-
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2010Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a unique mesenchymal tumor that we first described in 2007. The tumor is very rare, and to date, only 18... (Review)
Review
Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a unique mesenchymal tumor that we first described in 2007. The tumor is very rare, and to date, only 18 cases confirmed by immunohistochemistry have been reported in the literature. The patients' ages ranged from 7 to 75 years (mean, 43 years), and the male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:1. Representative clinical symptoms are ulceration, associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding (hematemesis), and anemia. The tumors are located at the antrum in all cases, and grossly, the tumor is whitish to brownish or reddish, and forms a lobulated submucosal or transmural mass. Microscopically, the tumor is characterized by a plexiform growth pattern, the proliferation of cytologically bland spindle cells, and a myxoid stroma that is rich in small vessels and positive for Alcian blue stain. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells are positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative for KIT and CD34. Differential diagnoses include gastrointestinal stromal tumor and other mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors proposed that this tumor should be designated as "plexiform fibromyxoma", but this designation might cause confusion. The tumor is probably benign and thus far, neither recurrence nor metastasis has been reported.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; DNA Mutational Analysis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroma; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 20556828
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i23.2835 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2022Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is a very rare, benign sinonasal tract tumor commonly affecting infants. In this paper, in addition to presenting a systematic... (Review)
Review
Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is a very rare, benign sinonasal tract tumor commonly affecting infants. In this paper, in addition to presenting a systematic review of the literature on NCMH, we also report an unusual case of NCMH in an adolescent patient. A systematic review conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE and manual search through references of relevant publication were utilised to gather all published case-reports of NCMH. Data collected from each case-report for patient demographics, site and size of NCMH, clinical presentation, co-morbidities, diagnostic methods, treatment options and follow-up methods. The systemic review collected sixty-two case-reports of NCMH (including our case) affecting 42 men and 21 women (2:1 male to female ratio). Mean average age was 5.1 years (age range: 1 day to 70 years). The anatomical sites of the tumor were: nasal cavity (n = 17), paranasal sinuses (n = 30), orbital region (n = 17), and the base of the skull (n = 16). The reported clinical manifestations were nasal obstruction or congestion (n = 29), nasal mass (n = 27), epistaxis (n = 6), orbital symptoms (n = 14). NCMH is a very rare cause of nasal masses in infants and toddlers. Our case and previous case reports confirm that NCMH can mimic other benign and malignant tumors, therefore we should be vigilant for rare pathologies that lead to nasal masses. Recently the link between DIECR1 mutation with NCMH has been established, so NCMH should be considered in any patient with nasal or orbital symptoms with a history of DICER1-related tumor spectrum.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Infant; Neoplasms; Ribonuclease III; DEAD-box RNA Helicases
PubMed: 35507301
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01452-7 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 1963
Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Fibrosarcoma; Glucagon; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Mesenchymoma; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 14081153
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.39.457.634 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2002The so-called pulmonary hamartomas occur in 0.3% of the general population, with a higher frequency in male gender and in the sixth decade of life. Usually they are...
The so-called pulmonary hamartomas occur in 0.3% of the general population, with a higher frequency in male gender and in the sixth decade of life. Usually they are single lesions peripherally located in the lung, are formed by mature lobular cartilage and less frequently show adipous and fibromixoid tissue, also with calcified foci. These tumors should be called benign mesenchymomas, due to studies that showed cromossomic alterations and genetic translocations, whose malignant potential has not been recognized.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Hamartoma; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis
PubMed: 12379992
DOI: No ID Found -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022The aim of this study was to explore the application of computed tomography (CT) images in the diagnosis of gastric tumor under the intelligent reconstruction algorithm...
The aim of this study was to explore the application of computed tomography (CT) images in the diagnosis of gastric tumor under the intelligent reconstruction algorithm (IRA). 120 patients with gastric cancer were selected and all the patients underwent CT scanning, and CT images were analyzed based on the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress algorithm (FDK algorithm) to evaluate the imaging features of gastric lesions. According to biopsy or surgical pathology, the detection rate of CT images was calculated. The results showed that there were three pathological types of benign tumors (polyps, leiomyomas, and mesenchymomas) and three pathological types of malignant tumors (mesenchymomas, adenomas, and lymphomas). In addition, the detection rates of CT scans were different, reaching 94.2% on different orientations of the stomach, 90.7% of benign tumors, and 90.9% of malignant tumors, so the detection rate of different orientations was relatively high. CT images based on the FDK IRA could realize a high detection rate in diagnosis, accurately locate the lesion, and display the characteristics of the lesion and the metastasis of surrounding tissues; there were significant differences between benign and malignant gastric tumors in CT images, and the detection effect was obvious, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Mesenchymoma; Phantoms, Imaging; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35799664
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8179766 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Feb 2019Information on the heterogeneity of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, a rare entity associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia, is limited. In this retrospective analysis... (Review)
Review
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with an admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements in the jaws: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 22 cases with literature review.
Information on the heterogeneity of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, a rare entity associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia, is limited. In this retrospective analysis of 222 phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors, 22 cases exhibited mixed mesenchymal and epithelial elements, which we propose to term "phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed epithelial, and connective tissue type." Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of the mixed epithelial and connective tissue type showed a distinctive and significant male predominance (male:female = 2.67:1), with most patients diagnosed at <40 years old. Moreover, all tumors were mainly located in the alveolar bone with focal invasion into surrounding soft tissue and oral mucosa, which could be detected preoperatively by oral examination. The mesenchymal component, composed of spindled cells resembling fibroblasts or myofibroblasts arranged in a storiform or fascicular pattern, exhibited a less prominent vasculature and lower cellularity than the typical phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (mixed connective tissue type). The epithelial component was typically haphazardly and diffusely distributed throughout the tumor, forming small, irregular nests resembling odontogenic epithelial nests. All cases were immunoreactive for fibroblast growth factor-23, somatostatin receptor 2A, and NSE in both components. Mostly also demonstrated positive staining for CD99 (21/22, 96%), CD56 (16/22, 73%), Bcl-2 (21/22, 96%), and D2-40 (19/22, 86%) in one or both components. S100 was positive in both components in one of seven cases. Interestingly, immunoreactivity was typically stronger and more diffuse in the epithelial than in the paired mesenchymal components. The mesenchymal component was also diffusely positive for CD68 (17/17, 100%) and showed variable focal staining for SMA (15/22, 68%) and CD34 (9/19, 47 %). These results indicate that phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of the mixed epithelial and connective tissue type has distinctive clinicopathological characteristics and a polyimmunophenotypic profile.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Connective Tissue; Osteomalacia; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30206408
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0100-0 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Aug 2021A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is classified into four histological subtypes: mixed connective tissue, osteoblast-like, non-ossifying fibroma-like, and ossifying... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is classified into four histological subtypes: mixed connective tissue, osteoblast-like, non-ossifying fibroma-like, and ossifying fibroma-like. The ossifying fibroma-like subtype being extremely rare. Most PMTs are benign, with a minimal number becoming malignant after recurrence. In this study, we report a case of recurrence and malignant transformation of PMT-ossifying fibroma-like subtype in the left hip bone.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here, we report the clinical manifestations, histology, pathological features, and treatment of a 57-year-old Chinese woman with a recurrent and malignant ossifying fibroma-like subtype PMT of the left iliac bone. The tumor was first discovered 3 years ago when the patient underwent surgery to remove the tumor. Precisely 2 years and 6 months after the operation, the pain in the left hip reappeared. After 6 months, the patient went to our hospital for treatment. After the tumor resection, the postoperative symptoms improved significantly, and the serum alkaline phosphatase level returned to normal. Based on clinical manifestations, evaluation of serum biochemical indicators, X-ray examination, computerized tomography scan of the pelvis, and histopathological examination of the two operations, the patient was finally diagnosed with a recurring and malignant transformation of the left iliac bone phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-ossifying fibroma-like subtype. No tumor recurrence was found during the follow-up 15 months after the operation.
CONCLUSIONS
This case increases the awareness of a rare malignant subtype of PMT and provides a valuable reference for the diagnosis of this disease.
Topics: Female; Fibroma; Fibroma, Ossifying; Humans; Mesenchymoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34376178
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04558-1 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2018Benign Osseous metaplasia of the breast is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here we present a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast...
INTRODUCTION
Benign Osseous metaplasia of the breast is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here we present a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as a breast lump.
CASE PRESENTATION
38-year-old previously well woman presented with a one-year history of bilateral breast pain and a left-sided breast lump. Ultrasound and mammography suggested calcified fibroadenoma. An ultrasound-guided true cut biopsy revealed fibrous tissue containing foci of adenosis in the presence of a myoepithelial cell layer. Excision biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination showed bone matrix deposition occupying most of the nodule with peripheral hyalinized tissue but no evidence of malignancy. A diagnosis of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast was made, and the patient recovered well without recurrence after lump excision.
DISCUSSION
Only a few cases of osseous metaplasia are reported in the literature. Most reported cases are malignant, such as in fibrosarcoma, malignant mesenchymoma, osteoid sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and osteochondrosarcoma.Very few cases of osseous sarcoma are reported in benign lesions such as fibroadenoma, pleomorphic adenoma, benign mesenchymoma, phyllodes tumor, and amyloid tumor of the breast. Joshi et al. first reported a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as breast lump in an HIV-positive patient [18]. We, therefore, consider this case to be the second case report of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as a breast lump, but the patient had no chronic illness.
CONCLUSION
A breast lump can be the first presentation of benign osseous metaplasia.
PubMed: 29482081
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.02.025 -
BMC Surgery Aug 2023To summarize and discuss the guiding role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in selecting endoscopic treatments for submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the upper gastrointestinal...
OBJECTIVE
To summarize and discuss the guiding role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in selecting endoscopic treatments for submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
METHODS
A retrospective investigation was conducted on 156 SMT patients who received endoscopic resection guided by EUS in the endoscopy center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from May 2019 to September 2021. Next, the size, pathological type, and distribution of lesions were analyzed; the correlation of the tumor origin with distribution of lesions and selection of treatments was explored; and the consistency of preoperative EUS diagnosis and postoperative pathological diagnosis was summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS
The tumor diameters of the included SMT patients ranged from 0.3 to 4 cm, with a mean diameter of 0.95 cm; the lesions were mostly located in the esophagus, gastric fundus or fundic cardia and gastric body. As for the pathological types, liomyoma was the most common tumor in the esophagus, liomyoma and mesenchymoma were mainly located in the fundic cardia and gastric body, and heterotopic pancreas was mostly discovered in the gastric sinus. Among 38 esophageal SMT patients, some with lesions originating from muscularis mucosa and submucosa under EUS mainly underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscope band ligation (EBL); while others with lesions originated from muscularis propria mainly received submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). Of 115 gastric SMT patients under EUS, some with lesion origins from the muscularis mucosa and submucosa mainly underwent endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE), while others from muscularis propria mainly underwent ESE, ESD, and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). Besides, 3 duodenal SMT patients with lesion origins from submucosa and muscularis propria under EUS were given ESD and ESE, respectively. Additionally, 121 cases showed a consistency between the EUS diagnosis and the postoperative pathological nature, and the consistency rate was 84.6%.
CONCLUSION
Clarifying the origin layer, size, growth pattern, and pathological nature of the lesion through preoperative EUS can guide the precise selection of endoscopic treatments, thereby ensuring a safe, effective, and complete surgical outcomes and reducing complications.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract; Endosonography; Endoscopy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37635257
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02164-7 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2022Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (PMT) is a rare tumour that occurs in bone or soft tissue and is associated with production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)...
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (PMT) is a rare tumour that occurs in bone or soft tissue and is associated with production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) leading to tumor-induced osteomalacia. We report three cases of PMT involving the head and neck that highlight the broad spectrum of clinical and histologic features of PMT. One of these lesions from the hard palate demonstrated an admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, a feature that can pose a diagnostic challenge. The diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry including FGF23, somatostatin receptor 2A, SATB2, ERG and CD56 is discussed. The biochemical pathway in the development of PMT associated tumor induced osteomalacia and its role in investigations and management of PMT is also described.
Topics: Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Mesenchymoma; Neoplasms, Connective Tissue; Osteomalacia; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 35119617
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01419-8