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British Medical Journal May 1973
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Tuberculosis, Meningeal
PubMed: 4739912
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5863.411 -
Journal of Neurotrauma Jun 2022The consequences of forceful rotational acceleration on the central nervous system are not fully understood. While traumatic brain injury (TBI) research primarily has...
Meningeal and Visual Pathway Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis after Single and Repetitive Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA)-Induced Disruption in Male and Female Mice.
The consequences of forceful rotational acceleration on the central nervous system are not fully understood. While traumatic brain injury (TBI) research primarily has focused on effects related to the brain parenchyma, reports of traumatic meningeal enhancement in TBI patients may possess clinical significance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the meninges and brain for changes in dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA)-induced cerebral insult. Adult male and female mice received one (1 × ; = 19 CHIMERA, = 19 Sham) or four (4 × one/day; = 18 CHIMERA, = 12 Sham) injuries. Each animal underwent three MRI scans: 1 week before injury, immediately after the final injury, and 1 week post-injury. Compared with baseline readings and measures in sham animals, meningeal DCE in males was increased after single impact and repetitive injury. In female mice, DCE was elevated relative to their baseline level after a single impact. One week after CHIMERA, the meningeal enhancement returned to below baseline for single injured male mice, but compared with uninjured mice remained elevated in both sexes in the multiple impact groups. Pre-DCE meningeal T2-weighted relaxation time was increased only after 1 × CHIMERA in injured mice. Since vision is impaired after CHIMERA, visual pathway regions were analyzed through imaging and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) histology. Initial DCE in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC) and T2 increases in the optic tract (OPT) and LGN were observed after injury with decreases in DCE and T2 1 week later. Astrogliosis was apparent in the OPT and SC with increased GFAP staining 7 days post-injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine meningeal integrity after CHIMERA in both male and female rodents. DCE-MRI may serve as a useful approach for pre-clinical models of meningeal injury that will enable further evaluation of the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Acceleration; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Disease Models, Animal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meninges; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 35243900
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0494 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 1984Recently, ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b and multiply-resistant Salmonella strains have appeared in some areas of the...
Recently, ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b and multiply-resistant Salmonella strains have appeared in some areas of the world. Therefore, alternative drug therapy for infections caused by these organisms is being sought. We used cefuroxime to successfully treat five children with H. influenzae type b meningitis and two children with Salmonella meningitis. Four H. influenzae type b isolates and one Salmonella isolate were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Each of the patients received 200 to 250 mg of cefuroxime per kg per day in four divided doses for 14 to 21 days. The concentrations of cefuroxime in cerebrospinal fluid at 2 h after intravenous 50-mg/kg doses were 6.4 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 3.6 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml on days 2 and 14 of treatment, respectively. The level of drug in cerebrospinal fluid was 1.34 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml in children without meningitis. The mean cefuroxime concentration in subdural fluid samples from each of three patients was 12.6, 15, and 25.2 micrograms/ml. Cefuroxime is recommended as an alternative drug for the treatment of H. influenzae type b meningitis, but additional information is necessary before cefuroxime can be recommended for therapy of Salmonella meningitis.
Topics: Body Fluids; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella Infections; Subdural Space
PubMed: 6608921
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.25.2.273 -
British Journal of Haematology Oct 2004
Topics: Adult; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Male; Meninges; Staining and Labeling; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15461616
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05136.x -
Journal of Anatomy Oct 2019The vascular networks running into the meningeal layers, between the brain and braincase, leave imprints on the endocranial surface. These traces are visible in...
The vascular networks running into the meningeal layers, between the brain and braincase, leave imprints on the endocranial surface. These traces are visible in osteological specimens and skeletal collections, providing indirect evidence of vascular patterns in those cases in which bone remains are the only source of anatomical information, such as in forensic science, bioarchaeology and paleontology. The main vascular elements are associated with the middle meningeal artery, the venous sinuses of the dura mater, and the emissary veins. Most of these vascular systems have been hypothesized to be involved in endocranial thermal regulation. Although these traits deal with macroanatomical features, much information on their variation is still lacking. In this survey, we analyze a set of craniovascular imprints in two European dry skull samples with different neurocranial proportions: a brachycephalic Czech sample (n = 103) and a mesocephalic Italian sample (n = 152). We analyzed variation and distribution, correlation with cranial metrics, and sex differences in the dominance of the branches of the middle meningeal artery, the patterns of confluence of the sinuses, and the size of the emissary foramina. The descriptive statistics provide a reference to compare specimens and samples from different case studies. When compared with the Italian skulls, the Czech skulls display a greater dominance of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and more asymmetric right-dominance of the confluence of the venous sinuses. There is no sex difference in the middle meningeal vessels, but males show a greater prevalence of the occipito-marginal draining system. Differences in the middle meningeal vessels or venous sinuses are apparently not influenced by cranial dimensions or proportions. The mastoid foramina are larger in larger and more brachycephalic skulls, which increases the emissary potential flow in the Czech sample and males, when compared with the Italian samples and females, respectively. The number of mastoid foramina increases in wider skulls. This anatomic information is necessary to develop further morphological and functional inferences on the relationships between neurocranial bones and vessels at the genetic, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic levels.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Meninges; Middle Aged; Skull
PubMed: 31236921
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13019 -
BMC Neurology Jul 2022Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPRM) is a rare form of meningioma characterized by prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates into the tumor. Report of flat growth of...
BACKGROUND
Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPRM) is a rare form of meningioma characterized by prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates into the tumor. Report of flat growth of LPRM mimicking pachymeningitis is rare in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 55-year-old female who suffered from episodes of headache and seizures has been diagnosed with pachymeningitis for 4 years because post contrast brain MRI demonstrated enhanced carpet-like dura lesion in the left frontal lobe. The lesion kept unchanged on yearly follow-ups until a recent brain MRI found the lesion grew significantly into a mass. The lesion was resected and pathology suggested LPRM.
CONCLUSION
LPRM may present as carpet-like growth pattern on MRI. Long-term follow-up in patients with pachymeningitis is necessary.
Topics: Dura Mater; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 35906535
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02794-z -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jul 2021The bacterium Campylobacter insulaenigrae was first isolated from marine mammals of Scotland in 2004. Only one case of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans has been...
BACKGROUND
The bacterium Campylobacter insulaenigrae was first isolated from marine mammals of Scotland in 2004. Only one case of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans has been previously reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 89-year-old Japanese man without dementia was admitted to our hospital, because he presented with a fever of 38 °C and weakness in right leg since 5 days. He had organized chronic subdural hematoma (CSH), and no history of pre-infection. At the time of admission, he had paralysis of the extraocular muscle, ataxia, and low manual muscle test score of the right side. He was suspected to have Miller Fisher syndrome; however, these symptoms improved without any treatment. On day 22 in the hospital, the patient presented a fever of 38.8 °C, left cranial nerve disorder, and hemiplegia. On day 25, the patient presented with signs of meningeal irritation; cerebrospinal fluid examination indicated an increase in the number of apocytes and a low glucose level. A contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the patient's head indicated a contrast enhancement effect in his right meninges. The blood culture showed presence of spirillums; 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that the spirillums in the blood culture were Campylobacter insulaenigrae (C. insulaenigrae). We started treatment with meropenem for bacteremia and meningitis. When the symptoms improved, meropenem was replaced with ampicillin, based on the result of the drug sensitivity test. The treatment continued for 4 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
We report the first case of meningitis caused by C. insulaenigrae bacteremia in humans, and the second clinical report of C. insulaenigrae infection in humans. The bacterial strains isolated from humans and marine mammals had different genotypes. This suggests that different genotypes could be responsible for differences in the hosts. Further case studies are needed to establish the reasons behind the difference in the manifestations of C. insulaenigrae infections reported so far.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Ampicillin; Bacteremia; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Humans; Japan; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meningitis; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 34210285
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06353-8 -
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... Aug 2021The distribution and clearance of erythrocytes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the distribution of erythrocytes after...
The distribution and clearance of erythrocytes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the distribution of erythrocytes after SAH and the cells involved in their clearance. To visualize erythrocyte distribution, we injected fluorescently-labelled erythrocytes into the prechiasmatic cistern of mice. 10 minutes after injection, we found labelled erythrocytes in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system, and also in the perivascular spaces surrounding large penetrating arterioles. 2 and 5 days after SAH, fluorescence was confined within leptomeningeal and perivascular cells. We identified the perivascular cells as perivascular macrophages based on their morphology, location, Iba-1 immunoreactivity and preferential uptake of FITC-dextran. We subsequently depleted meningeal and perivascular macrophages 2 days before or 3 hours after SAH with clodronate liposomes. At day 5 after SAH, we found increased blood deposition in mice treated prior to SAH, but not those treated after. Treatment post-SAH improved neurological scoring, reduced neuronal cell death and perivascular inflammation, whereas pre-treatment only reduced perivascular inflammation. Our data indicate that after SAH, erythrocytes are distributed throughout the subarachnoid space extending into the perivascular spaces of parenchymal arterioles. Furthermore, meningeal and perivascular macrophages are involved in erythrocyte uptake and play an important role in outcome after SAH.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Erythrocytes; Gliosis; Glymphatic System; Macrophages; Male; Meninges; Mice; Neurons; Optical Imaging; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Subarachnoid Space
PubMed: 33444089
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20980296 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2022A woman in her 50s developed meningitis following an endoscopic, endonasal resection of a clival meningioma which was complicated by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak...
A woman in her 50s developed meningitis following an endoscopic, endonasal resection of a clival meningioma which was complicated by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak through the nose. CSF analysis showed a raised white cell count, and was isolated. This organism is an oral commensal and is implicated in periodontal disease; the CSF leak explains the portal of entry. is rarely isolated, and this is the first report of a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by this organism. A worsening of our patient's dermatological condition, urticaria pigmentosa, coincided with empiric treatment with vancomycin and meropenem, which were therefore discontinued. Treatment was continued with chloramphenicol for 3 weeks, and the patient made a full recovery. Systemic chloramphenicol is uncommonly used in contemporary UK practice, but remains an excellent antibiotic for CNS penetration and it has excellent bioavailability. We anticipate increased chloramphenicol use as the number of multiresistant Gram-negative infection increases.
Topics: Capnocytophaga; Central Nervous System Infections; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningitis
PubMed: 35613833
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-249821 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Nov 1989A 69 year old female presented with eight discrete episodes of paraparesis over a period of six weeks. Each episode lasted between 10 and 30 minutes and resolved...
A 69 year old female presented with eight discrete episodes of paraparesis over a period of six weeks. Each episode lasted between 10 and 30 minutes and resolved spontaneously. The cause of her symptoms was not established during life and at necropsy she was found to have granulomatous meningitis of the cerebral convexites. The clinical and pathological aspects of this rare condition are discussed.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Giant Cells; Granuloma, Giant Cell; Heart Failure; Humans; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Meninges; Meningitis
PubMed: 2592971
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.52.11.1286