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Journal of Medicine and Life 2019This study aimed to assess the masticatory efficiency in patients with a removable dental prosthesis, presenting different systemic, oral and prosthetic states while... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
This study aimed to assess the masticatory efficiency in patients with a removable dental prosthesis, presenting different systemic, oral and prosthetic states while chewing different foods. The study was conducted on a convenient sample of patients aged 45 and above, with removable prostheses in at least one jaw. Patients were asked to chew samples of digestive biscuits, apple, and carrot, until the sensation of swallowing. The recorded masticatory function parameters were: chewing time, the number of mastication cycles, mean masticatory cycle duration, and chewing frequency. We found out that the masticatory functional parameters registered statistically significant differences according to the chewed food (e.g., generally the highest values were recorded for carrot and lowest for apple), most likely this being in relation to food's consistency, wetting, and adherence. High positive correlations were found between the chewing time and the number of mastication cycles for all three foods taken into consideration. Higher values for chewing time and number of mastication cycles were found for all foods in patients with complete dentures and overdentures, and while chewing carrot in patients with altered general status and of advanced age. Therefore, it that it takes a different time and number of mastication cycles to complete chewing, in relation to individual and food characteristics, to the systemic, oral and prosthetic patient's status. The residual teeth number and the type of prosthetic rehabilitation favor the adaptation and improvement of masticatory parameters and can have marker value for masticatory efficiency.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Deglutition; Dental Prosthesis; Denture, Complete; Female; Food; Humans; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Time Factors
PubMed: 31123524
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0028 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2017The study was designed to investigate if alteration of different orofacial afferent inputs would have different effects on oral fine motor control and to test the...
OBJECTIVE
The study was designed to investigate if alteration of different orofacial afferent inputs would have different effects on oral fine motor control and to test the hypothesis that reduced afferent inputs will increase the variability of bite force values and jaw muscle activity, and repeated training with splitting of food morsel in conditions with reduced afferent inputs would decrease the variability and lead to optimization of bite force values and jaw muscle activity.
MATERIAL METHODS
Forty-five healthy volunteers participated in a single experimental session and were equally divided into incisal, mucosal, and block anesthesia groups. The participants performed six series (with ten trials) of a standardized hold and split task after the intervention with local anesthesia was made in the respective groups. The hold and split forces along with the corresponding jaw muscle activity were recorded and compared to a reference group.
RESULTS
The hold force and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscles during the hold phase were significantly higher in the incisal and block anesthesia group, as compared to the reference group (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant effect of groups on the split force (P = 0.975) but a significant decrease in the EMG activity of right masseter in mucosal anesthesia group as compared to the reference group (P = 0.006). The results also revealed that there was no significant effect of local anesthesia on the variability of the hold and split force (P < 0.677). However, there was a significant decrease in the variability of EMG activity of the jaw closing muscles in the block anesthesia group as compared to the reference group (P < 0.041), during the hold phase and a significant increase in the variability of EMG activity of right masseter in the mucosal anesthesia group (P = 0.021) along with a significant increase in the EMG activity of anterior temporalis muscle in the incisal anesthesia group, compared to the reference group (P = 0.018), during the split phase.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study indicated that altering different orofacial afferent inputs may have different effects on some aspects of oral fine motor control. Further, inhibition of afferent inputs from the orofacial or periodontal mechanoreceptors did not increase the variability of bite force values and jaw muscle activity; indicating that the relative precision of the oral fine motor task was not compromised inspite of the anesthesia. The results also suggest the propensity of optimization of bite force values and jaw muscle activity due to repeated splitting of the food morsels, inspite of alteration of sensory inputs.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Skill acquisition following a change in oral sensory environment is crucial for understanding how humans learn and re-learn oral motor behaviors and the kind of adaptation that takes place after successful oral rehabilitation procedures.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Bite Force; Electromyography; Facial Nerve; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Motor Skills
PubMed: 27568306
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1939-4 -
Pain Research & Management 2018Headache is a common problem in the population, which decreases the quality of life and makes everyday functioning difficult. It often coexists with typical symptoms of...
Headache is a common problem in the population, which decreases the quality of life and makes everyday functioning difficult. It often coexists with typical symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The objective of the study was to clarify whether there is a relationship between the presence of headache in young volunteers and the mastication muscle tone. . Volunteers aged 18 years who underwent general dental examination, clinical evaluation, and examination using the dual-axis diagnostic system Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) form in the Polish language version participated in the study. On the basis of the examination results, these individuals were divided into three groups according to RDC results. A group of healthy individuals (axis I value 0), a group of sick individuals (axis I diagnosis Ia, IIa, or IIIa), and a group of individuals suffering from depression (axis II values 1-3) were singled out. Then, volunteers were divided into two groups: group I reporting headache and group II without any pain. In each of these individuals, the contractile activity of the masseter muscles and anterior temporal muscles was recorded bilaterally as the surface electromyographic activity (sEMG) at rest, during swallowing, and maximum clenching. The activity index ranging between +100 (activity of the masseter muscles only) and -100 (activity of the anterior temporal muscles only) was used to indicate the predominance of activity of the study muscles. . The statistical analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of headache and a change in the mastication muscle tone, expressed as the predominant activity of the temporal muscles, only in the group of sick individuals during maximum clenching. . The diversity of sEMG results implies that a change in the mastication muscle tone is not a direct consequence of headache, but it has to be modified by other factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Electromyography; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Muscle Tonus
PubMed: 30344802
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7381973 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Dec 2016The craniofacial skeleton is often described in the clinical literature as being comprised of vertical bony pillars, which transmit forces from the toothrow to the...
The craniofacial skeleton is often described in the clinical literature as being comprised of vertical bony pillars, which transmit forces from the toothrow to the neurocranium as axial compressive stresses, reinforced transversely by buttresses. Here, we review the literature on bony microarchitecture, in vivo bone strain, and finite-element modeling of the facial skeleton of humans and nonhuman primates to address questions regarding the structural and functional existence of facial pillars and buttresses. Available bone material properties data do not support the existence of pillars and buttresses in humans or Sapajus apella. Deformation regimes in the zygomatic complex emphasize bending and shear, therefore conceptualizing the zygomatic complex of humans or nonhuman primates as a pillar obscures its patterns of stress, strain, and deformation. Human fossil relatives and chimpanzees exhibit strain regimes corroborating the existence of a canine-frontal pillar, but the notion of a zygomatic pillar has no support. The emerging consensus on patterns of strain and deformation in finite element models (FEMs) of the human facial skeleton corroborates hypotheses in the clinical literature regarding zygomatic complex function, and provide new insights into patterns of failure of titanium and resorbable plates in experimental studies. It is suggested that the "pillar and buttress" model of human craniofacial skeleton function be replaced with FEMs that more accurately and precisely represent in vivo function, and which can serve as the basis for future research into implants used in restoration of occlusal function and fracture repair. Anat Rec, 299:1753-1778, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bite Force; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Mastication; Maxilla; Primates; Skull; Stress, Mechanical; Zygoma
PubMed: 27870351
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23486 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2023This study aimed to investigate the effects of interferential current electrical stimulation (IFCS) on masticatory and swallowing function.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the effects of interferential current electrical stimulation (IFCS) on masticatory and swallowing function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty healthy young adults were enrolled. The measurement items were spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF), voluntary swallowing frequency (VSF), saliva secretion volume (SSV), glucose elution volume (GEV), and velocity of chew (VOC). All participants underwent both IFCS and sham stimulation (without stimulation, sham). Two sets of independent IFCS electrodes were placed on the bilateral neck. The precise location of the upper electrodes was just below the angle of the mandible, while the lower electrodes were placed at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The intensity of IFCS was determined to be one level below the perceptual threshold that all participants felt discomfort. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
For IFCS, the results of each measurement before and during stimulation were SSF: 1.16 and 1.46, VSF: 8.05 and 8.45, SSV: 5.33 and 5.56 g, GEV: 171.75 and 208.60 mg/dL, and VOC: 87.20 and 95.20, respectively. SSF, GEV, and VOC during stimulation were significantly increased by IFCS (SSF, p = .009; GEV, p = .048; and VOC, p = .007). Following sham stimulation, the results were SSF: 1.24 and 1.34, VSF: 7.75 and 7.90, SSV: 5.65 and 6.04 g, GEV: 176.45 and 187.35 mg/dL, and VOC: 91.35 and 88.25, respectively.
CONCLUSION
While no significant differences were observed in the sham group, our findings suggest that IFCS of the superior laryngeal nerve may impact not only the swallowing function but also the masticatory function.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Deglutition; Mastication; Volatile Organic Compounds; Electric Stimulation; Salivation
PubMed: 37158140
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.748 -
Nutrients Nov 2021Sensing subjective hedonic or emotional experiences during eating using physiological activity is practically and theoretically important. A recent psychophysiological... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Sensing subjective hedonic or emotional experiences during eating using physiological activity is practically and theoretically important. A recent psychophysiological study has reported that facial electromyography (EMG) measured from the corrugator supercilii muscles was negatively associated with hedonic ratings, including liking, wanting, and valence, during the consumption of solid foods. However, the study protocol prevented participants from natural mastication (crushing of food between the teeth) during physiological data acquisition, which could hide associations between hedonic experiences and masticatory muscle activity during natural eating. We investigated this issue by assessing participants' subjective ratings (liking, wanting, valence, and arousal) and recording physiological measures, including EMG of the corrugator supercilii, zygomatic major, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles while they consumed gel-type solid foods (water-based gellan gum jellies) of diverse flavors. Ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator supercilii EMG and positively correlated with masseter and suprahyoid EMG. These findings imply that subjective hedonic experiences during food consumption can be sensed using EMG signals from the brow and masticatory muscles.
Topics: Adult; Eating; Electromyography; Eyebrows; Facial Muscles; Female; Humans; Male; Mastication; Masticatory Muscles; Philosophy; Young Adult
PubMed: 34959773
DOI: 10.3390/nu13124216 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2019Evaluation of dynamic occlusal parameters can help dentists to understand the association of occlusion with the preferred chewing side (PCS) and enable optimal... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVES
Evaluation of dynamic occlusal parameters can help dentists to understand the association of occlusion with the preferred chewing side (PCS) and enable optimal restoration of masticatory efficiency. This study evaluated the association between PCS and dynamic occlusal parameters.
METHODS
One hundred participants (50 each, right and left PCS) were included in this study. PCS was determined by the visual spot-checking method, and occlusal analysis was conducted by T Scan. Occlusal parameters evaluated included initial contact, center of force, tooth contact area, occlusal interferences, and occlusal time. Data were assessed by chi-squared test and eta correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
Initial contact towards the PCS was observed in 68% and 70% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. Likewise, center of force towards the PCS was present in 72% and 66% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. A larger area of tooth contact was predominant towards the PCS in 70% and 72% of right and left unilateral chewers, respectively. Chi-squared analysis showed a strong positive correlation between PCS and occlusal parameters at maximum intercuspation. Eta correlation coefficients between PCS and occlusal interferences, as well as centric and eccentric occlusion, revealed negligible associations.
CONCLUSION
Dynamic occlusal parameters may be associated with PCS.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Male; Mastication; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30764682
DOI: 10.1177/0300060519827165 -
Journal of Neural Engineering Apr 2019The orofacial primary motor cortex (MIo) plays a critical role in controlling tongue and jaw movements during oral motor functions, such as chewing, swallowing and...
OBJECTIVE
The orofacial primary motor cortex (MIo) plays a critical role in controlling tongue and jaw movements during oral motor functions, such as chewing, swallowing and speech. However, the neural mechanisms of MIo during naturalistic feeding are still poorly understood. There is a strong need for a systematic study of motor cortical dynamics during feeding behavior.
APPROACH
To investigate the neural dynamics and variability of MIo neuronal activity during naturalistic feeding, we used chronically implanted micro-electrode arrays to simultaneously recorded ensembles of neuronal activity in the MIo of two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) while eating various types of food. We developed a Bayesian nonparametric latent variable model to reveal latent structures of neuronal population activity of the MIo and identify the complex mapping between MIo ensemble spike activity and high-dimensional kinematics.
MAIN RESULTS
Rhythmic neuronal firing patterns and oscillatory dynamics are evident in single-unit activity. At the population level, we uncovered the neural dynamics of rhythmic chewing, and quantified the neural variability at multiple timescales (complete feeding sequences, chewing sequence stages, chewing gape cycle phases) across food types. Our approach accommodates time-warping of chewing sequences and automatic model selection, and maps the latent states to chewing behaviors at fine timescales.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our work shows that neural representations of MIo ensembles display spatiotemporal patterns in chewing gape cycles at different chew sequence stages, and these patterns vary in a stage-dependent manner. Unsupervised learning and decoding analysis may reveal the link between complex MIo spatiotemporal patterns and chewing kinematics.
Topics: Animals; Deglutition; Electrodes, Implanted; Feeding Behavior; Female; Macaca mulatta; Mastication; Motor Cortex
PubMed: 30721881
DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0474 -
PloS One 2018Most of the tools and diagnosis models of Masticatory Efficiency (ME) are not well documented or severely limited to simple image processing approaches. This study...
Most of the tools and diagnosis models of Masticatory Efficiency (ME) are not well documented or severely limited to simple image processing approaches. This study presents a novel expert system for ME assessment based on automatic recognition of mixture patterns of masticated two-coloured chewing gums using a combination of computational intelligence and image processing techniques. The hypotheses tested were that the proposed system could accurately relate specimens to the number of chewing cycles, and that it could identify differences between the mixture patterns of edentulous individuals prior and after complete denture treatment. This study enrolled 80 fully-dentate adults (41 females and 39 males, 25 ± 5 years of age) as the reference population; and 40 edentulous adults (21 females and 19 males, 72 ± 8.9 years of age) for the testing group. The system was calibrated using the features extracted from 400 samples covering 0, 10, 15, and 20 chewing cycles. The calibrated system was used to automatically analyse and classify a set of 160 specimens retrieved from individuals in the testing group in two appointments. The ME was then computed as the predicted number of chewing strokes that a healthy reference individual would need to achieve a similar degree of mixture measured against the real number of cycles applied to the specimen. The trained classifier obtained a Mathews Correlation Coefficient score of 0.97. ME measurements showed almost perfect agreement considering pre- and post-treatment appointments separately (κ ≥ 0.95). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that a complete denture treatment for edentulous patients elicited a statistically significant increase in the ME measurements (Z = -2.31, p < 0.01). We conclude that the proposed expert system proved able and reliable to accurately identify patterns in mixture and provided useful ME measurements.
Topics: Adult; Expert Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Mastication; Mouth, Edentulous; Young Adult
PubMed: 29385165
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190386 -
Stomatologija 2005Masticatory muscle physiology has been evaluated mostly from electromyographic recordings. However, electromyography coupled with jaw-tracking devices has provided much...
Masticatory muscle physiology has been evaluated mostly from electromyographic recordings. However, electromyography coupled with jaw-tracking devices has provided much more information of the correlation between jaw movements and muscle activity. Knowledge of how the mandible moves during mastication has greatly influenced procedures in clinical dentistry. The aim of this overview is to give basic description of the classical studies of the physiology, function and neural control principles of the mastication. Mastication is the action of breaking down of food, preparatory to deglutition. This breaking-down action is highly organized complex of neuromuscular and digestive activities. The duration and forces developed in the power stroke vary within and between individuals and for the type of the food being chewed. It has been suggested that the observation of masticatory movements may be of diagnostic value for assessing disorders of the stomatognathic system, but there is not clear evidence to show significant differences. The action of masticatory muscles during chewing varies between subjects in amplitude, onset timing, and duration of the chewing cycle. Since tooth guidance has an enormous influence on muscle activity during chewing and swallowing, it is advisable to make restorations compatible with the functional movement patterns of the patient rather than expect the patterns of the mastication to adapt to the new made restorations.
Topics: Brain Stem; Electromyography; Feedback; Feedback, Physiological; Humans; Mandible; Mastication; Masticatory Muscles; Movement; Reflex, Stretch; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 16340271
DOI: No ID Found