-
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
BACKGROUND
The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal-sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical.
ANIMALS
Ninety-four dogs with histologically-confirmed treatment-naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT.
METHODS
This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT-related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT-related and non-MCT-related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT-related causes: 1 low-grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high-grade had distant relapse (HN3-HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs.
CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION
Low grade/low-risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre- and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Female; Male; Lymphatic Metastasis; Sentinel Lymph Node; Lymph Node Excision; Cohort Studies; Mastocytoma; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38426589
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16997 -
Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica 2019Canine cutaneous round cell tumours (CCRCTs) include various benign and malignant neoplastic processes. Due to their similar morphology, the diagnosis of CCRCTs based on...
INTRODUCTION
Canine cutaneous round cell tumours (CCRCTs) include various benign and malignant neoplastic processes. Due to their similar morphology, the diagnosis of CCRCTs based on histopathological examination alone can be challenging, often necessitating ancillary immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. This study presents a retrospective analysis of CCRCTs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study includes 60 cases of CCRCTs, including 55 solitary and 5 multiple tumours, evaluated immunohistochemically using a basic antibody panel (MHCII, CD18, Iba1, CD3, CD79a, CD20 and mast cell tryptase) and, when appropriate, extended antibody panel (vimentin, desmin, a-SMA, S-100, melan-A and pan-keratin). Additionally, histochemical stainings (May-Grünwald-Giemsa and methyl green pyronine) were performed.
RESULTS
IHC analysis using a basic antibody panel revealed 27 cases of histiocytoma, one case of histiocytic sarcoma, 18 cases of cutaneous lymphoma of either T-cell (CD3+) or B-cell (CD79a+) origin, 5 cases of plas-macytoma, and 4 cases of mast cell tumours. The extended antibody panel revealed 2 cases of alveolar rhabdo-myosarcoma, 2 cases of amelanotic melanoma, and one case of glomus tumour.
CONCLUSIONS
Both canine cutaneous histiocytoma and cutaneous lymphoma should be considered at the beginning of differential diagnosis for CCRCTs. While most poorly differentiated CCRCTs can be diagnosed immunohis-tochemically using 1-4 basic antibodies, some require a broad antibody panel, including mesenchymal, epithelial, myogenic, and melanocytic markers. The expression of Iba1 is specific for canine cutaneous histiocytic tumours, and more sensitive than CD18. The utility of CD20 in the diagnosis of CCRCTs is limited.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunohistochemistry; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31553052
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.a2019.0016 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2009In the clinical staging of cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCT), the diagnosis of metastasis is controversial based on cytological examination of lymph nodes, spleen,...
BACKGROUND
In the clinical staging of cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCT), the diagnosis of metastasis is controversial based on cytological examination of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and blood.
OBJECTIVES
To define the prognostic role of ultrasound-guided cytology of spleen and liver in cMCT. The results of cytological evaluation were compared in relation with survival time.
ANIMALS
Fifty-two client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of cMCT.
METHODS
Selection of cases was based on cytological evaluation of liver and spleen to detect infiltration at distant sites. The Kaplan Meier method was used to compare survival in dogs with and without infiltration of spleen and liver (log-rank test P < .05).
RESULTS
Ten dogs with cMCT had mast cell infiltration of spleen, liver, or both and 4 of these dogs had involvement of the regional lymph nodes. The majority of dogs had 2 or more ultrasonographically abnormal findings simultaneously in spleen and liver. Nine dogs had grade II cMCT, and 1 had grade III cMCT. Dogs with positive evidence of mast cell infiltration to spleen, liver, or both had shorter survival times (34 versus 733 days) compared with dogs negative for mast cell infiltration at distant sites.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Dogs with evidence of mast cell infiltration at distant sites have a shorter survival times than dogs without evidence of infiltration at distant sites. This study suggests that cytology of spleen and liver is indicated either for ultrasonographically normal or for ultrasonographically abnormal spleen and liver in dogs with cMCT.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Splenic Neoplasms; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 19656285
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0354.x -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 2007The mast-cell sarcoma of a bone is described here for the first time. The tumour presented in a 4-year-old boy, with pain, oedema and deformation of his right lower leg....
The mast-cell sarcoma of a bone is described here for the first time. The tumour presented in a 4-year-old boy, with pain, oedema and deformation of his right lower leg. Radiological findings revealed a destructive tumourous mass. Histopathological examination showed the tumour to be composed of large, atypical cells, with hyperchromatic oval and polygonal nuclei. The cytoplasm around them was eosinophilic with many basophilic and toluidine-blue-positive granules. These atypical mast cells were positive for chloroacetate esterase, c-kit, tryptase and negative for myeloperoxidase. The primary disease quickly progressed to mast-cell leukaemia, and despite intensive chemotherapy the patient died 18 months after first symptoms.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Tibia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 17405977
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.040857 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1999Forty-one dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) were treated with oral prednisone and injectable vinblastine (VBL), both in the adjuvant setting (23 dogs) and in dogs with...
Forty-one dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) were treated with oral prednisone and injectable vinblastine (VBL), both in the adjuvant setting (23 dogs) and in dogs with gross disease (18 dogs). Adverse effects were noted in 20% (8/41) of the patients, usually after the 1st dose of VBL. Adverse effects were considered mild in 6, and severe, necessitating treatment discontinuation, in 2 (5%). Overall response rate in the evaluable dogs with gross disease was 47% (7/15), consisting of 5 complete responses and 2 partial responses. Median response duration was 154 days (24 to >645 days). As adjuvant therapy to incomplete surgical resection, prednisone and VBL conferred a 57% 1- and 2-year disease-free rate. Median survival time (MST) for the entire patient population was not reached with a median follow-up of 573 days; however, the MST for dogs with grade III MCT was 331 days, with 45% of dogs alive at 1 and 2 years. This is an apparent improvement over historical survival data employing surgery alone. Upon univariate analysis, significant prognostic factors (P < .05) for survival included presence of a locally recurrent tumor, presence of gross disease, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region frequency, lymph node status, histologic grade, previous chemotherapy, and ulceration of the tumor. Similar criteria were significant when analyzed for time to treatment failure. Response to therapy was also predictive of survival in the gross disease group. Upon multivariate analysis, histologic grade (P = .012) and presence of a locally recurrent tumor (P < .001) were significant factors for survival.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Disease-Free Survival; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Prednisone; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Vinblastine
PubMed: 10499735
DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(1999)013<0491:pavcfc>2.3.co;2 -
The American Journal of Pathology Nov 1978Three tumor systems, including a mastocytoma, plasmacytomas, and a leukemia-lymphoma were studied for their ability to modify humoral immunity to sheep erythrocytes both...
Three tumor systems, including a mastocytoma, plasmacytomas, and a leukemia-lymphoma were studied for their ability to modify humoral immunity to sheep erythrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. All tumors resulted in a depression of the hemolytic antibody plaque-forming cell response in susceptible mice. These studies indicated that the mechanism(s) of suppression, although not fully defined, were different for each model system investigated.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Cell Line; Cell-Free System; Friend murine leukemia virus; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukemia, Experimental; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 102206
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of... Dec 2016Mast cells are vital mediators of drug allergy and, therefore, studying the relationship between drug allergy and mast cells is essential. Sinomenine is the principal...
Mast cells are vital mediators of drug allergy and, therefore, studying the relationship between drug allergy and mast cells is essential. Sinomenine is the principal active component of Sinomenium acutum, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-immune effects, and is used to treat various rheumatoid diseases. However, allergic responses to sinomenine are frequently reported. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of sinomenine on mast cell activation to characterize its allergic effects and the underlying mechanisms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analyses, and degranulation assays were performed to measure pro-inflammatory and allergic mediators in P815 cells. The allergenic effects of sinomenine were also determined in mice by using active general anaphylaxis (ASA). The results indicated that sinomenine induced inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP) production and the release of histamine, interleukin (IL)-6, and endoplasmic reticulum Ca in P815 cells. Furthermore, sinomenine upregulated the phosphorylation of sarcoma (Src), phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1, and IP receptor (R). Therefore, sinomenine induced concentration-dependent mast cell activation directly in vitro Furthermore, our in vivo data identified an appropriate intravenous dose that did not induce these allergic effects, thereby providing information for the potential safe clinical use of sinomenine.
Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcium; Cell Degranulation; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Interleukin-6; Male; Mast Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Morphinans; Phospholipase C gamma; Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation; src-Family Kinases
PubMed: 26714520
DOI: 10.1177/0394632015621768 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jul 2007Primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma is rare and poses a diagnostic challenge particularly when unusual histological features are present. We present 60... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma is rare and poses a diagnostic challenge particularly when unusual histological features are present. We present 60 cases of primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma (29 male and 27 female subjects; mean age, 42 years) and compare our results with five prior series to better define unusual histological features. Clinically, patients with mediastinal synovial sarcoma were younger with a male gender bias. Radiologically, tumors were well delineated with distinctive magnetic resonance imaging features and little vascular enhancement. In all, 21/46 patients died of disease within 5 years. Histologically, all tumors had dense cellularity, interlacing fascicles, hyalinized stroma, and mast cell influx. Hemangiopericytoma-like vasculature (48/60), focal myxoid change (30/60), and entrapped pneumocytes (23/60) were seen. Calcification was not prevalent (10/60). Unusual histological features included Verocay body-like formations (7/60), vague rosettes (6/60), well-formed papillary structures (3/60), adenomatoid change (3/60), and rhabdoid morphology (2/60). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of pancytokeratin (39/58), epithelial membrane antigen (29/53), cytokeratin 7 (26/40), cytokeratin 5/6 (5/7), calretinin (15/23), CD99 (19/23), bcl-2 (24/24), CD56 (11/11), S-100 (9/51), and smooth muscle actin (8/32). In total, 92% (36/39) of primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcomas studied were positive for t(x;18). In conclusion, our study confirms the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data from previous large series of primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma. Compared with soft tissue synovial sarcoma, primary pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma has less calcification, less obvious mast cell influx, and less radiologic vascularity, but similar magnetic resonance imaging features, percentage of poorly differentiated tumors, and number of t(x;18)-positive tumors. Awareness of focal unusual histology can prevent misdiagnosis particularly in t(x;18)-negative tumors.
Topics: 12E7 Antigen; Adult; Antigens, CD; CD56 Antigen; Calbindin 2; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; Chromosomes, Human, X; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma, Synovial; Survival Rate; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 17464314
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800795 -
Veterinary Surgery : VS Aug 2016To assess the ability of a novel imaging system designed for intraoperative detection of residual cancer in tumor beds to distinguish neoplastic from normal tissue in...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the ability of a novel imaging system designed for intraoperative detection of residual cancer in tumor beds to distinguish neoplastic from normal tissue in dogs undergoing resection of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and mast cell tumor (MCT).
STUDY DESIGN
Non-randomized prospective clinical trial.
ANIMALS
12 dogs with STS and 7 dogs with MCT.
METHODS
A fluorescent imaging agent that is activated by proteases in vivo was administered to the dogs 4-6 or 24-26 hours before tumor resection. During surgery, a handheld imaging device was used to measure fluorescence intensity within the cancerous portion of the resected specimen and determine an intensity threshold for subsequent identification of cancer. Selected areas within the resected specimen and tumor bed were then imaged, and biopsies (n=101) were obtained from areas that did or did not have a fluorescence intensity exceeding the threshold. Results of intraoperative fluorescence and histology were compared.
RESULTS
The imaging system correctly distinguished cancer from normal tissue in 93/101 biopsies (92%). Using histology as the reference, the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging system for identification of cancer in biopsies were 92% and 92%, respectively. There were 10/19 (53%) dogs which exhibited transient facial erythema soon after injection of the imaging agent which responded to but was not consistently prevented by intravenous diphenhydramine.
CONCLUSION
A fluorescence-based imaging system designed for intraoperative use can distinguish canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and mast cell tumor (MCT) tissue from normal tissue with a high degree of accuracy. The system has potential to assist surgeons in assessing the adequacy of tumor resections during surgery, potentially reducing the risk of local tumor recurrence. Although responsive to antihistamines, the risk of hypersensitivity needs to be considered in light of the potential benefits of this imaging system in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Mastocytoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm, Residual; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma
PubMed: 27281113
DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12487 -
PloS One 2015Both canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) and human systemic mastocytosis (SM) are characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in tissues...
INTRODUCTION
Both canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) and human systemic mastocytosis (SM) are characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in tissues and, frequently, by the presence of activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase V-Kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 Feline Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (c-KIT), albeit at different incidence (>80% in SM and 10-30% in MCT). In the last few years, it has been discovered that additional mutations in other genes belonging to the methylation system, the splicing machinery and cell signaling, contribute, with c-KIT, to SM pathogenesis and/or phenotype. In the present study, the mutational profile of the Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2), the isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), the splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1), the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), commonly mutated in human myeloid malignancies and mastocytosis, was investigated in canine MCTs.
METHODS
Using the Sanger sequencing method, a cohort of 75 DNA samples extracted from MCT biopsies already investigated for c-KIT mutations were screened for the "human-like" hot spot mutations of listed genes.
RESULTS
No mutations were ever identified except for TET2 even if with low frequency (2.7%). In contrast to what is observed in human TET2 no frame-shift mutations were found in MCT samples.
CONCLUSION
Results obtained in this preliminary study are suggestive of a substantial difference between human SM and canine MCT if we consider some target genes known to be involved in the pathogenesis of human SM.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dioxygenases; Dog Diseases; Dogs; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Mast Cells; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphoproteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); RNA Splicing Factors; Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear; Ribonucleoproteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
PubMed: 26562302
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142450