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Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Feb 2022This overview of the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors (including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine tumors... (Review)
Review
This overview of the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors (including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine tumors [NETs]), mediastinal germ cell tumors, and mesenchymal neoplasms aims to (1) list established and new tumor entities and subtypes and (2) focus on diagnostic, molecular, and conceptual advances since publication of the fourth edition in 2015. Diagnostic advances are best exemplified by the immunohistochemical characterization of adenocarcinomas and the recognition of genetic translocations in metaplastic thymomas, rare B2 and B3 thymomas, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas. Advancements at the molecular and tumor biological levels of utmost oncological relevance are the findings that thymomas and most thymic carcinomas lack currently targetable mutations, have an extraordinarily low tumor mutational burden, but typically have a programmed death-ligand 1 phenotype. Finally, data underpinning a conceptual advance are illustrated for the future classification of thymic NETs that may fit into the classification scheme of extrathoracic NETs. Endowed with updated clinical information and state-of-the-art positron emission tomography and computed tomography images, the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, and mesenchymal neoplasms with its wealth of new diagnostic and molecular insights will be a valuable source for pathologists, radiologists, surgeons, and oncologists alike. Therapeutic perspectives and research challenges will be addressed as well.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Germ Cells; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Thymus Neoplasms; World Health Organization
PubMed: 34695605
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.010 -
Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Sep 2014Anterior mediastinal masses are relatively uncommon, include a wide variety of entities, and often pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. In this article, available... (Review)
Review
Anterior mediastinal masses are relatively uncommon, include a wide variety of entities, and often pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. In this article, available data is assembled in a clinically oriented manner to develop a structured approach to evaluation of these patients. Attention to age and gender, combined with identification of certain radiographic and clinical characteristics, allows a presumptive diagnosis to be established in most patients. This structure efficiently guides what additional workup is needed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Radiography
PubMed: 25396306
DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000294 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Aug 2023endobronchial ultrasound has gained widespread popularity in the last decade, becoming the primary technique for minimally invasive evaluation of the mediastinum and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
endobronchial ultrasound has gained widespread popularity in the last decade, becoming the primary technique for minimally invasive evaluation of the mediastinum and staging of lung cancer. Several tertiary and quaternary care institutes use this method, performed by trained and accredited specialists. Its main indications are (I) diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, (II) mediastinal lymphadenopathy diagnosis (III) sampling peripheral pulmonary lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
this manuscript aims to describe the operational potential of both convex endobronchial ultrasound probe and radial endobronchial ultrasound probe technology, focusing on lung cancer. This narrative review is complemented with by the description of peculiar clinical cases in which endobronchial ultrasound played a pivotal role in reaching the diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Endosonography; Neoplasm Staging; Lymph Nodes
PubMed: 37539612
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i4.14090 -
Medical Ultrasonography Feb 2022Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, realtime imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, realtime imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation and bedside availability. The lack of superficial adipose tissue and favourable acoustic windows in children makes US the first line of investigation for evaluation of pleural and chest wall abnormalities.In the first part of the topic the technical requirements were explained and the use of ultrasound in the lung and pleura in paediatric patients were discussed. In the second part lung parenchymal diseases with their subpleural consolidations are reflected. In the third part, the use of ultrasound for chest wall, mediastinum, diaphragmatic diseases, trachea, interventions and artifacts in paediatric patients are summarized.
Topics: Artifacts; Child; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Mediastinum; Thoracic Wall; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34216456
DOI: 10.11152/mu-3323 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jun 2018
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mediastinum
PubMed: 29455955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.039 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Dec 2020
Topics: Dyspnea; Ecchymosis; Humans; Mediastinum; Neck
PubMed: 32063497
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.01.011 -
Ginekologia Polska 2020Fetal cardiac assessment is an integral part of the obstetric ultrasound. The inclusion of the outflow tracts and the three-vessel and tracheal view into the ultrasound... (Review)
Review
Fetal cardiac assessment is an integral part of the obstetric ultrasound. The inclusion of the outflow tracts and the three-vessel and tracheal view into the ultrasound screening enhances the detection rate for cardiovascular anomalies. Both, international and Polish guidelines recommend routine evaluation of the upper mediastinum. The aim of the study was to present the principles for assessing the structures of the upper mediastinum in normal conditions and to draw attention to the pathologies which may be visible in this plane.
Topics: Female; Fetal Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Mediastinum; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 33184831
DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2020.0092 -
Medicina 2023Myelolipoma is a benign non-functional tumor. Most of them are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, either through imaging studies or at autopsy. While it most...
Myelolipoma is a benign non-functional tumor. Most of them are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, either through imaging studies or at autopsy. While it most commonly occurs in the adrenal gland, it has also been reported at extra-adrenal sites. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with a primary mediastinal myelolipoma. Computer tomographic scan of the thorax showed an ovoid tumor with well-defined borders of 6.5 × 4.2 cm, located in the posterior mediastinum. A transthoracic biopsy of the lesion was made, and the microscopic observation revealed hematopoietic cells and mature adipose tissue. Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are effective in diagnosing mediastinal myelolipoma, histopathological examination is essential for the definitive diagnosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Mediastinum; Myelolipoma; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Radionuclide Imaging; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 37379542
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Visceral Surgery Apr 2013
Topics: Humans; Laparotomy; Mediastinitis; Mediastinum; Omentum; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Flaps; Wound Closure Techniques
PubMed: 23582216
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.03.009 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Mediastinum; Thorax
PubMed: 35703621
DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20220158