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Cell Proliferation Oct 2022Crohn's disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found...
OBJECTIVES
Crohn's disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found that poorly differentiated mesenteric adipocytes were related to its inflammatory features. Pygopus2 (Pygo2) is a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We aimed to determine whether Pygo2 participates in CD mesenteric lesions and whether Pygo2 knockdown would be beneficial in a CD model (Il-10 mice).
METHODS
Pygo2 expression in MAT from control and CD patients and Il-10 mice was measured by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral transfection was used to regulate Pygo2 expression in Il-10 mice, and the effects on mesenteric adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and dysfunction during spontaneous colitis, as well as the possible mechanism, were investigated.
RESULTS
Pygo2 expression was increased in MAT from CD patients and Il-10 mice, and its expression correlated with poor adipocyte differentiation and inflammation. Pygo2 knockdown significantly ameliorated colitis in Il-10 mice. Moreover, the downregulation of Pygo2 gene expression could promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit adipocyte inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and the effects were at least partly mediated by the Axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
The increase in Pygo2 may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate CD-like colitis by improving mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Axin Protein; Colitis; Crohn Disease; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mesentery; Mice
PubMed: 35707871
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13292 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jun 2011The adult rat mesentery window angiogenesis assay is biologically appropriate and is exceptionally well suited to the study of sprouting angiogenesis in vivo [see review...
The adult rat mesentery window angiogenesis assay is biologically appropriate and is exceptionally well suited to the study of sprouting angiogenesis in vivo [see review papers], which is the dominating form of angiogenesis in human tumors and non-tumor tissues, as discussed in invited review papers(1,2). Angiogenesis induced in the membranous mesenteric parts by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a pro-angiogenic factor can be modulated by subcutaneous (s.c.), intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) treatment with modifying agents of choice. Each membranous part of the mesentery is translucent and framed by fatty tissue, giving it a window-like appearance. The assay has the following advantageous features: (i) the test tissue is natively vascularized, albeit sparsely, and since it is extremely thin, the microvessel network is virtually two-dimensional, which allows the entire network to be assessed microscopically in situ; (ii) in adult rats the test tissue lacks significant physiologic angiogenesis, which characterizes most normal adult mammalian tissues; the degree of native vascularization is, however, correlated with age, as discussed in(1); (iii) the negligible level of trauma-induced angiogenesis ensures high sensitivity; (iv) the assay replicates the clinical situation, as the angiogenesis-modulating test drugs are administered systemically and the responses observed reflect the net effect of all the metabolic, cellular, and molecular alterations induced by the treatment; (v) the assay allows assessments of objective, quantitative, unbiased variables of microvascular spatial extension, density, and network pattern formation, as well as of capillary sprouting, thereby enabling robust statistical analyses of the dose-effect and molecular structure-activity relationships; and (vi) the assay reveals with high sensitivity the toxic or harmful effects of treatments in terms of decreased rate of physiologic body-weight gain, as adult rats grow robustly. Mast-cell-mediated angiogenesis was first demonstrated using this assay(3,4). The model demonstrates a high level of discrimination regarding dosage-effect relationships and the measured effects of systemically administered chemically or functionally closely related drugs and proteins, including: (i) low-dosage, metronomically administered standard chemotherapeutics that yield diverse, drug-specific effects (i.e., angiogenesis-suppressive, neutral or angiogenesis-stimulating activities(5)); (ii) natural iron-unsaturated human lactoferrin, which stimulates VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis(6), and natural iron-unsaturated bovine lactoferrin, which inhibits VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis(7); and (iii) low-molecular-weight heparin fractions produced by various means(8,9). Moreover, the assay is highly suited to studies of the combined effects on angiogenesis of agents that are administered systemically in a concurrent or sequential fashion. The idea of making this video originated from the late Dr. Judah Folkman when he visited our laboratory and witnessed the methodology being demonstrated. Review papers (invited) discussing and appraising the assay Norrby, K. In vivo models of angiogenesis. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 10, 588-612 (2006). Norrby, K. Drug testing with angiogenesis models. Expert Opin. Drug. Discov. 3, 533-549 (2008).
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Male; Mesentery; Models, Animal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 21712799
DOI: 10.3791/3078 -
The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2020Solitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors that typically arise from the pleura and rarely originate from the mesentery. We herein report a case involving a... (Review)
Review
Solitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors that typically arise from the pleura and rarely originate from the mesentery. We herein report a case involving a 66-year-old patient who presented with a mass on the left abdomen. This mass had been incidentally noticed 10 years earlier. The patient sometimes experienced abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed an irregular mass, which was resected. A biopsy of the mass revealed that it was a solitary fibrous tumor originating from the mesentery of the small intestine. The patient was discharged 1 week after surgery and had an uneventful clinical course throughout the 4-month postoperative follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Intestine, Small; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33050750
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520950111 -
BMC Surgery Jun 2022To evaluate the feasibility and advantages of wedge resection plus transverse suture without mesentery detached approach applied to loop ileostomy closure by analyzing...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the feasibility and advantages of wedge resection plus transverse suture without mesentery detached approach applied to loop ileostomy closure by analyzing the surgical data and the incidence of postoperative complications of patients undergoing this procedure.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of the hospitalization data of patients who underwent ileostomy closure surgery and met the research standards from January 2017 to April 2021 in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital; all surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. The perioperative data were statistically analyzed by grouping.
RESULTS
In total, 65 patients were enrolled in this study, with 12 in the wedge resection group, 35 in the stapler group, and 18 in the hand suture group. There was no significant difference in operation time between the wedge resection group and stapler group (P > 0.05), but both groups had shorter operation time than that in the hand suture group (P < 0.05). The postoperative exhaustion time of wedge resection group was earlier than that of the others, and cost of surgical consumables in the wedge resection group was significantly lower than that in the stapler group, all with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complication incidences among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The wedge resection plus transverse suture without mesentery detached approach is safe and easy for closure of loop ileostomy in selected patients, and the intestinal motility recovers rapidly postoperatively. It costs less surgical consumables, and is particularly suitable for the currently implemented Diagnosis-Related Groups payment method.
Topics: China; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Ileostomy; Mesentery; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35655200
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01661-5 -
Annals of Surgery Feb 1990
Topics: Epoprostenol; Flushing; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Mesentery; Syndrome; Tachycardia
PubMed: 2105701
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Jun 2022Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumors. 55% of NETs originate in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver is the most common site of distant metastases. Serum...
INTRODUCTION
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumors. 55% of NETs originate in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver is the most common site of distant metastases. Serum chromogranin A is the most common biomarker for assessing the extent of disease and monitoring treatment; carcinoid syndrome occurs in 19% of NETs and is characterized by chronic diarrhea or flushing. Primary mesenteric NETs are rare and have been described only in case reports in literature; our case is an apparent primary mesenteric NETs with a surgical program to remove the mesenteric mass and subrenal interaortocaval and retrocaval lymphadenectomies.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 73-year old man came to us because he had been experiencing abdominal pain for a year and he had recently developed diabetes mellitus. He was an active smoker with arterial hypertension.
DIAGNOSIS
After a computed tomography scan and 68 Gallium-positron emission tomography, a diagnosis of what appeared to be a primary mesenteric NET with retrocaval and interaortocaval lymph nodes was made. Laparoscopic biopsy showed NET G2 positive for serotonin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin.
INTERVENTIONS
The intraoperative finding of a primitive ileum-NET changed the surgical program. We removed the mesenteric mass with the lymph nodes of the superior mesenteric vessel and the middle distal ileum along with the cecum.
OUTCOMES
The postoperative course was normal, and the patient was discharged on the seventh postoperative day without signs of short bowel syndrome. Follow-up at 6 months revealed no evidence of short bowel syndrome or disease progression.
CONCLUSION
68 Gallium-positron emission tomography does not show NETs smaller than 0.5 mm. Accurate palpation of the intestine is essential during surgery for NETs for two reasons: to find the primitive, and because of the risk of multiple intestinal primitives.
Topics: Aged; Chromogranin A; Humans; Male; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Mesentery; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Short Bowel Syndrome
PubMed: 35713456
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029464 -
Clinical and Translational... Aug 2020Clinical trials are currently investigating whether an extended mesenteric resection for ileocecal resections could reduce postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease....
INTRODUCTION
Clinical trials are currently investigating whether an extended mesenteric resection for ileocecal resections could reduce postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Resection of the mesorectum, which contains proinflammatory macrophages, during proct(ocol)ectomy, is associated with reduced recurrent inflammation and improved wound healing. We aimed to characterize the macrophages in the ileocecal mesentery, which were compared with those in the mesorectum, to provide a biological rationale for the ongoing trials.
METHODS
In 13 patients with Crohn's disease and 4 control patients undergoing a proctectomy, tissue specimens were sampled at 3 locations from the mesorectum: distal (rectum), middle, and proximal (sigmoid). In 38 patients with Crohn's disease and 7 control patients undergoing ileocecal resections, tissue specimens also obtained from 3 locations: adjacent to the inflamed terminal ileum, adjacent to the noninflamed ileal resection margin, and centrally along the ileocolic artery. Immune cells from these tissue specimens were analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of CD206 to determine their inflammatory status.
RESULTS
In the mesorectum, a gradient from proinflammatory to regulatory macrophages from distal to proximal was observed, corresponding to the adjacent inflammation of the intestine. By contrast, the ileocecal mesentery did not contain high amounts of proinflammatory macrophages adjacent to the inflamed tissue, and a gradient toward a more proinflammatory phenotype was seen in the central mesenteric area.
DISCUSSION
Although the mesentery is a continuous structure, the mesorectum and the ileocecal mesentery show different immunological characteristics. Therefore, currently, there is no basis to perform an extended ileocecal resection in patients with Crohn's disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cecum; Cohort Studies; Colectomy; Colon, Sigmoid; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Ileum; Macrophages; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Proctectomy; Rectum; Recurrence; Secondary Prevention; Young Adult
PubMed: 32739925
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000198 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 1993Three cases of mesenteric lipodystrophy with a wide range of clinicopathological features are reported. Mesenteric lipodystrophy may present as an acute abdomen or with...
Three cases of mesenteric lipodystrophy with a wide range of clinicopathological features are reported. Mesenteric lipodystrophy may present as an acute abdomen or with non-specific upper abdominal symptoms. Routine biochemical and haematological investigations are within normal limits. Histological examination shows lipid-filled macrophages in sheets and bands with focal cyst formation. Mesenteric lipodystrophy is a rare condition. A firm diagnosis can be reached only by histological examination and a number of conditions need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Lipodystrophy; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Diseases
PubMed: 8227443
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.46.9.872 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Aug 2020Precise extrinsic afferent (visceral sensory) and efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation of the gut is fundamental for gut-brain cross talk. Owing to the...
Precise extrinsic afferent (visceral sensory) and efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation of the gut is fundamental for gut-brain cross talk. Owing to the limitation of intrinsic markers to distinctively visualize the three classes of extrinsic axons, which intimately associate within the gut mesentery, detailed information on the development of extrinsic gut-innervating axons remains relatively sparse. Here, we mapped extrinsic innervation of the gut and explored the relationships among various types of extrinsic axons during embryonic development in mice. Visualization with characterized intrinsic markers revealed that visceral sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons arise from different anatomic locations, project in close association via the gut mesentery, and form distinctive innervation patterns within the gut from embryonic day (E)10.5 to E16.5. Genetic ablation of visceral sensory trajectories results in the erratic extension of both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons, implicating that afferent axons provide an axonal scaffold to route efferent axons. Coculture assay further confirmed the attractive effect of sensory axons on sympathetic axons. Taken together, our study provides key information regarding the development of extrinsic gut-innervating axons occurring through heterotypic axonal interactions and provides an anatomic basis to uncover neural circuit assembly in the gut-brain axis (GBA). Understanding the development of extrinsic innervation of the gut is essential to unravel the bidirectional neural communication between the brain and the gut. Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. Moreover, in line with the somatic nervous system, pretarget sorting via heterotypic axonal interactions is revealed to play critical roles in patterning extrinsic efferent trajectories to the gut. These findings provide basic anatomic information to explore the mechanisms underlying the process of assembling neural circuitry in the gut-brain axis (GBA).
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Axons; Brain; Gastrointestinal Tract; Mesentery; Mice; Morphogenesis; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques
PubMed: 32690615
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0309-20.2020 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Jun 1988
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Mesentery; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative; Peritoneal Diseases
PubMed: 3176478
DOI: No ID Found