boys/men, having the ability to communicate with outside world, and having a child are protective of IPPV in Bangladesh are new, to our knowledge. Strictly adhering to the law that requires men waiting until the age of 21 to marry can reduce married girls' risk of IPPV. Raising girls' legal marriage age can minimize adolescents' IPPV and other health risks associated with adolescent childbearing.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Child; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Marriage; Bangladesh; Physical Abuse; Intimate Partner Violence; Parents
PubMed: 37077187
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125056