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Korean Journal of Radiology Jan 2022Gastrointestinal (GI) emergencies in neonates and infants encompass from the beginning to the end of the GI tract. Both congenital and acquired conditions can cause... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal (GI) emergencies in neonates and infants encompass from the beginning to the end of the GI tract. Both congenital and acquired conditions can cause various GI emergencies in neonates and infants. Given the overlapping or nonspecific clinical findings of many different neonatal and infantile GI emergencies and the unique characteristics of this age group, appropriate imaging is key to accurate and timely diagnosis while avoiding unnecessary radiation hazard and medical costs. In this paper, we discuss the radiological findings of essential neonatal and infantile GI emergencies, including esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia, malrotation, midgut volvulus for upper GI emergencies, and jejunoileal atresia, meconium ileus, meconium plug syndrome, meconium peritonitis, Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformation, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intussusception for lower GI emergencies.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Duodenal Obstruction; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Atresia; Intussusception
PubMed: 34983099
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2021.0111 -
BMJ Case Reports 2009A testicular tumour-like lesion or a solid extratesticular mass are serious postnatal problems with a broad spectrum of inflammatory or tumorous causes and possible...
A testicular tumour-like lesion or a solid extratesticular mass are serious postnatal problems with a broad spectrum of inflammatory or tumorous causes and possible differential diagnoses. In this case report, an extraordinary case of a newborn boy with a rare cause of a periorchitis is described.A premature boy infant (25-year-old mother with obesity) was diagnosed as having a disturbance of prosperity. A plain film of the abdomen showed a dilated intestine (no pathological findings in abdominal ultrasound, in particular, no ascites). After 3 postnatal months of clinical observation at the hospital including temporary parenteral nutrition, hydrocele at both sides was diagnosed. Therefore, the boy underwent surgical exploration. Intraoperatively, the processus vaginalis peritonei was surprisingly filled with meconium; because of that, the situs was extensively rinsed. In addition, the boy underwent an operation for the right and left hydrocele. The testes were preserved (on follow-up investigation there were no further problems).Pathohistological investigation confirmed meconium periorchitis, which is a rare postnatal disease and which can only develop in cases of former meconium peritonitis and if the processus vaginalis peritonei is open. The precise details of cause and pathophysiology in this case may significantly help in avoiding unnecessary orchiectomy.
PubMed: 21886656
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2009.1801 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Nov 2017Meconium ileus (MI) is often the first manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) and occurs in approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with CF. This article reviews the... (Review)
Review
Meconium ileus (MI) is often the first manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) and occurs in approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with CF. This article reviews the pathophysiology of MI and its clinical presentation. It focuses on the medical and surgical management emphasizing the importance of nutrition and a multidisciplinary approach to improve both short-term and long-term outcomes for CF patients with MI.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium Ileus; Patient Care Management
PubMed: 28986020
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.007 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of fetal meconium peritonitis (FMP).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of fetal meconium peritonitis (FMP).
METHODS
Nine patients diagnosed with FMP by routine prenatal examination between January 2015 and December 2020 were identified. Both prenatal ultrasonographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes associated with these patients were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean gestational age at the time of FMP diagnosis was 31.3 ± 4.8 weeks, and the mean gestational age of delivery was 35.1 ± 5.1 weeks. Prenatal ultrasonographic findings at the time of diagnosis in these patients included intestinal dilatation (9/9, 100%), intraperitoneal calcification (8/9, 88.9%), fetal ascites (5/9, 55.6%), intraperitoneal pseudocyst (5/9, 55.6%), and polyhydramnios (6/9, 66.7%). Analyses of the etiological basis for meconium peritonitis in 5 of the 8 live births that underwent surgical treatment revealed 4 cases of congenital volvulus and 1 case of jejunal atresia.
CONCLUSION
The prenatal ultrasound manifestations of fetal meconium peritonitis are diverse, and the different grades of prenatal ultrasound manifestations can provide important information for the treatment of perinatal infants.
Topics: Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 35669660
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8658999 -
Annals of Surgery Apr 1951
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis
PubMed: 14819993
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-195104000-00015 -
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science Feb 2022We reviewed the outcomes of meconium peritonitis and evaluated the safety and feasibility of primary radical surgery for meconium peritonitis. A total of 21 cases of...
We reviewed the outcomes of meconium peritonitis and evaluated the safety and feasibility of primary radical surgery for meconium peritonitis. A total of 21 cases of meconium peritonitis between 2006 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified into two groups based on the type of surgery: group I (primary radical surgery, n = 16) and group II (multistage surgery; drainage only or ileostomy, followed by elective surgery, n = 5). Patient backgrounds and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. The term of prenatal diagnosis, preoperative white blood cell count, and preoperative catecholamine use were not significantly different between the two groups. Group I included more mature neonates than group II (gestational age at birth, 35w1d vs 30w1d, p = 0.02; birth weight, 2.5 kg vs 1.1 kg, p < 0.01). Preoperative C-reactive protein was significantly lower in group I (0.37 mg/dL vs 2.8 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Operation time, blood loss, time to enteral feeding, and complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups. The surgical outcomes of primary radical surgery were comparable to those of multistage surgery, although the patients' backgrounds were different. Our strategy of selecting one-stage or multiple-stage surgery for treatment of meconium peritonitis, depending on the patient's general condition and degree of intestinal ischemia, was reasonable.
Topics: Feasibility Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35392019
DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.1.148 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2022Meconium peritonitis (MP) presenting as hydrops is a rare entity. A 34-week hydropic infant was born to mother diagnosed with a case of nonimmune hydrops. Postnatally,...
Meconium peritonitis (MP) presenting as hydrops is a rare entity. A 34-week hydropic infant was born to mother diagnosed with a case of nonimmune hydrops. Postnatally, the neonate was diagnosed as a case of MP based on clinical examination and investigations. The neonate underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed diffuse MP with ileal perforation. She underwent resection of ileal perforation with ileocolic anastomosis. The index case highlights the importance of thorough clinical examination and abdominal X-ray in the diagnosis of MP.
PubMed: 35733583
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_51_21 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Sep 2022• Meconium peritonitis is an inflammatory peritonitis due to the discharge of meconium into the peritoneal cavity secondary to perforation of the fetal intestine. •...
• Meconium peritonitis is an inflammatory peritonitis due to the discharge of meconium into the peritoneal cavity secondary to perforation of the fetal intestine. • It is accessible to antenatal diagnosis by obstetrical ultrasound. The clinical picture is not very specific. Simple abdominal radiography can help in the diagnosis. • It is a serious pathology whose prognosis depends on early management. • The unfavorable prognosis stems from complications as the rupture of huge abdominal cystic formations, formation of ascites that can cause fetal heart failure, and progression to rapidly evolving sepsis.
PubMed: 35987026
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107476 -
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research May 2015The aims of this study were to review our therapy and outcome for meconium peritonitis (MP) patients, and to clarify predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality....
The aims of this study were to review our therapy and outcome for meconium peritonitis (MP) patients, and to clarify predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively reviewed a total 15 patients with MP who received surgical intervention at our institute from December 1990 to November 2012. Diagnosis of MP was confirmed by operative findings. We analyzed the relationship between outcome and patients' factors including patients' characteristics, prenatal diagnosis, type of MP, general condition, and surgical procedure. There was no relationship between outcome and the following factors: gender, gestational age, body weight at birth, delivery type, Apgar score, prenatal diagnosis, types and causes of MP, and surgical procedure. However, the preoperative presence of circulation deficiency and serum CRP values were statistically significant predictors of outcome in our MP patients. Prenatal diagnosis is essential for the first step of perinatal therapy for MP. Surgical strategy should be selected according to the information of prenatal diagnosis. Early surgical procedures to reduce systemic and abdominal inflammation just after birth may improve the outcome of severe MP cases.
PubMed: 25984428
DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01011 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2018Meconium peritonitis is an infrequent congenital disease usually caused by perforation of the fetal digestive tract. Meconium peritonitis resulting from intrauterine... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Meconium peritonitis is an infrequent congenital disease usually caused by perforation of the fetal digestive tract. Meconium peritonitis resulting from intrauterine appendiceal perforation has been rarely reported and is often overlooked during pregnancy. We herein report two cases of fetal appendiceal perforation.
CASE PRESENTATION
Two neonates were found to have intestinal distension and gradually increasing ascites antenatally. After birth, diagnostic abdominal punctures revealed meconium peritonitis. Urgent surgery showed both neonates had developed gangrenous appendicitis in utero. Pathological examination supported the diagnosis of fetal appendiceal perforation in both neonates, and one also had deformity of cecal duplication. In the present report, we also review the presentation, diagnosis, pathology, management, and recent literature of fetal appendiceal perforation.
CONCLUSION
Meconium peritonitis due to fetal appendiceal perforation is extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis is almost impossible. However, clinicians should be aware of abnormal gastrointestinal manifestations in the fetus during the antenatal examination. For neonates with severe meconium peritonitis, an early operation with careful intraoperative exploration is necessary.
Topics: Appendicitis; Cecum; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meconium; Peritonitis
PubMed: 29751786
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1133-8