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Journal of Education and Health... 2018Intramuscular (IM) injection is one of the causes of anxiety and pain in patients, using new techniques and creating a pleasant experience is of the legal and ethical...
BACKGROUND
Intramuscular (IM) injection is one of the causes of anxiety and pain in patients, using new techniques and creating a pleasant experience is of the legal and ethical duties of nurses. We aimed to investigate comparison of skin traction, pressure, and rapid muscle release with conventional method on IM injection pain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This clinical trial investigated 28 patients (56 samples) who required Methocarbamol injection. Two 5 cc Methocarbamol were injected for each patient by the conventional and innovative methods. In the innovative technique, after applying skin traction and imposing deep pressure to the muscle, the needle was inserted at a 90° in the muscle and injected after aspiration. However, this deep pressure was not applied in the conventional method. The pain was measured using visual analog scale. STATA software version 12 was used for statically analysis. < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The findings showed pain intensity in innovative method and conventional method was 1.17 ± 0.75 and 2.78 ± 1.61, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( = 0.001). The minimum pain intensity in innovative method was 0 and maximum was 4, meanwhile in conventional injection, the lowest and highest pain intensity was 0 and 6 respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that innovative method can be used as a substitute for conventional method to reduce IM injection pain.
PubMed: 30693308
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_216_18 -
MethodsX 2020In this study, a novel method was developed to measure acidic and basic drugs in biological and wastewater samples. The method used magnetic nanoparticles based on...
In this study, a novel method was developed to measure acidic and basic drugs in biological and wastewater samples. The method used magnetic nanoparticles based on Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and then identifying with HPLC-UV. The magnetic nanoparticle (FeO@SiO@Kit-6@NH) has been used as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of acidic and basic drugs ibuprofen (IFB), fenoprofen calcium (FPC), methocarbamol (MTC), and clonazepam (CZP). The magnetic nanoparticle was characterized by techniques including SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR. The effect of various parameters in the V-D-μ-SPE method was studied completely through the design of the response surface methodology (RSM) of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based response method and the utility function. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized including sample pH, adsorbent amount, absorption time, the salt concentration in the sample solution, CTAB of concentration, desorption time, and the volume of an eluent. After optimization, the limit of detection and calibration curve in the linear range were obtained 0.062-0.32 μg L and 0.1-800 μg L, respectively. Its linear correlation was > 0.9951. The relative standard deviation ( = 5) was between 2.4% and 5.1%. Finally, this method was used to determine target analytes in human serum, urine, and wastewater.•In this study, for the first time, a novel method for the determination of some drugs from human serum, urine, and wastewater samples.•The Synthesized FeO@SiO@Kit-6@NH NPs based V-D-μ-SPE was characterized by techniques including SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR.•The effects of various parameters in the V-D-μ-SPE methods were studied through the design of the RSM of BBD.
PubMed: 32596135
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100952 -
California Medicine Jan 1959A new skeletal muscle relaxant, methocarbamol, was used in the treatment of 38 patients with a variety of severe neurological disorders and skeletal muscle spasm...
A new skeletal muscle relaxant, methocarbamol, was used in the treatment of 38 patients with a variety of severe neurological disorders and skeletal muscle spasm states.Eighty-two per cent of the patients studied obtained a beneficial result ranging from excellent to fair. Mild side effects such as drowsiness were observed in five patients, mild weakness in three patients and excessive perspiration in one. In two of the five patients who complained of drowsiness, it disappeared upon reduction of dosage and did not reappear when original dosage was reinstituted.
Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Disease; Humans; Methocarbamol; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Orthopedics; Spasm
PubMed: 13618740
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 20214 dogs, 7.5 to 10 years of age, were presented for evaluation of signs of chronic cervical pain and forelimb lameness secondary to cervical foraminal intervertebral disk...
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural glucocorticoid injection for signs of refractory cervical pain associated with foraminal intervertebral disk protrusion in four dogs.
CASE DESCRIPTION
4 dogs, 7.5 to 10 years of age, were presented for evaluation of signs of chronic cervical pain and forelimb lameness secondary to cervical foraminal intervertebral disk protrusion (IVDP). All dogs were refractory to ≥ 2 weeks of conservative management including strict rest and pain management with anti-inflammatory drugs, methocarbamol, and gabapentin.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
The MRI findings included left foraminal IVDP at C2-3 causing mild C3 nerve root compression (dog 1), multifocal degenerative disk disease with mild focal left-sided disk protrusion at C6-7 without associated spinal cord or nerve root compression (dog 2), left foraminal C6-7 IVDP with suspected focal spinal cord atrophy or mild compression (dog 3), and right foraminal C6-7 IVDP and multifocal cervical intervertebral disk degeneration with annulus fibrosus protrusion (dog 4).
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural injections with methylprednisolone acetate (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) at the C3 nerve root in dog 1 and at the C7 nerve root in the other 3 dogs were performed. Injections were repeated at intervals of 4 weeks to 3 months on the basis of clinical response. None of the dogs had any complications from the procedures. For dogs 1 and 4, there was complete resolution of lameness and signs of cervical pain following perineural injections, and for dog 3, there was complete resolution of lameness and only minimal residual cervical pain. Dog 2 did not have long-lasting improvement.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings indicated that ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural injection can be an effective treatment of cervical foraminal IVDP for some dogs. Additional studies to determine appropriate case selection and better assess the overall success rate and risks associated with this technique are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Cervical Vertebrae; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glucocorticoids; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Neck Pain; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 33856871
DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.9.999 -
Psychosomatics 2020
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Catatonia; Coronavirus Infections; Delusions; Hallucinations; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lorazepam; Male; Methocarbamol; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Spasm
PubMed: 32605766
DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.021 -
Scientific Reports May 2024An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate...
An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate parameters which significantly affect the separation and quantitative estimation of five skeletal muscle relaxants and four analgesic drugs (baclofen, methocarbamol, dantrolene sodium, orphenadrine citrate, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) with a relatively short duration of analysis in a single run. For the separation of the nine drugs, an INERTSIL ODS-V3-5 µm C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D.) was used with the optimum mobile phase conditions (45.15 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.56 adjusted with acetic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol in a ratio of 30.5:29.5:40, v/v/v with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min) and UV-detection at 220 nm. The optimized method was successfully subjected to the validation steps as described in ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. The optimized and validated method was effectively applied to determine the content of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations and to expand its applicability to the counterfeit estimation of etoricoxib in different brands of tablet dosage forms.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Analgesics; Neuromuscular Agents; Reproducibility of Results; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Research Design
PubMed: 38710733
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58381-4 -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Dec 20134-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is an avicide used in products that are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control populations of various birds....
4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is an avicide used in products that are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control populations of various birds. Pharmaceutical 4-AP is also used in humans to treat neural and muscular dysfunctions associated with multiple sclerosis. Although strict restrictions for its use are in place, exposures to 4-AP bait by non-target species still occur. Twenty-nine exposures of 4-AP bait involving non-target species were identified and retrieved from the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center medical record database. Canines were the most commonly exposed (86 %) species followed by felines (10 %). The highest frequency of exposures was reported from Colorado (22 %). Most commonly reported clinical signs in canines were tremors, hypersalivation, seizures, tachycardia, and ataxia. The onset time of signs ranged from 5 to 300 min with an average of 89 min. Clinical signs lasted from 15 to 84 h with an average of 37 h. Patient outcome was known in six cases; one dog died 4 h after the exposure and five made full recovery with supportive care. Treatment of five surviving patients included administration of activated charcoal, use of anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants like diazepam and methocarbamol, and intravenous fluids. Diagnosis of 4-AP toxicosis can be supported by testing the gastric contents of the exposed patient. Due to the rapid absorption, samples need to be collected and frozen/chilled promptly. For successful patient outcome, treatment must be implemented quickly after an exposure.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Accidents; Animals; Birds; Environmental Exposure; Pesticides; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning; Population Control; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 24129835
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-013-0334-7 -
Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery Aug 2021Fascia iliaca nerve blockade (FIB) has been previously described as an effective technique for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy...
Fascia iliaca nerve blockade (FIB) has been previously described as an effective technique for reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). We hypothesize that an FIB will significantly reduce opioid consumption, pain scores and recovery time in our population. A retrospective observational study of 326 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS at a single institution was performed. Patients were classified based on whether or not they received an FIB. Patient demographics, surgical details, medication details and 6-month postoperative outcomes were collected. The primary endpoint was the amount of narcotics required intraoperatively and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Of the 326 patients included in the study, 37 received an FIB. No differences in sex, age or other surgical details were observed between groups. Patients receiving an FIB were more likely to receive celecoxib ( < 0.001), pregabalin ( = 0.001) and methocarbamol ( = 0.002). The FIB group received lower doses of narcotics intraoperatively ( = 0.001), postoperatively ( < 0.001) and in total ( < 0.001). The FIB group also self-reported lower first pain scores upon arrival to PACU ( = 0.001) and experienced shorter PACU recovery times ( < 0.001). After controlling for differences between groups, patients who received an FIB required significantly lower amounts of narcotics, had shorter PACU times and lower first PACU pain score than those who did not ( < 0.001). No differences in complication rates were noted between groups. The use of FIB resulted in lower pain scores, reduced recovery time and decreased early postoperative narcotic requirements for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Further study is required to validate these findings and determine the optimal approach to regional analgesia in this patient population.
PubMed: 35414951
DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnab076 -
Anaesthesia Jan 1992
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Enflurane; Humans; Male; Methocarbamol; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Seizures
PubMed: 1536426
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb01983.x -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jan 2002
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Insecticides; Male; Methocarbamol; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nonprescription Drugs; Seizures
PubMed: 11802666
DOI: No ID Found