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Journal of Women's Health (2002) Sep 2016About 80% of women experience premenstrual symptoms (PMSx), and about 50% of women seek medical care for them, posing a large medical care burden. However, despite...
BACKGROUND
About 80% of women experience premenstrual symptoms (PMSx), and about 50% of women seek medical care for them, posing a large medical care burden. However, despite women's use of anti-inflammatory agents for relief from these symptoms, and the fact that anti-inflammatory agents provide relief from some PMSx, the relationship of inflammation to PMSx has not been well investigated.
METHODS
We, therefore, undertook the present cross-sectional analyses using baseline data from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of midlife women (n = 2939), to determine if a biomarker of inflammation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), was associated with PMSx. We performed factor analyses with Varimax rotations to determine five groupings of eight symptoms to develop a parsimonious set of outcome variables. We conducted backward stepwise multiple logistic regression models for each grouping, eliminating non-significant (p > 0.05) covariates.
RESULTS
Having an hs-CRP level >3 mg/L was significantly positively associated with premenstrual mood symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.58), abdominal cramps/back pain (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.80), appetite cravings/weight gain/bloating (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.89), and breast pain (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.55). Elevated hs-CRP level was not associated with premenstrual headaches or reporting three or more PMSx.
CONCLUSIONS
The significant relationships of specific groups of PMSx with elevated hs-CRP levels have potential clinical implications for treatment and possibly for prevention by advising women about the factors associated with inflammation and the potential for treatment with anti-inflammatory agents.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Affect; Appetite; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Mastodynia; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Premenstrual Syndrome; United States; Women's Health
PubMed: 27135720
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5529 -
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E... Oct 2022Different drugs are used to treat mastalgia, such as danazol and bromocriptine, and both are associated with side effects, due to which most of women and healthcare... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Different drugs are used to treat mastalgia, such as danazol and bromocriptine, and both are associated with side effects, due to which most of women and healthcare providers are interested in herbal medicines. Therefore we aim to study the effectiveness of phytoestrogens on the severity of cyclic mastalgia.
METHODS
To carry out the present study, English electronic resources such as the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were used systematically and with no time limitation up to February 10, 2020.
RESULTS
In total, 20 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that herbal medicines versus the control group (standard mean difference [SMD] = - 0.585; 95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.728-- 0.44; heterogeneity; = 0.02; I2 = 42%), herbal medicines versus the B group (SMD = - 0.59; 95%CI: - 0.75-- 0.44; heterogeneity; = 0.03; I2 = 42%), and its subgroups, such as phytoestrogen (SMD = - 0.691; 95%CI: - 0.82-- 0.55; heterogeneity; = 0.669; I2 = 0%), Vitex-agnus-castus (SMD = - 0.642; 95%CI: - 0.84-- 0.44; < 0.001; = 203; I2 = 32%), flaxseed (SMD = - 0.63; 95%CI: - 0.901-- 0.367; = 0.871; I2 = 0%), and evening primrose (SMD= - 0.485; 95%CI:- 0.84-- 0.12; = 0.008; heterogeneity; = 0.06; I2 = 56%] may have effective and helpful effects on improving cyclic breast mastalgia. Also, chamomile, isoflavone, cinnamon, and nigella sativa significantly reduced mastalgia symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Herbal medicines and their subgroups may have effective and helpful effects on improving cyclic breast mastalgia. The findings of our meta-analysis must be done cautiously because low methodological quality in some evaluated studies of this systematic review.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mastodynia; Plants, Medicinal; Breast; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36446563
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755456 -
Cell Death & Disease Feb 2018Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in metastasis and resistance development, thus affecting anticancer therapy efficacy. The underlying pathways required for CSC...
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in metastasis and resistance development, thus affecting anticancer therapy efficacy. The underlying pathways required for CSC maintenance and survival are not fully understood and only a limited number of treatment strategies to specifically target CSCs have been identified. To identify novel CSC targeting compounds, we here set-up an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-based phenotypic screening system that allows for an automated and standardized identification of CSCs. By staining cancer cells for ALDH activity and applying high-content-based single-cell population analysis, the proportion of a potential CSC subpopulation with significantly higher ALDH activity (ALDH) can be quantified in a heterogeneous cell population. We confirmed high ALDH activity as surrogate marker for the CSC subpopulation in vitro and validated Wnt signaling as an essential factor for the maintenance of CSCs in SUM149 breast cancer cells. In a small molecule screen, we identified phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition as potential strategy to target CSC maintenance and survival in multiple cancer cell lines. CSC elimination by PDE5 inhibition was not dependent on PKG signaling, and we suggest a novel mechanism in which PDE5 inhibition leads to elevated cGMP levels that stimulate cAMP/PKA signaling to eliminate CSCs.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cell Line, Tumor; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; Humans; Mastodynia; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Signal Transduction; Small Molecule Libraries; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 29416006
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0202-5 -
International Journal of Pediatrics &... 2015Pubertal gynaecomastia affects up to 70% of male adolescents, with the highest prevalence occurring at 14 years of age. While spontaneous regression occurs in 90% of...
Pubertal gynaecomastia affects up to 70% of male adolescents, with the highest prevalence occurring at 14 years of age. While spontaneous regression occurs in 90% of cases within three years, until then, symptoms of mastodynia and psychological distress are prevalent in some patients prior to surgical treatment. Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), given at 20 mg daily for six months, was found to be a safe, well-tolerated and effective alternative treatment to current therapeutic options of watchful waiting (no management) and invasive cosmetic surgery. No adverse effects were observed in hormonal and auxological studies. The patient presented was able to avoid undergoing surgery, which should be reserved for persistent gynaecomastia present at the end of puberty after failing a trial of tamoxifen. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed for definitive therapeutic recommendations.
PubMed: 30805455
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2015.09.002 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Feb 2018Dysphoria gender treatment in adolescents is recent. Studies of adolescents treated with analogs are reduced. To ensure the quality of care and safety of the child,...
OBJECTIVE
Dysphoria gender treatment in adolescents is recent. Studies of adolescents treated with analogs are reduced. To ensure the quality of care and safety of the child, follow-up studies are necessary. The aim of the present research was to describe the characteristics of the process of medical and psychological attention in adolescents with the DG in the Gender Identity Treatment Unit of Asturias in the period 2007-2015.
METHODS
The sample included 20 minors attended in the Gender Identity Treatment Unit of Asturias in the period 2007-2015. The clinical history was made to collect the variables. It was made descriptive analysis.
RESULTS
10% of adolescents abandoned in the process of psychological counseling, 80% began to be valued by endocrinology and 10% continued exclusively in psychological consultations. Of the medical treated adolescents, 13.3% were treated with analogues and 86.7% received cross-hormonal treatment (THC) directly. The most prevalent secondary effects were dermatological problems (40%), followed by mastodynia without galactorrhea (26.7%) and hot flashes (20%). 20% performed gender confirmation surgeries.
CONCLUSIONS
The profile of the adolescent treated in the unit of Asturias is a subject that begins hormonal treatment after psychological accompaniment and endocrinological evaluation. The minor has adverse effects after treatment. Once the hormonal treatment has been established, they do not abandon the process.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gender Dysphoria; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Health Services for Transgender Persons; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Psychotherapy; Retrospective Studies; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Spain; Transgender Persons; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29493565
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Aug 2020Breast filler injections are less commonly used due to their associated complications, such as pain and foreign body reactions. Yet, these fillers are often administered...
INTRODUCTION
Breast filler injections are less commonly used due to their associated complications, such as pain and foreign body reactions. Yet, these fillers are often administered illegally, resulting in aesthetic or life-threatening complications. These are treated by removing the foreign material, and the breasts are reconstructed using silicone implants or autologous tissue/fat injection.
PATIENT CONCERNS
Case 1. A 45-year-old woman with polyacrylamide gel injections in both breasts visited our clinic for breast pain and tenderness. Grade I ptosis was observed in each breast, without skin necrosis and discoloration. Case 2. A 51-year-old woman, with unknown breast filler injections, visited our clinic for painful masses. Intraoperatively, massive amounts of foreign material had severely infiltrated the nearby tissues; thus, an immediate breast reconstruction could not be performed. Three months later, severe deformities including shrinkage and irregular breast skin surfaces were observed.
DIAGNOSIS
Case 1. Multiple cystic lesions, fluid collection in the retromammary spaces, and diffuse infiltration were observed on mammography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Case 2. Multiple cystic lesions, calcified areas, and diffuse infiltrations in the axillae and retromammary spaces were observed on mammography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography.
INTERVENTIONS
Case 1. The foreign material was removed and the breasts were reconstructed using silicone implants into subpectoral pocket with acellular dermal matrices (Alloderm, Lipocell Corporation). Case 2. A delayed reconstruction was undertaken using silicone implants covered by latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 3 months after the foreign material removal.
OUTCOMES
Case 1. The foreign material was removed and there were no complications such as foreign body reaction, capsular contracture. Ptosis was corrected and both breasts were symmetric with proper projection. Case 2. Residual foreign material was removed and there were no complications such capsular contracture, implant malposition.
CONCLUSION
Massive injections of foreign materials into the breast can cause severe infiltration and associated foreign body reactions. By a near-complete removal of the foreign materials and breast reconstruction using silicone implants, we achieved satisfactory results, without complications such as wound disruption, capsular contracture, and implant malposition.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Dermal Fillers; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Mammaplasty; Mastodynia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32871998
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021516 -
Ulusal Cerrahi Dergisi 2013Mastalgia is the most frequent symptom seen in patients who undergo breast imaging. There are various medical treatment methods in the literature. However, malignancy...
OBJECTIVE
Mastalgia is the most frequent symptom seen in patients who undergo breast imaging. There are various medical treatment methods in the literature. However, malignancy should be excluded before starting treatment. This is a prospective study, evaluating the necessity of imaging in patients who have applied for cyclic or non-cyclic breast pain, with normal physical examination, and without a family history.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two hundred women, younger than 30 years of age, who applied to Iğdır State Hospital general surgery department with complaint of cyclic or non-cyclic breast pain, were prospectively studied. Patients with nipple discharge, complaint of lump in their breast, who were pregnant or lactating, who had breast cancer history in their family and those who were found to have lumps on examination were excluded from the study. All patients underwent ultrasound imaging and the same radiologist evaluated them.
RESULTS
The breast examination was normal in all patients. Ultrasound imaging results were completely normal in 98 (48%) patients. 47 (23.5%) patients were found to have fibroadenoma, with a mean diameter of 9.6 mm (5 mm-14 mm). 45 (22.5%) patients had simple cysts with a mean diameter of 7.8 mm (3 mm-11 mm). 6 (3%) patients were found to have intraductal papillomas and 4 (2%) to have lipomas. All patients were classified as either BI-RADS 1 or BI-RADS 2.
CONCLUSION
It is recommended that malignancy should be eliminated before starting treatment in patients with breast pain. In this study, the necessity of imaging in patients younger than 30 years and who applied to the general surgery department for only breast pain, was investigated. None of the patients with a normal breast examination were found to have any lesions considered suspicious for malignancy. We believe that if breast examination is normal, the patient is equal to or younger than 30 years of age and there is no family history, imaging is not necessary and that medical therapy can be started directly after the patient is informed.
PubMed: 25931836
DOI: 10.5152/UCD.2013.04 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Feb 2019
Topics: Calciphylaxis; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mastodynia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30753809
DOI: 10.20344/amp.10495 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022A case-control study was performed to explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of Mirena combined with hysteroscopy when treating AUB.
OBJECTIVE
A case-control study was performed to explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of Mirena combined with hysteroscopy when treating AUB.
METHODS
108 patients with perimenopausal AUB treated in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled, and their clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. According to the mode of treatment, the patients were assigned into control group (54 cases) and study group (54 cases). The therapeutic effects were compared. Visual analog score (VAS) was adopted to evaluate the degree of incision pain, Barthel index score was adopted to evaluate the ability of daily living, quality of life scale was adopted to investigate the quality of life before and after treatment, and the changes of sex hormone levels, endometrial thickness, and menstruation were detected before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was calculated.
RESULTS
In terms of the therapeutic effects, 46 cases were cured, 6 cases were effective, and 2 cases were ineffective in the study group, and the effective rate was 96.30%; in the control group, 32 cases were cured, 10 cases were effective, and 12 cases were ineffective, and the effective rate was 77.78%; the effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group ( < 0.05). In terms of VAS score, the VAS score decreased after treatment, and the VAS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. With regard to the Barthel index scores after treatment, the Barthel index scores increased, and the Barthel index scores of the study group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment were higher compared to the control group ( < 0.05). In terms of the Barthel index scores after treatment, the Barthel index scores increased, and the Barthel index scores of the study group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment were higher compared to the control group ( < 0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the levels of FSH, LH, and E2 in both groups decreased remarkably (all < 0.05). In terms of the changes of endometrium and menstruation, the endometrial thickness, menstrual time, and menstrual volume were significantly improved after treatment ( < 0.05). After treatment, the endometrial thickness, menstrual time, and menstrual volume in the study group were better than those in the control group ( < 0.05). With regard to the scores of qualities of life, the scores of qualities of life decreased after treatment. Compared between the two groups, the scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function, and health self-cognition in the study group were lower compared to the control group. Regarding the incidence of adverse reactions, in the study group, there were 1 case of breast pain, 2 cases of vaginal bleeding, and no dizziness and nausea, and the incidence of adverse reaction was 5.56%; In the control group, there were 1 case of dizziness, 2 cases of breast pain, 4 cases of nausea, and 3 cases of vaginal bleeding, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 18.52%. The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower compared to the control group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Hysteroscopy combined with Mirena when treating perimenopausal AUB can remarkably enhance the related symptoms, regulate the level of sex hormones, and remarkably reduce the amount of menstrual bleeding. The curative effect is better than hysteroscopy combined with dydrogesterone tablets, which is worth popularizing in clinic.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hysteroscopy; Levonorgestrel; Mastodynia; Nausea; Pregnancy; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Hemorrhage
PubMed: 35726229
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4082266 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2016Mastalgia is a common and enigmatic condition; the cause and optimal treatment are still inadequately defined. Cervical radiculopathy, which is the result of cervical...
BACKGROUND
Mastalgia is a common and enigmatic condition; the cause and optimal treatment are still inadequately defined. Cervical radiculopathy, which is the result of cervical nerve root pathology often caused by spaceoccupying lesions such as cervical disc herniation, spondylosis, or osteophytosis, is frequently encountered in physical therapy.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of vertebral pathologies in patients with non-cyclic mastalgia and the efficacy of conservative treatment of these pathologies on relieving breast pain.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
One hundred patients were included in the study, all with breast pain continuing throughout the day and lasting at least three months. Breast and axillary physical examinations, mammographic and/or ultrasonographic evaluations were normal in all the patients. The patients' pain levels were scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Cervical and thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on all the participants.
RESULTS
Among 96 patients that had pathological findings on magnetic resonance imaging (96%), 49 women had diffuse annular bulging of the cervical spine, and 47 had cervical disc protrusion. Additionally, 12 patients had thoracic disc protrusion. At the end of the three-month period, the patients who were given only conservative treatment returned for follow-up evaluations. According to the VAS scores, five patients had mild to moderate improvement, 55 showed significant improvement, and 29 achieved complete remission.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors concluded that if none of the known causes of breast pain are found in a patient, the patient should be evaluated for vertebral pathologies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Mastodynia; Middle Aged; Spinal Diseases; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 28028952
DOI: 10.17219/acem/28820